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Evaluation of hesperidin as a potential larvicide against Culex pipiens with computational prediction of its mode of action via molecular docking

Abstract Hesperidin, a natural flavanone glycoside predominantly found in citrus fruits, has gained attention for its wide-ranging biological activities, including potential insecticidal properties. Culex pipiens, commonly known as the northern house mosquito, is a major vector of several human pathogens, such as the West Nile virus and filariasis, making it a key target in the fight against vector-borne diseases. In this study, we evaluated the larvicidal activity of Hesperidin against Culex pipiens larvae, assessing its potential as an alternative to chemical insecticides. Hesperidin demonstrated potent larvicidal effects, with a lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of 570.3 ± 0.04 µg/mL, outperforming the conventional insecticide Chlorpyrifos 588.3 ± 0.28 µg/mL in efficacy. Molecular docking simulations revealed a strong binding affinity between Hesperidin and crucial neuroreceptors in Culex pipiens, particularly acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a key enzyme involved in nerve signal transmission. The interaction between Hesperidin’s hydroxyl groups and the AChE enzyme’s active site suggests that AChE inhibition is the primary mechanism driving Hesperidin’s insecticidal action. These findings position Hesperidin as a promising, environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic insecticides. However, further research is needed to assess its toxicity to non-target organisms and optimize its formulation for broader application in mosquito control.

Predicting branch retinal vein occlusion development using multimodal deep learning and pre-onset fundus hemisection images

Development and validation of a dynamic nomogram to predict alexithymia in young and middle aged stroke patients

Altered expression profile of plasma exosomal microRNAs in exclusive electronic cigarette adult users

Optical genome mapping to decipher the chromosomal aberrations in families seeking for preconception genetic counseling

Distribution changes of Ormosia microphylla under different climatic scenarios

Development and validation of PCR marker array for molecular selection towards spring, vernalization-independent and winter, vernalization-responsive ecotypes of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.)

Abstract White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is an ancient grain legume that is still undergoing improvement of domestication traits, including vernalization-responsiveness, providing frost tolerance and preventing winter flowering in autumn-sowing agriculture, and vernalization-independence, conferring drought escape by rapid flowering in spring-sowing. A recent genome-wide association study highlighted several loci significantly associated with the most contrasting phenotypes, including deletions in the promoter of the FLOWERING LOCUS T homolog, LalbFTc1, and some DArT-seq/silicoDArT loci. The present study aimed to develop and validate a versatile PCR marker array enabling molecular selection of spring- and winter-type white lupin ecotypes. Candidate DArT-seq and silicoDArT loci were transformed into cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) or derived CAPS markers. Developed markers, together with those previously published for LalbFTc1 INDELs and quantitative trait loci from linkage maps, were implemented for screening of white lupin germplasm panel subjected to 2-year phenotyping of phenology traits. Three DArT-seq, two silicoDArT and seven LalbFTc1 INDEL markers were positively validated, constituting a convenient PCR-based marker assay for rapid and accurate reselection of white lupin germplasm towards early flowering and thermoneutrality or late flowering and vernalization-responsiveness, as well as for tracking high genetic and phenotypic diversity within white lupin landraces, revealed in the present study.

Construction and validation of nomograms to predict central lymph node metastasis in clinical node-negative unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma

Research on the effect of eco-friendly additives on selected parameters and microbial decomposition of marine diesel oil (MDO)

A novel IoT-based approach using fractional fuzzy Hamacher aggregation operators application in revolutionizing healthcare selection

Hypoglycemia and hospital mortality in critically ill patients

Analysis and optimization of threaded shear energy absorbing components of collision resistance hydraulic support columns

Tailoring PbTe quantum dot Size and morphology via ligand composition

The influence of different drying techniques on polyphenols profile (LC–MS-PDA-Q/TOF) of peach fruit and their pro-health properties by in vitro

Starch-rich plant foods 780,000 y ago: Evidence from Acheulian percussive stone tools

In contrast to animal foods, wild plants often require long, multistep processing techniques that involve significant cognitive skills and advanced toolkits to perform. These costs are thought to have hindered how hominins used these foods and delayed their adoption into our diets. Through the analysis of starch grains preserved on basalt anvils and percussors, we demonstrate that a wide variety of plants were processed by Middle Pleistocene hominins at the site of Gesher Benot Ya’aqov in Israel (33° 00’ 30” N, 35° 37’ 30” E), at least 780,000 y ago. These results further indicate the advanced cognitive abilities of our early ancestors, including their ability to collect plants from varying distances and from a wide range of habitats and to mechanically process them using percussive tools.

Understanding metro station areas’ functional characteristics via embedding representation: A case study of shanghai

Abstract As crucial transportation hubs for urban travel, metro stations catalyze the transformation of their surrounding areas into highly prominent locations where many activities converge. Uncovering the functional attributes of station areas holds immense significance in comprehending citizens’ activity demands, thereby offering valuable insights for regional development and planning in proximity to metro stations. This study introduces a framework that improves the process of accurately representing station areas. On the basis of the semantic vectors of point of interests (POI) categories trained by the GloVe model, the partition smooth inverse frequency (P-SIF) model and affinity propagation (AP) are employed to generate the embedding representations of station areas and categorize. Finally, we classify the station areas into 9 functional groups: and analyse the spatial distribution characteristics of each group. It is found that most of the station areas in Shanghai show the characteristics of mixed type, in which the characteristics of residential type and commercial type are obvious. In terms of spatial, the stations with commercial characteristics are mainly distributed in the central area of the city, while those with residential and working characteristics are scattered.

Author Correction: On physical analysis of topological indices and entropy measures for porphyrazine structure using logarithmic regression model

Retraction Note: Multivariate optimization of removing of cobalt(II) with an efficient aminated-GMA polypropylene adsorbent by induced-grafted polymerization under simultaneous gamma-ray irradiation

Efficient and rapid identification of tropical maize inbred lines tolerant to waterlogging stress

High organofluorine concentrations in municipal wastewater affect downstream drinking water supplies for millions of Americans

Wastewater receives per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from diverse consumer and industrial sources, and discharges are known to be a concern for drinking water quality. The PFAS family includes thousands of potential chemical structures containing organofluorine moieties. Exposures to a few well-studied PFAS, mainly perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA), have been associated with increased risk of many adverse health outcomes, prompting federal drinking water regulations for six compounds in 2024. Here, we find that the six regulated PFAS (mean = 7 to 8%) and 18 measured PFAA (mean = 11 to 21%) make up only a small fraction of the extractable organofluorine (EOF) in influent and effluent from eight large municipal wastewater treatment facilities. Most of the EOF in influent (75%) and effluent (62%) consists of mono- and polyfluorinated pharmaceuticals. The treatment technology and sizes of the treatment facilities in this study are similar to those serving 70% of the US population. Despite advanced treatment technologies, the maximum EOF removal efficiency among facilities in this work was <25%. Extrapolating our measurements to other large facilities across the United States results in a nationwide EOF discharge estimate of 1.0 to 2.8 million moles F y −1 . Using a national model that simulates connections between wastewater discharges and downstream drinking water intakes, we estimate that the sources of drinking water for up to 23 million Americans could be contaminated above regulatory thresholds by wastewater-derived PFAS alone. These results emphasize the importance of further curbing ongoing PFAS sources and additional evaluations of the fate and toxicity of fluorinated pharmaceuticals.