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Author Correction: Geospatial distribution of unimproved water source and sanitation facilities in Ethiopia: evidence from the latest demographic and health survey (2019)

Dearomative Skeletal Editing of Benzenoids via Diradical

The spatiotemporal dynamic evolution characteristics of carbon emissions in less developed resource-based cities: evidence from Pingliang City, China

Exploring the interplay of psychological entitlement, mindset, and luxury products or experience consumption

AI masters Minecraft: DeepMind program finds diamonds without being taught

An integrative TLBO-driven hybrid grey wolf optimizer for the efficient resolution of multi-dimensional, nonlinear engineering problems

Uridine Embedded within DNA is Repaired by Uracil DNA Glycosylase via a Mechanism Distinct from That of Ribonuclease H2

Phase transitions and chemical segregation in Ge-rich GST based phase change memory cells

The impact of national value chains on the total factor carbon emission efficiency of China

Revealed: first DNA profiles of ancient people who roamed a lush Sahara

Evaluation of forage yield and nutritive value of lesser burnet genotypes

Holdup Multiplex Assay for High-Throughput Measurement of Protein–Ligand Affinity Constants Using a Mass Spectrometry Readout

Hybrid deep learning model for density and growth rate estimation on weed image dataset

Evaluation and refinement of zinc management options for field-specific nutrient management in eastern India

Expression of Human β3GalT5–1 in Insect Cells as Active Glycoforms for the Efficient Synthesis of Cancer-Associated Globo-Series Glycans

Detection and isolation of viable cancer cells mediated by spytag and spycatcher using conditionally replicative adenovirus and magnetic microbeads

Perioperative and oncological outcomes of single position retroperitoneoscopic radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma

Intriguing features of the interface between water and oil droplets uncovered

Structure-Based Mechanism and Specificity of Human Galactosyltransferase β3GalT5

Metformin alleviates inflammatory response and severity rate of COVID-19 infection in elderly individuals

Abstract To evaluate the relationship between metformin and the outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. The study included 413 patients with type 2 diabetes among the 5217 patients enrolled in a COVID-19 study, and analyzed whether receiving metformin therapy prior to infection was associated with risk of ICU admission, development of pneumonia and length of hospital stay. The study also examined the correlation between metformin treatment and levels of IL-6, CRP, serum ferritin (SF), lymphocyte, CD4 at admission, as well as the increase in open reading frame 1ab gene cycle threshold (ORF1abCT) after one week of hospitalization. There were no differences in age, sex, BMI, comorbidities, number of vaccine doses or eGFR between patients receiving and not receiving metformin therapy. In the ICU group, the proportion of patients not receiving metformin was 92.5%, significantly higher than the 69.2% of patients not admitted to ICU (p = 0.010). In the pneumonia group, the proportion of patients not receiving metformin was 78.6%, significantly higher than the 67.2% in the non-pneumonia group (p = 0.020). Compared with patients receiving no treatment, those receiving metformin had a shorter hospital stay (12.1 ± 5.9 days vs. 14.5 ± 8.2 days, p = 0.001). In the patients ≥ 60 years old, those receiving treatment had significantly lower levels of IL-6 (median, 12.3 pg/ml vs. 4.0 pg/ml, p = 0.026) and significantly higher levels of Lymphocyte (median, 1.2 × 109/L vs. 1.4 × 109/L, p = 0.015) compared with those not receiving treatment. However, for the patients under 60, there were no significant differences observed in IL-6 and Lymphocyte levels between those receiving treatment and those not. Metformin can reduce the severity of COVID-19 infection and attenuate the inflammatory response associated with COVID-19 infection.