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Carbon subsurface traffic jam as driver for methane oxidation activity and selectivity on palladium surfaces
Abstract Separating how surface and subsurface species affect catalytic function is a challenging task in heterogeneous catalysis, particularly when deposition and segregation take place at reaction conditions. Here, we report on an operando approach to establish surface/subsurface/function correlations. Using temperature modulations we oscillate carbon deposition and segregation over a Pd catalyst. Catalytic composition and function are monitored during methane oxidation showing that the surface coverage of carbon drives partial oxidation to CO, while subsurface carbon controls the overall methane turnover. Also, we show that a carbon traffic jam in the subsurface leads to a shifting selectivity from H 2 to H 2 O formation, highlighting the importance of the catalyst subsurface for the catalytic reaction.
Unraveling molecular mechanisms of cigarette smoke bitterness via chemical profiling and bitter taste receptor activation analysis
Locking small solvents by hypercrosslinked polymers towards sterically hindered organogels
Regional variations in plantar fascia elasticity and their association with pain in plantar fasciitis: a cross-sectional study
Deep learning approach for screening neonatal cerebral lesions on ultrasound in China
Abstract Timely and accurate diagnosis of severe neonatal cerebral lesions is critical for preventing long-term neurological damage and addressing life-threatening conditions. Cranial ultrasound is the primary screening tool, but the process is time-consuming and reliant on operator’s proficiency. In this study, a deep-learning powered neonatal cerebral lesions screening system capable of automatically extracting standard views from cranial ultrasound videos and identifying cases with severe cerebral lesions is developed based on 8,757 neonatal cranial ultrasound images. The system demonstrates an area under the curve of 0.982 and 0.944, with sensitivities of 0.875 and 0.962 on internal and external video datasets, respectively. Furthermore, the system outperforms junior radiologists and performs on par with mid-level radiologists, with 55.11% faster examination efficiency. In conclusion, the developed system can automatically extract standard views and make correct diagnosis with efficiency from cranial ultrasound videos and might be useful to deploy in multiple application scenarios.
Machine learning aided optoelectric characterization modelling and prediction of the IV parameters of perovskite solar cells with > 90% accuracy
Highly stable and efficient copper(I) sensitizer for narrowband red organic light-emitting diodes with an operational lifetime (LT95) of up to 3689 h at 1000 cd m−2
Micro-computed tomography to visualize preserved vascular architecture in decellularized human vaginal tissue: explorative study
Abstract When a vagina is dysfunctional or absent, a neovagina is typically created using an intestinal or dermal graft. This causes complications and complaints from different inherent tissue properties. We recently developed an organ-specific matrix from healthy, human vaginal wall tissue by decellularization, and demonstrated native-like matrix protein composition and mechanical properties. However, the preservation of its vascular structures is unknown, but plays a crucial role for recellularization, tissue survival and graft integration during clinical applicability. Therefore, in this explorative study the vascular architecture of human native and decellularized vagina tissue were assessed and compared. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was used to analyze and quantify the three-dimensional micromorphology of blood vessels within native and decellularized human tissue. The vascular density, connectivity, length and thickness was determined for 11 test volumes from three healthy transgender donors. At a 5 μm isotropic voxel size resolution, quantitative assessment demonstrated no significant changes of the vascular density upon decellularization. However, significant decellularization-induced changes were seen for vascular connectivity (P < 0.001), vascular thickness (P < 0.01) and vascular length (P < 0.001). Micro-CT imaging is an effective strategy for high-resolution analysis of blood vessel structures in human (vaginal) tissue, and in bio-engineered tissue constructs. Despite significant loss of small capillaries, preservation of vascular architecture in chemically decellularized tissue was confirmed for large vascular structures through intra-patient comparison with native tissue. This validates an important aspect and predictor for functionality of a human vagina-specific matrix in terms of graft survival and integration.
Non–linear bonding trends in maleonitrile-1,2–dithiolate complexes of the transuranium actinides
Association of possible sarcopenia and its components with all-cause mortality in a middle-aged and older population: a 9-year cohort study
Abstract The association of possible sarcopenia and its components with all-cause mortality needs further study. This study analyzed the association of possible sarcopenia, handgrip strength and 5-time chair stand test with all-cause mortality in a Chinese middle-aged and older community population. This cohort study included a total of 11,233 participants aged ≥ 45 years from the 2011–2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Diagnostic criteria for possible sarcopenia are based on Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019: low handgrip strength or 5-time chair stand test ≥ 12 s. The association of possible sarcopenia and its components with all-cause mortality was assessed by Cox proportional risk models. The results showed that possible sarcopenia was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.77 (1.55–2.02), p < 0.001. Both low handgrip strength and 5-time chair stand test ≥ 12 s significantly increased the risk of all-cause mortality, with HRs and 95%CIs of 1.51 (1.18–1.93), P = 0.001 and 1.61 (1.39–1.87), P < 0.001, respectively; when both were present, the risk of all-cause mortality was further elevated, HR and 95%CI 2.54 (2.11–3.06), P < 0.001. Possible sarcopenia and its components are all associated with a higher mortality and it is important to identify these risk factors in primary care.