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Bio-inspired manganese-catalyzed deaminative hydroxylation of benzyl amines to corresponding alcohols
Regulation of plant immunity through histone H3 β-hydroxybutyrylation-mediated transcriptional control
Abstract Histone lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb) is a novel type of histone acylation whose prevalence and function remain unclear in plants. Here, we systematically characterized H3K9bhb in rice (Oryza sativa) and found that it is enriched at transcription start site (TSS) regions and serves as an active mark for gene expression. We demonstrated functional differences between H3K9bhb and the well-studied H3K9ac histone modification, particularly in regulating genes involved in the rice immune response. We also discovered that the exogenous application of β-hydroxybutyrate induces H3K9bhb deposition and promotes the expression of defense-related genes, enhancing disease resistance. Furthermore, we identified OsSRT1, OsSRT2, and OsHDA705 as key players in the removal of Kbhb. We also conducted a Kbhb proteomic analysis and identified 2159 Kbhb sites on 1128 proteins, providing a valuable resource for future studies of Kbhb. This research advances our understanding of plant epigenetic regulation by establishing Kbhb as a cellular post-translational modification with the potential to regulate plant immune responses.
Hot air: the most extreme heatwaves are accelerating the fastest
A sensitive MOKE and optical Hall effect technique at visible wavelengths: insights into the Gilbert damping
Abstract It is well known that the anomalous Hall effect displayed in ferromagnets is much stronger than the ordinary Hall effect. Therefore, the optical Hall effect is significantly weaker than the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) such that it is barely detectable at visible wavelengths. We present a sensitive MOKE technique which is based on large-amplitude modulation of the externally applied magnetic field that is suitable for non-magnetic metals. Using a 440 nm laser, we measure Cu, Au, Al, Ta, and Pt and find partial agreement with the Lorentz-Drude theory implying contributions of the plasma dynamics and interband transitions beyond the approximations of the model. Interestingly, we find that the noise scales with the spin-orbit coupling of the metals. This is manifested by a remarkable correlation between the noise amplitude and the Gilbert damping enhancement associated with these metals. These results suggest that the electromagnetic noise arises from optical interactions with spins that is mediated by the spin-orbit interaction and highlight a possible avenue for measuring the spin-orbit coupling using optical techniques.
The PAZ pocket and dimerization drive CpAgo’s guide-independent and DNA-guided dual catalysis
Dynamic optical chirality based on liquid-crystal-embedded nano-cilia photonic structures
Memory gets a boost from positive emotion
Synchronized seasonal excretion of multiple coronaviruses coincides with high rates of coinfection in immature bats
Abstract Bats host a high diversity of coronaviruses, including betacoronaviruses that have caused outbreaks and pandemics in humans and other species. Here, we study the spatiotemporal dynamics of co-circulating coronaviruses in Pteropus spp bats (flying foxes) in eastern Australia over a three-year period across five roost sites (n = 2537 fecal samples). In total, we identify six betacoronavirus clades, all within the nobecovirus subgenus. Genome sequencing supports overall clade assignments, however, also demonstrates the important role recombination has played in both the long-term and contemporary evolution of these viruses. Using a statistical framework that integrates individual and population level data, we assess the variability in prevalence of viral clades over space and time. Coronavirus infections and co-infections are highest among juveniles and subadults, particularly around the time of weaning. The overlapping shedding dynamics across multiple clades suggest opportunities for recombination, especially in younger bats. Understanding the ecological and host-viral drivers of these seasonally dynamic infections, co-infections, and recombination events will inform future predictive frameworks for coronavirus emergence in humans and other animals.
Evolving infectious disease dynamics shape school-based intervention effectiveness
Abstract School-based interventions during epidemics are often controversial, as experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, where reducing transmission had to be weighed against the adverse effects on young children. However, it remains unclear how the broader epidemiologic context influences the effectiveness of these interventions and when they should be implemented. Through integrated modeling of epidemiological and genetic data from a longitudinal school-based surveillance study of SARS-CoV-2 in 2021–2022 (N children = 336, N adults = 51) and scenario simulations, we show how transmission dynamics in schools changed markedly due to strong increases in community-acquired infections in successive periods of viral variants, ultimately undermining the potential impact of school-based interventions in reducing infection rates in the school-aged population. With pandemic preparedness in mind, this study advocates for a dynamic perspective on the role and importance of schools in infectious disease control, one that adapts to the evolving epidemiological landscape shaped by pathogen characteristics and evolution, shifting public health policies, and changes in human behavior.
Inhibiting CD36 palmitoylation improves cardiac function post-infarction by regulating lipid metabolic homeostasis and autophagy
High-temperature quantum coherence of spinons in a rare-earth spin chain
Atroposelective construction of axially chiral alkenylindole-fused nine-membered rings via catalytic asymmetric formal (4 + 5) cycloaddition
Flow perturbation to accelerate Boltzmann sampling
Sex differences in skin-cancer risk are linked to oestrogen levels
South Pacific sea surface temperature and global ocean circulation changes since the late Miocene
Abstract The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is a major driver of global ocean circulation and climate. To better understand the interplay between long-term atmospheric and ocean variability in the Southern Ocean since the late Miocene, we present sea surface temperature (SST) and carbonate preservation records from the Subantarctic Eastern South Pacific (IODP Site U1543), along with an extended ACC strength record from Central South Pacific Site U1541. We focus on long-term eccentricity-scale variations showing decreased (increased) SST with enhanced (reduced) CaCO3 preservation, and stronger (weaker) ACC strength, particularly during the Pliocene. These changes coincide with stronger (weaker) South Pacific SST gradients, possible northward (southward) migration of Southern Ocean fronts, strengthened (weakened) westerlies, and atmospheric CO2 release. These patterns contrast with Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycles. Reduced Pacific-Atlantic exchange through the Drake Passage may have weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation during warming at Site U1543 across the intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation. Simultaneous stronger ACC and higher CaCO3 deposition in the high-latitude Pacific suggest a strengthened basin-wide Pacific overturning circulation during parts of the Pliocene.
Photocatalytic ethylene production over defective NiO through lattice oxygen participation
Chromatin interaction maps of human arterioles reveal mechanisms for the genetic regulation of blood pressure
Demonstration of angular-momentum-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy
Abstract Rotational invariance is a fundamental aspect of symmetry in scattering processes from atomic potentials. Here, we present an approach for measuring orbital angular momentum (OAM), a key descriptor of rotational symmetry, during measurements of atomic transitions. We use an electron optical OAM sorter in combination with electron energy-loss spectroscopy and model-based fitting to separately measure the π* and σ* antibonding transitions in hexagonal boron nitride on the atomic scale. This approach also offers prospects for efficient and atomically-resolved magnetic chiral dichroism measurements.