Browse Articles

DECIPHER for learning disentangled cellular embeddings in large-scale heterogeneous spatial omics data

Diabetes trends and determinants among Thai adults from 2004 to 2020

Unraveling the Full Photochromic Reaction Pathway of Binaphthyl-Bridged Imidazole Dimers

Segregation of endoderm and mesoderm germ layer identities in the diploblast Nematostella vectensis

Abstract A recent study suggested that morphologically diploblastic sea anemones (Cnidaria) have three segregated germ layer identities corresponding to the bilaterian germ layers. Here, we investigated how these germ layer identities are specified during early development of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis . Our gene expression analysis shows that the mesodermal territory is specified at the animal pole at 6 h postfertilization, followed by the specification of the definitive endoderm between mesoderm and ectoderm. We then assessed the role of β-catenin, MAPK, and Notch signaling during mesoderm and endoderm formation. We show that the mesodermal marker genes are activated by MAPK signaling while being repressed elsewhere by β-catenin signaling. Delta-expressing mesoderm then signals to Notch-expressing ectoderm, inducing the definitive endoderm domain at the mesoderm/ectoderm interface. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed that Notch signaling is sufficient for endoderm induction. Based on our results, we propose a model of germ layer specification in Nematostella defined by a crosstalk of MAPK, β-catenin, and Notch signaling. Given the similarity of the germ layer specification between the sea anemone and echinoderms, we propose that triploblasty may have predated the split of cnidarians and bilaterians.

Optimizing rural building design with an intelligent framework integrating BES ANN and MCDM

Photoinduced Charge Transfer at Discrete Molecular Interfaces in Cocrystals

CFP1 promotes germinal center affinity maturation and restrains memory B cell differentiation through H3K4me3 modulation

A comprehensive qualitative analysis of patient dialogue summarization using large language models applied to noisy, informal, non-English real-world data

Locating Organocatalysts at Pickering Droplet Interfaces Enables Promotion of Their Catalytic Enantioselectivity

Hepatitis C virus NS3 helicase contributes to (−) strand RNA synthesis

Abstract Many positive strand RNA viruses encode helicases, but their distinct functions in viral replication cycles is poorly understood. Here, we identify a mutation in the helicase domain of HCV non-structural protein 3 (NS3h), D1467G, which specifically affects (−) strand synthesis, phenocopying mutations in the 3’ untranslated region of the genome. D1467G does not impair helicase activity in vitro or the binding of NS3h to critical cis-acting RNA elements, but reduces the interaction of NS3h and NS5B polymerase, potentially contributing to defective (−) strand synthesis. AlphaFold predictions of complexes between NS3h, RNA and/or NS5B suggest that NS3h both remodels the cis-acting RNA elements and unwinds the terminal stem-loop of the HCV genome rendering the template accessible for de novo initiation of (−) strand synthesis by NS5B. Overall, our study provides evidence for a defined function of a viral helicase in (−) strand genome synthesis of a positive strand RNA virus.

The relationship between cloud distribution characteristics and meteorological elements over China

A closer look at how cells sense dietary nutrients

Biocatalyzed Lactate Oxidation Enables Efficient Bias-Free Hydrogen Production in a Three-Chamber Reactor

Genetic engineering of Sorangium cellulosum reveals hidden enzymology in myxobacterial natural product biosynthesis

Metabolomic profile associated with preeclampsia and its severity: a case-control study in Colombian pregnant women

Distal Mutations in a Designed Retro-Aldolase Alter Loop Dynamics to Shift and Accelerate the Rate-Limiting Step

Basis for selective drug evasion of an aminoglycoside-resistance ribosomal RNA modification

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding breast cancer screening and associated factors among female undergraduate students at Bonga University, Ethiopia

Heteropolynuclear Lanthanide(III) Complexes for Cooperative Sensitization Upconversion in Water

Elliptic anisotropy measurement of the f0(980) hadron in proton-lead collisions and evidence for its quark-antiquark composition

Abstract Despite the f0(980) hadron having been discovered half a century ago, the question about its quark content has not been settled: it might be an ordinary quark-antiquark ( $${{\rm{q}}}\overline{{{\rm{q}}}}$$ q q ¯ ) meson, a tetraquark ( $${{\rm{q}}}\overline{{{\rm{q}}}}{{\rm{q}}}\overline{{{\rm{q}}}}$$ q q ¯ q q ¯ ) exotic state, a kaon-antikaon ( $${{\rm{K}}}\overline{{{\rm{K}}}}$$ K K ¯ ) molecule, or a quark-antiquark-gluon ( $${{\rm{q}}}\overline{{{\rm{q}}}}{{\rm{g}}}$$ q q ¯ g ) hybrid. This paper reports strong evidence that the f0(980) state is an ordinary $${{\rm{q}}}\overline{{{\rm{q}}}}$$ q q ¯ meson, inferred from the scaling of elliptic anisotropies (v 2) with the number of constituent quarks (n q), as empirically established using conventional hadrons in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The f0(980) state is reconstructed via its dominant decay channel f0(980) → π + π −, in proton-lead collisions recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC, and its v 2 is measured as a function of transverse momentum (p T). It is found that the n q = 2 ( $${{\rm{q}}}\overline{{{\rm{q}}}}$$ q q ¯ state) hypothesis is favored over n q = 4 ( $${{\rm{q}}}\overline{{{\rm{q}}}}{{\rm{q}}}\overline{{{\rm{q}}}}$$ q q ¯ q q ¯ or $${{\rm{K}}}\overline{{{\rm{K}}}}$$ K K ¯ states) by 7.7, 6.3, or 3.1 standard deviations in the p T < 10, 8, or 6 GeV/c ranges, respectively, and over n q = 3 ( $${{\rm{q}}}\overline{{{\rm{q}}}}{{\rm{g}}}$$ q q ¯ g hybrid state) by 3.5 standard deviations in the p T < 8 GeV/c range. This result represents the first determination of the quark content of the f0(980) state, made possible by using a novel approach, and paves the way for similar studies of other exotic hadron candidates.