Browse Articles

Prevalence, practice pattern, and mortality of hyperkalemia in Chinese patients undergoing hemodialysis in the visualize HD study

Integrated bioprocessing of cassava residues for enzymatic starch recovery, citric acid production, and effluent detoxification

Path planning of intelligent tennis ball picking robot integrating twin network target tracking algorithm

Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease using brain $$^{18}\textrm{F}$$-FDG PET imaging based on a state space model

Conservation law, Chupin Liu’s theorem and propagation of pulses in optical metamaterials modeled by NLSE with power law nonlinearity

Mapping cation-eutaxy ternary with a phenomenological model

Elastic and ultra stable ionic conductors for long-life-time soft robots working at extreme environments

Cell-specific mechanisms drive connectivity across the time course of Huntington’s disease

Abstract Hyperconnectivity in functional brain networks occurs decades before disease onset in Huntington’s disease. However, the biological mechanisms remain unknown. We investigate connectivity in Huntington’s disease using Morphometric INverse Divergence (MIND) in three Huntington’s disease cohorts (N = 512) spanning from two decades before the onset of symptoms through to functional decline. Here, we identify stage-specific profiles, with hyperconnectivity 22 years from predicted motor onset, progressing to hypoconnectivity through the late premanifest and manifest stages, showing that hypoconnectivity is correlated with neurofilament light concentrations. To understand the biological mechanisms, we investigate associations with cortical organization principles including disease epicentres and cell-autonomous systems, in particular neurotransmitter distribution. The contribution from disease epicentres is limited to late premanifest while cell-autonomous associations are demonstrated across the Huntington’s disease lifespan. Specific relationships to cholinergic and serotoninergic systems localized to granular and infragranular cortical layers are identified, consistent with serotoninergic layer 5a neuronal vulnerability previously identified in post-mortem brains.

Parathyroid glands viability assessment and identification during surgery with multimodal diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and NIR autofluorescence probe

New improved hybrid genetic algorithm for optimizing facility layout design of reconfigurable manufacturing system

Fabrication of ZnFe2O4@g-C3N4 for enhanced photo-fenton effect and visible light-driven organic dye degradation

Loneliness and depressive symptoms in institutionally isolated Polish adolescents explored through network psychometrics

Abstract This research investigates the link between depression and loneliness in 311 adolescents (87.8% boys; M age=15.8) in Polish Youth Correctional Centres. It focuses on identifying depression symptoms associated with loneliness, understand the centrality of loneliness in the depression symptoms network and examine the effect of various loneliness measurement methods on this relationship. The study reveals that loneliness is directly related to four affective depression symptoms: sadness, worthlessness, anhedonia and restlessness, which subsequently influence somatic symptoms. Unlike in prior research, loneliness has the least central role in the depression symptom network. The loneliness measurement method (direct/indirect) does not significantly impact its relationship with depressive symptoms. The study suggests using a simple loneliness question in network research, which is less burdensome for respondents, and discusses the reasons for the low centrality of loneliness in the network. The results underscore the significance of emotion regulation interventions for isolated adolescents’ well-being.

Caffeine intake is inversely associated with osteoporosis risk based on cross-sectional and genetic evidence

Abundance and transmission of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes through mobile genetic elements in integrated chicken and fish farming system

Compound 48/80 increases bladder compliance by activating MMP-2 and inhibiting TIMP-2

Decoding public sentiment topics in google map reviews on urban infrastructure development of belt and road initiative

New molecular components of high and low affinity iron import systems in Drosophila

Abstract The high abundance and molecular versatility of iron have led to its universal presence in biological systems, yet its absorption is exceptionally challenging. Animals and yeasts use divalent metal transporters to import iron, but yeasts also employ the multicopper oxidase Fet3p for high-affinity iron uptake when iron-starved. Using long-term iron depletion in Drosophila, we identified four components involved in iron absorption: Multicopper oxidase-4 (Mco4), a Fet3p ortholog, is essential for surviving iron starvation, whereas the cytochrome b561 enzymes Fire (Ferric Iron Reductase) and Fire-like, as well as cytochrome b5 protein Firewood, are required for iron absorption under normal conditions. This study reports the presence of a high-affinity iron uptake system in an animal, a cytochrome b5 electron donor for ferric iron reduction, and intestinal ferric reductases, and provides a valuable resource for further exploration of genes involved in iron homeostasis, transport, and absorption.

MORC2 is a phosphorylation-dependent DNA compaction machine

Abstract The Microrchidia (MORC) family of chromatin-remodelling ATPases is pivotal in forming higher-order chromatin structures that suppress transcription. The exact mechanisms of MORC-induced chromatin remodelling have been elusive. Here, we report an in vitro reconstitution of full-length MORC2, the most commonly mutated MORC member, linked to various cancers and neurological disorders. MORC2 possesses multiple DNA-binding sites that undergo structural rearrangement upon DNA binding. MORC2 locks onto the DNA using its C-terminal domain (CTD) and acts as a clamp. A conserved phosphate-interacting motif within the CTD was found to regulate ATP hydrolysis and cooperative DNA binding. Importantly, MORC2 mediates chromatin remodelling via ATP hydrolysis-dependent DNA compaction in vitro, regulated by the phosphorylation state of its CTD. These findings position MORC2 CTD phosphorylation as a critical regulator of chromatin remodelling and a promising therapeutic target.

Intergenerational metabolomic signatures of bleaching resistance in corals

Control over S(VI)‐Stereogenic Center: NHC‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of <i>N</i> ‐Acyl Cyclic Sulfonimidamides

Abstract The catalytic enantioselective synthesis of aza‐sulfur(VI) compounds holds significant potential in pharmaceuticals owing to their broad spectrum of biological properties. Herein, we report the first N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of cyclic sulfonimidamides (SIAs). The free N–H containing SIAs often exhibit configurational lability through tautomerization. We investigated this by demonstrating their nonsymmetric nature in both solid state and solution. The in situ generated chiral acylazolium intermediates from easily accessible aldehydes in the presence of NHC and oxidant were trapped with the prochiral cyclic SIA anions, allowing the enantioselective synthesis of configurationally stable N ‐acyl cyclic SIAs. Mechanistic studies reveal that the present strategy proceeds via the desymmetrization of the prochiral SIA anions. Moreover, the derivatization of the synthesized N ‐acyl SIAs highlights the practical utility of the present methodology.