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Snow Leopard habitat vulnerability assessment under climate change and connectivity corridor in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, China
Coeval upper crustal extension and surface uplift in the Central Taurides (Türkiye) above the Cyprus Subduction Zone
Predictive value of systemic immune inflammation index for infections caused by healthcare in pediatric patients hospitalized to the burn unit
Climate-driven succession in marine microbiome biodiversity and biogeochemical function
Abstract Seasonal and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) warming result in similar ocean changes as predicted with climate change. Climate-driven environmental cycles have strong impacts on microbiome diversity, but impacts on microbiome function are poorly understood. Here we quantify changes in microbial genomic diversity and functioning over 11 years covering seasonal and ENSO cycles at a coastal site in the southern California Current. We observe seasonal oscillations between large-genome lineages during cold, nutrient rich conditions in winter and spring versus small-genome lineages, including Prochlorococcus and Pelagibacter , in summer and fall. Parallel interannual changes separate communities depending on ENSO condition. Biodiversity shifts translate into clear oscillations in microbiome functional potential. Ocean warming induced an ecosystem with less iron but more macronutrient stress genes, depressed organic carbon degradation potential and biomass, and elevated carbon-to-nutrient biomass ratios. The consistent microbial response observed across time-scales points towards large climate-driven changes in marine ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles.
Real-time classroom student behavior detection based on improved YOLOv8s
Superexchange interaction regulates Ni/Mn spin states triggering Ni-t2g/O-2p reductive coupling enabling stable lithium-rich cathode
Influence of antiretroviral therapy on frailty among people living with HIV
Evaluation of fetal exposure to environmental noise using a computer-generated model
Abstract Acoustic noise can have profound effects on wellbeing, impacting the health of pregnant women and their fetus. Mounting evidence suggests neural memory traces are formed by auditory learning in utero. A better understanding of the fetal auditory environment is therefore critical to avoid exposure to damaging noise levels. Using anatomical data from MRI scans of pregnant patients ( $$N=4$$ N = 4 ) from 24 weeks of gestation, we develop a computational model to quantify fetal exposure to acoustic field. We obtain acoustic transfer characteristics across the human audio range and pressure maps in transverse planes passing through the uterus at 5 kHz, 10 kHz and 20 kHz, showcasing multiple scattering and modal patterns. Our calculations show that the sound transmitted in utero is attenuated by as little as 6 dB below 1 kHz, confirming results from animal studies that the maternal abdomen and pelvis do not shelter the fetus from external noise.
Antimicrobial potential of essential oil from Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (P. caribaea) sap
Contact-free magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy with acoustic levitation
Abstract Conventional magnetic resonance measurements often rely on the use of sample containers. This limits the implementation of time-resolved studies at the molecular level of liquid samples undergoing evaporation or other dynamic phenomena that require access to the liquid-gas interface. In this study, we developed a demagnetized acoustic levitator to perform magnetic resonance studies on liquid samples, in a contact-free manner. The performance of the levitator inside a 7.05 T magnetic field was examined and magnetic resonance images of the levitator and the levitated samples were acquired. Then, we collected magnetic resonance spectra of the levitated droplets by applying localized and non-localized pulse sequences and we examined the effect of the droplet shape on the chemical shift. Additionally, we conducted time-resolved experiments on pure solvents and mixtures, and captured physical and chemical molecular interactions, in real-time. This approach enables contact-free studies at the molecular level of dynamic phenomena on a microliter droplet using magnetic resonance techniques.
Design and experimental validation of a compact dual band double negative metamaterial for energy harvesting applications
IL-17A-producing NKp44(−) group 3 innate lymphoid cells accumulate in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis duodenal tissue
Abstract Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an inherited gastrointestinal syndrome associated with duodenal adenoma formation. Even among carriers of the same genetic variant, duodenal phenotypes vary, indicating that additional factors, such as the local immune system, play a role. We observe an increase in duodenal IL-17A(+)NKp44(−) innate lymphoid type 3 cell (ILC3) in FAP, localized near the epithelium and enriched in adenomas and carcinomas. Elevated IL1B, IL23A, and DLL4 transcript levels correlate with IL-17A(+)NKp44(−)ILC3 accumulation, and in vitro studies with duodenal organoids confirmed this relationship. Bulk RNA sequencing reveals upregulated Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducing enzymes DUOX2 and DUOXA2 in FAP adenomas. IL-17A-stimulated FAP organoids show increased DUOX2/DUOXA2 expression, Duox2 protein, and ROS production, leading to DNA damage, suggesting a mechanism by which these immune cells promote tumorigenesis. These findings suggest IL-17A(+)NKp44(–)ILC3s may contribute to a local environment that makes the epithelium more submissive for oncogenic transformation in FAP.
Effects of dodecyl amide, nano calcium carbonate, and dry resin on asphalt concrete cohesion and adhesion failures in moisture conditions
Single influenza A viruses induce nanoscale cellular reprogramming at the virus-cell interface
Abstract During infection, individual virions trigger specific cellular signaling at the virus-cell interface, a nanoscale region of the plasma membrane in direct contact with the virus. However, virus-induced receptor recruitment and cellular activation are transient processes that occur within minutes at the nanoscale. Hence, the temporal and spatial kinetics of such early events often remain poorly understood due to technical limitations. To address this challenge, we develop a protocol to covalently immobilize labelled influenza A viruses on glass surfaces before exposing them to live epithelial cells. Our method extends the observation time for virus-plasma membrane association while minimizing viral modifications, facilitating live imaging of virus-cell interactions. Using single-molecule super-resolution microscopy, we investigate virus-receptor interaction showing that viral receptors exhibit reduced mobility at the virus-binding site, which leads to a specific local receptor accumulation and turnover. We further follow the dynamics of clathrin-mediated endocytosis at the single-virus level and demonstrate the recruitment of adaptor protein 2 (AP-2), previously thought to be uninvolved in influenza A virus infection. Finally, we examine the nanoscale organization of the actin cytoskeleton at the virus-binding site, showing a local and dynamic response of the cellular actin cortex to the infecting virus.
Low power IoT device communication through hybrid AES-RSA encryption in MRA mode
UFC1 reveals the multifactorial and plastic nature of oxyanion holes in E2 conjugating enzymes
A population based optimization of convolutional neural networks for chronic kidney disease prediction
Microbial dormancy as an ecological and biogeochemical regulator on Earth
Abstract Virtually all of Earth’s ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles are underpinned – and often driven – by the activity (or inactivity) of microorganisms. Dormancy, a reversible state of reduced metabolic activity, is ubiquitous among microbial communities in environments ranging from moderate to extreme. Dormancy enables microorganisms to withstand severe and widespread environmental changes. Here I argue that dormancy exerts a powerful influence on Earth’s ecological and biogeochemical architecture through space and time, and over vast scales. Dormancy manifests differently across taxonomically and functionally distinct microbial groups, and operates over timescales ranging from hours to millennia – enabling microorganisms to interact with the geosphere over geologically relevant timescales. As such, dormancy may play a crucial role in shaping ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles throughout the Earth system. Interdisciplinary, integrative geosphere-biosphere approaches will be essential for advancing our understanding of how microbial dormancy underpins the co-evolution of Earth, its biosphere, and their interactions.