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Empowering Diastereoselective Cyclopropanation of Unactivated Alkenes with Sulfur Ylides through Nucleopalladation

Analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid microbial flora in COPD patients at different lung function during acute exacerbation

Iso-dibenzo[<i>g</i>,<i>p</i>]chrysene-Fused Bis-dicarbaporphyrin: Pd Coordination-Induced Global Aromaticity and Stabilization of Double In-Plane Pd(IV) Cations

Experiences and perceptions of employees and healthcare professionals on a multidisciplinary program for the secondary prevention of low back pain

Ultrasmall Organic Nanocrystal Photocatalyst Realizing Highly Efficient Symmetry Breaking Charge Separation and Transport

An ultra-broadband flexible conductor backed coplanar waveguide with triangular edges

Investigating Reactivity and Selectivity in a Palladium-Catalyzed Heteroleptic Ligand System for Electrophilic Arene Fluorination

The effect of incidental name similarity on favoritism in the Chinese financial market

Abstract Incidental similarities between individuals can sway professional judgment, sometimes resulting in people overstepping legal or ethical boundaries. Recent research on the US financial sector indicates that incidental name similarities between CEOs and securities analysts induce favoritism and lead to more accurate earnings forecasts, likely by facilitating unfair private information disclosure. This study investigates similar phenomena in China using richer datasets, including records of face-to-face interactions between analysts and company executives during corporate site visits. Interestingly, while the results confirm that Chinese analysts who share surnames with company executives exhibit favoritism, this favoritism manifests as overly optimistic earnings forecasts after corporate site visits. This is particularly notable with less common surnames. Our findings highlight the cultural specificity of surname-driven biases in social interactions.

Na[B₃IO₇(OH)] and Na₂[B₄IO₉](IO₃): Explorations of Boroiodates with Strong Second Harmonic Generation Response and Large Birefringence

Studying the efficacy of JBOL volatile components in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) using GC-MS and network pharmacology

Multifunctional Janus Nanoparticles Capable of Anchoring to the Cell Membrane and Serving as “Cellular Backpacks” for Advanced Theranostics

Granular soil particle breakage prediction model based on population evolution theory

Molecular Compasses for Modulating Electronic Communication in Pillar[5]quinone

HOXD1 regulates neural crest cells differentiation and polycerate development in sheep

Energetics of Covalent Bonding from Wave Function Tiles

Top-down effects of fire salamander larvae (Salamandra salamandra) on benthic organisms differs between habitat types

Abstract Fire salamander larvae are top predators in limnic habitats and feed on a wide spectrum of prey. For our study, we hypothesized that the larvae have a top-down effect on meiofauna, but that this effect varies depending on the habitat the larvae originate from. Therefore, we collected larvae from ponds and streams and placed them individually into microcosms with sediment and benthos. After either one week or two weeks, we removed the larvae and counted the number of nematodes, oligochaetes, and rotifers. Already after week one, the abundance of meiofauna was significantly reduced, as was their biomass. Nematodes were more strongly reduced by pond larvae during this week, while oligochaetes were primarily affected by stream larvae but not by pond larvae, regardless of the sampling time. The rotifers were reduced by larvae from both habitats, but only during the first week and not during the second week. Our findings suggest that fire salamander larvae not only have a top-down effect on pelagic or macrobenthic organisms, as often described in other studies, but can also shape the community of small endobenthic organisms. Depending on habitat-specific adaptations in feeding behavior, morphology, or physiology, these effects can vary.

Enantioselective Desymmetrization of Biaryls via Cooperative Photoredox/Brønsted Acid Catalysis and Its Application to the Total Synthesis of Ancistrobrevolines

Combined associations of physical activity, diet quality and their trajectories with incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in the EPIC-Norfolk Study

Abstract The combined impact of physical activity (PA), diet quality, and their change over time on cardiometabolic disease risk remains uncertain. We aimed to examine the associations between the combined trajectories of these health behaviours and the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among 9,276 middle-aged adults. In the EPIC-Norfolk study, longitudinal changes in PA energy expenditure (∆PAEE) and Mediterranean diet score (∆MDS) were derived from repeated measurements between 1993 and 2004. Over a median follow-up of 18 years, 968 participants developed DM and 2,540 developed CVD by 2022. In mutually adjusted Cox regression models, HR (95%CI) per 1-SD higher ∆PAEE and ∆MDS were 0.87 (0.81–0.94) and 0.92 (0.86–0.99) for incident DM, and 0.94 (0.89–0.99) and 0.93 (0.88–0.97) for incident CVD, respectively. Compared to participants with sustained low PAEE and MDS, those with sustained higher levels of both traits had a 40% (21-55%) lower incidence of DM and a 25% (11-37%) lower CVD incidence. At the population level, consistent favourable levels of activity and diet quality could reduce cumulative incidence of DM by 22% and CVD by 16%. The greatest benefit arises when an active lifestyle is combined with a high-quality diet, initiated earlier in adulthood, and maintained over time.

Expanding the Electrochemical Stability Window: Unraveling the Role of Solvent Polarity and a WiSE-Compatible Strategy

Characterization of respiratory particles released during continuous speech and its relation to mask performance

Abstract Revealing the physicochemical characteristics of exhaled particles is essential for understanding and efficiently mitigating the airborne spread of contagious human illnesses. Among the most pivotal factors, the number size distribution of emitted particles plays a crucial role when considering atmospheric dispersion. This study focuses on submicron particles emitted during speaking, with particular attention on the changes over time. Moreover, the real-world (source control) efficiency of three types of commonly used facemasks (FFP2, surgical and 2-layer cotton mask) under in vivo conditions was studied. A specially designed cabin ensured a controlled environment, where a set of experiments was conducted on 28 participants. Our findings revealed no substantial variability in the number size distribution among different individuals and pitches. However, the quantity of emitted particles varied significantly among individuals, with differences reaching nearly two orders of magnitude. Additionally, the emitted number of particles strongly depended on the speaking volume, decreasing as speech volume was reduced. Submicron particles originating from the lungs and upper airways exhibited a consistent bimodal pattern, with peaks around 300 nm and below 100 nm. FFP2 and surgery masks worn by the subjects demonstrated robust performance in real-world conditions characterized by 80% source control efficiency even for the smallest particle size ranges tested. At the same time, textile masks yielded less favourable results of 50–60% source control efficiency.