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Author Correction: Neuroprotective effects of melanins and melanin derivatives from Calvatia Craniiformis and Xylaria plebeja against Parkinsonian toxins
Understanding bones from the remote wilderness of Wyoming
Wild chimpanzee termite mound inspections converge with the onset of rain
Abstract How and when to inspect for hidden and ephemeral food sources presents a cognitive challenge for wild animals. Observational data suggests a high degree of seasonality in the chimpanzees’ preferred termite prey at the site of Issa Valley, Tanzania. This allows us to consider hypotheses on chimpanzees’ ability to predict termite activity and to efficiently forage for termites based on seasonal rainfall trends. We analyzed 6806 min (113 h) of camera trap videos recorded over 48 months (from 2016–2019) from termite mounds and documented chimpanzee inspection behavior in the Issa Valley, western Tanzania. Our results suggest that Issa chimpanzees initiated foraging for termites, adjusted the period in which they prepared tools in advance, and inspected termite mounds in association with rainfall trends. Chimpanzee planning and foraging behaviors have implications for hominin decision making, forethought, and seasonal landscape utilization.
The dangerous fantasies driving the quest for super-intelligent AI
‘I’m touching space’: the fascinating insights meteorites can bring us
How the United States became a science superpower — and how quickly it could crumble
Ambient-pressure superconductivity onset above 40 K in (La,Pr)3Ni2O7 films
Asymmetric Cascade Photocycloaddition-Acyloin Rearrangement Enabled by Cage-Confined Visible-Light Catalysis
Correlation between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and chronic pain: a survey of adults in Japan
Abstract This cross-sectional epidemiological internet survey assessed whether attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms are associated with pain chronicity and intensity and explored the relationship between developmental disorder symptoms and pain. Participants were 4028 adults aged 20–64 years who experienced pain, assessed using an 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS), in any body part in the previous 4 weeks. ADHD and ASD symptoms were assessed using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and autism spectrum quotient, respectively. Problems with mental health (PMH) were assessed using the shortened Profile of Mood States. Pathway analyses were performed to examine the association between ADHD symptoms and pain. The chronic pain symptoms (CP) group (N = 1465) scored higher than the non-CP group (N = 2563) for all ASRS variables. ASRS positivity was associated with CP symptoms and increased with increasing NRS score; the CP group showed particularly high positivity (38.3%) with extreme pain. ADHD symptoms were more strongly associated with CP symptoms and intensity than was PMH (0.26 vs. 0.09). ADHD symptoms, but not ASD symptoms, were associated with CP symptoms. ADHD medications reportedly improve coexisting CP; therefore, ADHD screening and treatment may be important for patients with CP, especially those with extreme pain.
Water-Mediated Radical Kinetic Resolution of Terminal Activated N-Carbamate Aziridines
Screening halotolerant bacteria for their potential as plant growth-promoting and coal-solubilizing agents
Abstract The bioconversion of salinized land into healthy agricultural systems by utilizing low-rank coal (LRC) is a strategic approach for sustainable agricultural development. The aims of this study were: (1) to isolate bacterial strains associated with the rhizosphere of native plants in coal-containing soils, (2) to characterize their plant growth-promoting (PGP) and coal-solubilizing capabilities under laboratory conditions and (3) to evaluate their influence on the germination and growth of chia seeds under saline stress. Fourteen bacterial cultures were isolated from the rhizosphere of Artemisia annua L. using culture media containing salt and coal. Based on their PGP activities (nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, siderophore and indole-3-acetic acid production), five strains were selected, belonging to the genera Bacillus, Phyllobacterium, Arthrobacter, and Pseudomonas. Solubilization assays were conducted to confirm the ability of these strains to utilize coal efficiently. Finally, the selected strains were inoculated with chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) to evaluate their ameliorating effect under saline stress conditions in coal-containing media. Inoculation with A. subterraneus Y1 resulted in the highest germination and growth metrics of chia seeds. A positive but comparatively weaker response was observed with P. frederiksbergensis AMA1 and B. paramycoides Lb-1 as inoculants. Coal inoculated with halotolerant bacteria can serve as the foundation for humified organic matter in salt-affected environments. The selected halotolerant bacteria enhance coal biotransformation while exhibiting PGP traits.