Browse Articles

Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of respiratory related hospitalizations in older patients with COPD, asthma, and bronchiectasis

A nomogram for predicting the risk of tigecycline-associated drug-induced liver injury in a Chinese population

Vm and ζ-potential of Candida albicans corelate with biofilm formation

Leadership change at African journal sparks calls for bold reform

Closed-Loop Framework for Discovering Stable and Low-Cost Bifunctional Metal Oxide Catalysts for Efficient Electrocatalytic Water Splitting in Acid

Harris Hawk optimization algorithm with combined perturbation strategy and its application

Increased risk of uterine leiomyoma among women with migraine in reproductive age

Aeolian accumulation rate within the kettle holes on Skeiðarársandur (S Iceland) under climate warming conditions

Abstract Like other higher latitudes, Iceland is experiencing climate warming, leading to glacier retreat and the formation of new plume areas of aeolian material – vast deserts, including the Skeiðarársandur outwash plain. The main objective was determining the annual rate of aeolian accumulation within glacial flood-origin sandur kettle holes as important sediment traps. The analysis was based on data collected in 2021/2022–2023/2024, at an older level, in depressions after 1892 and 1934/1938 glacial lake-outburst floods, and at a younger level, after the catastrophic jökulhlaup of 1996. Meteorological data, digital elevation models, satellite scenes and photogrammetric data were also used to examine the role of wind, morphometry of kettle holes, and plant coverage in the aeolian accumulation rate and to validate the monitoring results. Analysis showed that the material collected in the kettle holes was of local origin. On the younger level, without vegetation or an initial succession, particle transport occured mostly via saltation (63–75%), and the aeolian aacumulation rate averaged 5,000–7,400 g m–2 yr–1 (50% between 3,600 and 13,400 g m–2 yr–1). It is several times higher than on the flat sandur surface and 6–44 times higher than on the older level, completely covered with vegetation, and more distant from plume areas. Mineral particles here were finer and transported mainly in suspension (50–85%). Identifying aeolian facies and particle characteristics within the analogous Pleistocene sandur kettle holes of the glacial lake-outburst flood-origin in the European Lowland may indicate the time of their formation caused by climate warming, the Scandinavian Ice Sheet decay, and the transformation of ecosystems from tundra to forest.

Effect of internal curing by super-absorbent polymer on hydration of hydrophobic cement-based material

Study on the migration law of sulfate in limestone water of typical high ground temperature coal mines

Contribution to the debate on the origin of autoimmune joint diseases in Europe through an archaeological case of still’s disease

Author Correction: Design and validation of a novel multiple sites signal acquisition and analysis system based on pressure stimulation for human cardiovascular information

Enhancing basketball players’ jump shooting performance and neuroplasticity, kinematic optimization through flash reflex-based sensory-motor perception and balance

Wherever we go in this system, there we are

Mechanistic Studies of Catalytic O₂-to-H₂O₂ Conversion at a Single Cobalt Site

Somatic mutations in the TG and RELA genes specific for radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer

Effects of ATF2/TSC1 on epilepsy by modulating the microphages polarization of microglia

Abstract Epilepsy (EP) is a chronic nervous system disease characterized by recurrent attacks, and its causes are complicated. Inflammatory reaction mediated by microglia is an important factor in the progression of EP. Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) can be used as a transcription factor to regulate the microglia-mediated inflammatory response, but its role in EP is unclear. In this study, kainic acid (KA) was used to induce the EP cell and mouse model. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect ATF2, TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β, and IL-10 mRNA expression. ATF2, INOS, ARG1, and TSC1 protein levels was examined by western blot. The fluorescence intensity of ATF2, IBA1, CD80, and CD206 was examined by immunofluorescence staining. The cell ratios of CD80, IL-1β, CD206, and CD63 were detected by flow cytometry. Dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to verify the interaction between ATF2 and TSC1. Hematoxylin & eosin and Nissl staining were used to observe the structure of hippocampus and Nissl bodies. The results indicated that KA induced M1 polarization of HMC3 cells and increased the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA by activating KA receptors, and inhibiting KA receptors attenuated the M1 polarization of KA-induced HMC3 cells. ATF2 expression was increased in KA-induced HMC3 cells and hippocampal tissues of mouse, while TSC1 expression was repressed. ATF2 knockdown diminished the M1 polarization of KA-induced HMC3 cells, enhanced the M2 polarization, and relieved neuroinflammation in EP mouse. TSC1 overexpression inhibited M1 polarization in KA-induced HMC3 cells. Dual luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation results revealed that ATF2 bound to the promoter of TSC1 and negatively regulated the transcription of TSC1. In conclusion, inhibition of ATF2 and promotion of TSC1 transcription may be a new pathophysiological mechanism for the treatment of EP neuroinflammation.

Comparative study on overall, surface and centre compressed solid wood

Characterisation and analysis of surface integrity and residual stress in laser direct energy deposited 316 L alloy subject to plasticity ball burnishing

Abstract This paper presents the effect of ball burnishing on the surface integrity and residual stress of laser-direct energy-deposited (DED) 316 L alloys, with a particular focus on surface modification characteristics across two directional planes relative to the burnishing direction. The results show that the burnishing significantly improved surface finish, reducing Ra and Sa by 76% and 51%, respectively. Additionally, the burnishing altered the grain structure from cellular/columnar to equiaxed within 50 μm deep from the top surface, with the most pronounced changes occurring in the cross-sectional plane normal to the burnishing direction. The process also converted tensile stresses into compressive stresses, with the peak compressive stress being 99% higher than that of the ground surface. Notably, the compressive stress was higher along normal to the burnishing direction compared to the burnishing direction itself. Furthermore, the burnishing increased the full width at half maximum (FWHM) by broadening X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks, with the greatest increase observed at a depth of 68 μm, confirming the severe grain alternations. Due to grain modification and dislocation movement, the burnishing increased microhardness by 32% at the top surface, with a hardened layer extending up to 400 μm in depth. The improvement in hardness was more significant on the plane normal to the burnishing direction.

Interannual variability in terrestrial dissolved organic matter advection to the eastern East Siberian Sea under contrasting Beaufort Gyre conditions

Abstract Recent changes in Arctic Ocean circulation, particularly the weakening of the Beaufort Gyre (BG), have potentially significant implications for biogeochemical cycles. This study investigates how interannual BG variability influences the distribution of river water and terrestrial-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the western Arctic Ocean by comparing observations from two contrasting years: 2019 (maximum BG strength: 0.48 × 10−6) and 2022 (minimum BG strength: 0.14 × 10−6). Under these contrasting BG conditions, we identified significant changes in both river water fraction (f river) and terrestrial-derived DOM (characterized by fluorescent DOM; FDOM) in the eastern East Siberian Sea surface waters. Specifically, the f river increased by 37%, while high-molecular-weight terrestrial humic-like FDOM increased by 29% from 2019 to 2022. These increases coincided with enhanced cyclonic circulation over the Eurasian Basin and a weakened anticyclonic BG in 2022, facilitating the eastward expansion of Lena River-influenced surface waters. Our findings demonstrate that BG conditions play a crucial role in controlling the distribution of river water and terrestrial-derived DOM from the Eurasian rivers in the western Arctic Ocean. Continued BG weakening could allow terrestrial DOM to penetrate further into the BG region, potentially altering its biogeochemical cycles and carbon dynamics.