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An ART-fold Rhs toxin from Pluralibacter gergoviae defines Tne5, a novel family of NAD(P) glycohydrolases effectors

Goblet-Like P-Driven Pt ₃ Mn Alloys Enable High Power Density and 1000 h Durability in Practical Fuel Cells

EsxA is required for antibacterial toxin export by the type VIIb secretion system

<i>N</i> -Sulfinyl Phthalimides as Modular Sulfinyl Radical Precursors: PRE-Guided Chemoselective Alkene Difunctionalization and Radical Cross-Coupling

Synthesis of Chonemorphol A, Chonemorphol C, and Ecdysantheroside A Aglycone From Simple Steroids

ABSTRACT High‐oxidation‐state steroids, often with appealing medicinal value, are challenging synthetic targets. Introducing the desired oxidation states is often difficult. Herein, we report a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction strategy to enable the quick construction of complex steroids bearing adjacent oxidized angular methyl and tertiary hydroxy groups through difunctionalization of a tetrasubstituted olefin. To maximize the effectiveness of this synthetic strategy, a five‐step synthetic sequence was devised to prepare the desired intermediate from commercially available steroids. The new chemistry not only promoted stereospecific relocation of the original angular methyl group in steroids from C13 to C17 but also enabled the oxidation of this methyl group and the creation of a tetrasubstituted double bond between C13 and C14. Using an uncommon alkoxynitrile oxide as the 1,3‐dipole, difunctionalization of the tetrasubstituted double bond was carried out smoothly by a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction, with installation of two adjacent tetrasubstituted stereogenic centers at C13 and C14 in one step. Based on the above synthetic design, we have synthesized chonemorphol C from epiandrosterone in 8 steps, as well as ecdysantheroside A aglycone and chonemorphol A from 3 β ‐acetoxyandrost‐5‐en‐17‐one in 10 steps and 14 steps, respectively.

Cell type-specific expression and subcellular localization of the human insulin upstream open reading frame (INSU) protein in pancreatic β-cells

Singlet Fission among Two Single Molecules

A covalent inhibitor targeting Cys-349 of LIMK1 confers selectivity over LIMK2

Late-Stage <i>N</i> -Adamantylation of Pyridines

Proton pump rhodopsins for optogenetic manipulation of biological activities and beyond

Ultrafast Joule-Heating Disproportionation for Engineering Sub-2 nm Si Nanodomains toward Stable, High-Performance SiO Anodes

Hydrogen-deuterium exchange points to inter-domain interactions in reverse gyrase that modulate conformational changes in positive DNA supercoiling

Cation-π and Electrostatic Interplay in Ultraselective Polymeric Nanofluidics for Exceptional Osmotic Energy Conversion Efficiency

Alpha-cell glucagon is essential for maintaining β-cell function and identity in adult mice

Sulfonyl-γ-AAs as Turn Templates Inducing β-Sheet Conformation in Macrocyclic Peptides

Differential ErbB receptor dimerization modulates the ability of EGF receptor ligands to regulate metabolic flux

Synthesis and Properties of Stable Oxo-Bridged Dinuclear Pr ^IV Complexes

Inversed Cation Size Effects on Methanol Formations From CO ₂ Electroreduction by Immobilized Cobalt Phthalocyanine

ABSTRACT The electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 to methanol offers a compelling pathway for sustainable fuel synthesis, wherein cations in the electric double layer (EDL) exert a substantial influence on catalytic performance. Although cation modulation of CO 2 ‐to‐CO conversion has been extensively documented, its influence on downstream reduction pathways toward CH 3 OH has received comparatively little attention. Using multiscale simulation, we establish that methanol synthesis over immobilized cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) is kinetically governed by the final proton transfer (*CH 2 OH + H 2 O → * + CH 3 OH + OH − ). The EDL environment substantially accelerates this rate‐determining step (RDS). Moreover, the activity exhibits a clear dependence on cation radius, following the trend Li + &gt; Na + &gt; K + &gt; Cs + , with smaller cations systematically lowering the proton transfer barrier. This trend stems from the enhanced accessibility of smaller cations to the transition state, where Li + achieves tighter coordination than Cs + , conferring greater electrostatic stabilization and a correspondingly reduced barrier. Conversely, smaller cations attenuate the hydrogen‐bond network surrounding OH − , potentially impeding OH − transfer from the catalyst surface to the bulk electrolyte. These multifaceted cation effects underscore the complex interplay between kinetic promotion and mass transfer limitations in electrocatalytic systems.

A novel sorting method uncovers metabolic heterogeneity between mononucleated and binucleated tetraploid hepatocytes

Air Instability-Induced Mechanical Degradation Plaguing Cyclability of Polycrystalline Nickel-Rich Layered Cathode