Browse Articles
Discover research articles across all indexed journals
Large-scale newborn screening for organic acidemias in Quanzhou, China: a 10-year retrospective observational study
Miniaturized Mg3Bi2-based thermoelectric cooler for localized electronic thermal management
Correction: Photocatalytic degradation of azithromycin and ceftriaxone using synthesized Ag/g-C3N4/Fe3O4 nanocomposites in aqueous solution
Reduced Antarctic Bottom Water overturning rate during the early last deglaciation inferred from radiocarbon records
Modeling bacterial growth and Allee effect via Allen-Cahn theoretical framework
The role of phytoplankton in structuring global oceanic dissolved organic carbon pools
Profiling disease experience in patients living with brain aneurysms by analyzing multimodal clinical data and quality of life measures
Abstract To explore the mental and physical health (MH, PH) on individuals living with brain aneurysms and to profile their differences in disease experience. In N = 111 patients the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) was assessed via an online survey; Supplementary data included angiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings (including AI-based brain Lesion Volume analyses in ml, or LV). Correlation and regression analyses were conducted (including biological sex, age, overall brain LV, PH, MH). Disease profiles were determined using principal component analysis. Compared to the German normative cohort, patients exhibited overall lower SF-36 scores. In regression analyses, the DW was predictable by PH (β = 0.345) and MH (β=-0.646; R = 0.557; p < 0.001). Vasospasm severity correlated significantly with LV (r = 0.242, p = 0.043), MH (r=-0.321, p = 0.043), and PH (r=-0.372, p = 0.028). Higher LV were associated with poorer PH (r=-0.502, p = 0.001), unlike MH (p > 0.05). Main disease profiles were identified: (1) those with increased LV post-rupture (high DW); (2) older individuals with stable aneurysms (low DW); (3) revealing a sex disparity in QoL despite similar vasospasm severity; and 4), focused on chronic pain and its impact on daily tasks. Two sub-profiles highlighted trauma-induced impairments, functional disabilities from LV, and persistent anxiety. Reduced thalamic and pallidal volumes were linked to low QoL following subarachnoid hemorrhage. MH has a greater impact on life quality compared to physical disabilities, leading to prolonged DW. A singular physical impairment was rather atypical for a perceived worse outcome. Patient profiles revealed that clinical history, sex, psychological stress, and pain each contribute uniquely to QoL and work capacity. Prioritizing MH in assessing workability and rehabilitation is crucial for survivors’ long-term outcome.
Nanopore sequencing of intact aminoacylated tRNAs
Abstract The intricate landscape of tRNA modification presents persistent analytical challenges, which have impeded efforts to simultaneously resolve sequence, modification, and aminoacylation state at the level of individual tRNAs. To address these challenges, we introduce “aa-tRNA-seq”, an integrated method that uses chemical ligation to sandwich the amino acid of a charged tRNA in between the body of the tRNA and an adaptor oligonucleotide, followed by high throughput nanopore sequencing. Our approach reveals the identity of the amino acids attached to all tRNAs in a cellular sample, at the single molecule level. We describe machine learning models that enable the accurate identification of amino acid identities based on the unique signal distortions generated by the interactions between the amino acid in the RNA backbone and the nanopore motor protein and reader head. We apply aa-tRNA-seq to characterize the impact of the loss of specific tRNA modification enzymes, confirming the hypomodification-associated instability of specific tRNAs, and identifying additional candidate targets of modification. Our studies lay the groundwork for understanding the efficiency and fidelity of tRNA aminoacylation as a function of tRNA sequence, modification, and environmental conditions.
Relationship between triglyceride and glucose related indexes and MAFLD in rural populations of northwest China
Molecular mechanisms of thiazide-like diuretics-mediated inhibition of the human Na-Cl cotransporter
Abstract Thiazide-type and thiazide-like diuretics are structurally distinct first-line antihypertensive drugs that target the sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC) in the kidney. Thiazide-like diuretics are reported to have better cardioprotective effects than thiazide-type diuretics, but whether this is due to differences in NCC-inhibition mechanisms, if there is any, remains unclear. To understand the molecular mechanisms of NCC inhibition by thiazide-like diuretics, we determine the structures of human NCC (hNCC) bound to two of the most widely used thiazide-like diuretics, chlorthalidone and indapamide, using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Structural analyses reveal shared features and distinctions between NCC-inhibition by thiazide-like and thiazide-type diuretics. Furthermore, structural comparisons allow us to identify polymorphisms in hNCC that have substantial differential effects on the potencies of specific thiazide-like and thiazide-type diuretics. Our work provides important insights into the molecular pharmacology of NCC and a blueprint for developing precision medicine to manage hypertension with thiazide-like and thiazide-type diuretics.
A predictive study of factors associated with burnout, compassion fatigue, and moral distress among emergency nurses
Spatial confined hot carrier dynamics for beyond unity quantum efficiency detection
Comparison of conventional laparoscopic hysterectomy and vNOTES hysterectomy in previous pelvic surgery: a retrospective study
Amphoteric coplanar conjugated molecules enabling efficient and stable perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells
An approach to using stranding data to monitor cetacean population trends and guide conservation strategies
Abstract Growing anthropogenic pressures increasingly impact marine wildlife, with cetaceans being particularly vulnerable to cumulative effects of stressors due to their position as top predators. As sensors and sentinels of ocean health, cetaceans offer critical insight into known and emerging threats to marine ecosystems. Stranding schemes provide a cost-effective means to assess mortality rates and population demographics, offering insights that are often challenging to obtain through live monitoring. Using a 30-year dataset from the Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme (SMASS) we demonstrate how opportunistically obtained stranding data can be used to monitor populations and guide conservation strategies. Species were clustered into broad ecological groups - baleen whales, short-beaked common dolphins, deep divers, harbour porpoises and pelagic dolphins - for spatiotemporal analysis of stranding patterns. All groups showed increases in annual stranding rates over the study period, with common dolphins and baleen whales exhibiting exponential increases, suggesting these species may be facing heightened pressures. Distinct seasonal and spatial trends were detected, with harbour porpoises predominantly stranding on the east coast and other groups clustering to Scotland’s west coast. Identifying these trends helps focus surveillance and mitigation efforts, underscoring the importance of this approach for monitoring vulnerable species.
Quantum transport protected by acceleration from nonadiabaticity and dissipation
Abstract We put forth a hitherto unexplored control strategy that enables high-fidelity fast transport of an unstable quantum wavepacket even in the presence of bath-induced dissipation. The wavepacket, which is confined within any shallow (anharmonic) potential trap is steered in acceleration, so as to maximize the transfer fidelity. This strategy can generally optimize any non-Markovian bath-dressed continuous-variable system dynamics. It can simultaneously cope with wavepacket leakage via non-adiabatic transitions and bath-induced dissipation in an optimal fashion. It can outperform methods based on counterdiabatic fields (shortcuts to adiabaticity) particularly for fast non-adiabatic transport. Transport fidelity is maximized even for trajectories exceeding the speed of bath-excitation propagation, e.g., for supersonic transfer through phonon baths. This general approach is illustrated for optimized transfer of impurities in Bose-Einstein condensates. It is applicable to both dissipative and non-dissipative transfer of trapped atoms and ions and molecular reaction products.
A comprehensive deep learning approach to improve enchondroma detection on X-ray images
Abstract An enchondroma is a benign neoplasm of mature hyaline cartilage that proliferates from the medullary cavity toward the cortical bone. This results in the formation of a significant endogenous mass within the medullary cavity. Although enchondromas are predominantly asymptomatic, they may exhibit various clinical manifestations contingent on the size of the lesion, its localization, and the characteristics observed on radiological imaging. This study aimed to identify and present cases of bone tissue enchondromas to field specialists as preliminary data. In this study, authentic X-ray radiographs of patients were obtained following ethical approval and subjected to preprocessing. The images were then annotated by orthopedic oncology specialists using advanced, state-of-the-art object detection algorithms trained with diverse architectural frameworks. All processes, from preprocessing to identifying pathological regions using object detection systems, underwent rigorous cross-validation and oversight by the research team. After performing various operations and procedural steps, including modifying deep learning architectures and optimizing hyperparameters, enchondroma formation in bone tissue was successfully identified. This achieved an average precision of 0.97 and an accuracy rate of 0.98, corroborated by medical professionals. A comprehensive study incorporating 1055 authentic patient data from multiple healthcare centers will be a pioneering investigation that introduces innovative approaches for delivering preliminary insights to specialists concerning bone radiography.
Sustainable and Orthogonally Closed-Loop Recyclable Acetal-Based Long-Chain Polyesters
Multi-ancestry meta-analysis of keloids uncovers novel susceptibility loci in diverse populations
Abstract Keloids are raised scars that grow beyond original wound boundaries, resulting in pain and disfigurement. Reasons for keloid development are not well-understood, and current treatment options are limited. Keloids are more likely to occur in darker-skinned individuals of African and Asian descent than in Europeans. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) examining keloid risk across and within continental ancestry groups, incorporating 7837 cases and 1,593,009 controls. We detected 26 loci in the multi-ancestry analysis, 12 of which replicated in an independent dataset. Heritability estimates were 6%, 21%, and 34% for the European, East Asian, and African ancestry analyses, respectively. Genetically predicted gene expression and colocalization analyses identified 27 gene-tissue pairs, nine in skin and fibroblasts. Pathway analyses implicated integrin signaling and upstream regulators involved in cancer, fibrosis, and sex hormone signaling. This investigation nearly quintuples the number of keloid-associated risk loci, illuminating biological processes in keloid pathology.