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Oxymatrine suppresses neuroinflammation via promoting microglial M2 polarization through FTO-dependent m6A demethylation of PGC-1α mRNA

Catalytic Functionalization of Unactivated π‐Bonds Enabled by Bidentate Directing Auxiliaries

ABSTRACT Catalytic functionalization of unactivated π‐bonds is a cornerstone of modern organic synthesis, offering efficient pathways to complex molecules. The emergence of the bidentate directing auxiliary strategy has fundamentally reshaped and significantly broadened the scope of transition‐metal‐catalyzed π‐bond functionalization. A key feature of this strategy is the formation of chelated intermediates where the bidentate directing auxiliary, tethered to the alkene or alkyne substrate, coordinates strongly to the transition metal catalyst. This chelation provides numerous advantages, including enhanced reaction kinetics, superior chemoselectivity, and improved catalyst efficiency, thereby enabling previously challenging reaction types on unactivated π‐bonds. This review highlights the recent significant progress in π‐bond functionalization enabled by bidentate directing auxiliaries, focusing on transformations catalyzed by palladium, nickel, copper, and other transition metals. We systematically discuss major reaction types, including hydrofunctionalization, difunctionalization, and C–H activation across various substrates, while emphasizing the underlying design principles that govern reactivity and selectivity in these systems.

Optimizing energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks through advanced cluster-based routing protocols

Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained significant attention in recent research due to their potential in various applications. However, energy conservation remains a critical challenge, as the nodes within these networks operate on non-replaceable batteries. This paper introduces a cluster-based proactive routing protocol designed for three-tier energy-heterogeneous WSNs, aiming to enhance network lifetime and energy efficiency. The proposed protocol incorporates a modified threshold-based cluster head (CH) selection mechanism, which considers both the energy levels and distances of sensor nodes (SNs) relative to the base station (BS). This approach prioritizes nodes with higher energy and closer proximity to the BS, increasing their likelihood of being elected as CHs. Furthermore, this protocol minimizes the formation of unnecessary CHs, particularly for SNs with low remaining energy, thereby reducing energy waste. Moreover, the proposed protocol is modified to address the challenge of long transmission distances for low-power nodes by strategically deploying them in specific network zones, thus further optimizing energy efficiency. Simulation results demonstrate that the modified protocol outperforms existing protocols such as SEP, IMPLEACH, and EEECA-THWSN in terms of total network lifetime, stability period (first node death), half-node death, last node death, throughput, and normalized remaining energy. Numerically, the proposed protocol with normal zone improves network performance, achieving an increase of up to 27% in network lifetime and throughput compared to other protocols.

Enhanced CO ₂ Activation Through Spin States Engineering Boosting Urea Electrosynthesis From Co‐Reduction of CO ₂ and NO ₂ ⁻

ABSTRACT Electrocatalytic urea synthesis through co‐reduction of CO 2 and NO 3 − /NO 2 − has been considered as a sustainable alternative for urea production. However, the challenge for inert CO 2 activation results in inefficient C‐containing species coverage, leading to low urea yield and dominant NH 3 production. Herein, we design a Cu‐Mn dual‐site catalyst by co‐embedding CuO x clusters and single‐atomic Mn sites on C 3 N 4 ‐coated carbon nanotubes (CuO x /Mn 1 ‐C 3 N 4 @CNT) for urea electrosynthesis through co‐reduction of CO 2 and NO 2 − . Experimental and theoretical results show that the electron transfer from CuO x clusters to single‐atomic Mn sites induces Mn 3d electron delocalization and further spin configuration transformation from low spin states to high spin states. The electronic states regulation improves electron‐donation ability of Mn sites to substrates and enables the enhanced CO 2 activation and C‐containing intermediates adsorption behavior, facilitating coupling with N‐intermediates. Consequently, the CuO x /Mn 1 ‐C 3 N 4 @CNT catalyst achieves 60.2% urea Faradaic efficiency at −0.4 V (vs. RHE), 100% carbon selectivity over a record‐wide potential range of 300 mV, and exceptional 336 h cycling stability with 202.4 mg urea production. This work reveals a clear mechanism for performance enhancement through electronic interactions of dual sites and provides a dual‐substrate conversion catalyst design strategy.

Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver subtypes in Malaysia

Dysregulation of miRNA expression and 3′UTR length variation in target mRNAs in the testes of dogs with cryptorchidism

The relationships between the physical fitness levels of geriatric individuals and their static and dynamic balance

Peripheral B-cell receptor repertoire predicts immune-related adverse events following immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma

Explainable detection of goldenhar syndrome using an OD-Mamba backbone for rare craniofacial disorder diagnosis

Age-related odor and design buffering in elderly solo housing: two-stage study of visitor behavioral intention

Evaluating hydrogel efficacy on biomass and survival of Casuarina equisetifolia L. and Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. ex R. Br. seedlings

Incorporation of Novel Synthetic Glycolipids in Liposomal Nanoparticles Affects Opsonization and In Vivo Clearance

ABSTRACT Mimicking cell membrane glycocalyx, saccharide modification of nanoparticles offers a potent means to regulate their in vivo fate. Here, we investigate how glycosylation (i.e., glucose, galactose, fructose, mannose, and N ‐acetylglucosamine) regulates liposomal nanoparticle interactions with plasma proteins and immune cells, which further determine their biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy. While fructose conferred the greatest enhancement in tumor cell uptake in vitro, N ‐acetylglucosamine‐modified nanoparticles achieved the highest tumor accumulation and markedly attenuated systemic clearance in vivo, highlighting a pronounced disparity between in vitro and in vivo performance. The compromised in vivo efficacy of glycosylated nanoparticles was linked to significant clearance in blood, liver, and spleen, primarily mediated by blood monocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and splenic macrophages. Proteomics revealed that adsorption of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and complement C3 facilitates in vivo clearance of nanoparticles. Moreover, IgG deposition further promotes subsequent C3 binding. Notably, N ‐acetylglucosamine markedly mitigates IgG and C3 adsorption, leading to prolonged circulation and enhanced tumor accumulation and inhibition. Benefiting from glycosylation‐regulated protein corona, doxorubicin‐loaded N ‐acetylglucosamine‐modified liposomal nanoparticles achieved superior antitumor efficacy compared with other glycosylated formulations. This study establishes a clear correlation between glycosyl ligand identity, protein corona composition, and in vivo performance, providing fundamental insights for rational design and clinical translation of glycosylated nanomedicines.

Retraction Note: Prediction of DDoS attacks in agriculture 4.0 with the help of prairie dog optimization algorithm with IDSNet

BIS-guided light versus deep general anesthesia on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older patients with regional nerve block: a randomised controlled trial

Abstract Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common and serious complication in older surgical patients. The impact of anesthetic depth on cognitive recovery, particularly when combined with regional analgesia, requires further elucidation. In this single-center, prospective, randomized, assessor-blinded trial, A total of 100 Older Patients (≥ 60 years) scheduled for elective lower limb orthopedic surgery were enrolled. All patients received an ultrasound-guided iliofascial block. They were then randomly assigned to receive either Bispectral index(BIS) guided light anesthesia (BIS 50–60, n = 50) or deep anesthesia (BIS < 45, n = 50)[1]. The primary outcome was the trajectory of cognitive function assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of POCD, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), intraoperative burst suppression, and hospital length of stay. Compared with the deep anesthesia group, the light anesthesia group was associated with significantly better postoperative cognitive function. MoCA scores were higher in the light anesthesia group at all postoperative time points (all p  < 0.01). The incidence of POCD on postoperative day 1 was markedly lower in the light anesthesia group (14.0% vs. 42.0%; p  = 0.002). Patients receiving light anesthesia also had a lower incidence of PONV (16.0% vs. 40.0%; p  = 0.008), a lower incidence of intraoperative burst suppression (20.0% vs. 48.0%; p  = 0.003), and a significantly shorter median hospital stay (7.0 vs. 9.5 days; p  = 0.01). In Older Patients undergoing lower limb surgery with regional nerve blockade, a BIS-guided light anesthesia strategy, compared with a deep anesthesia strategy, resulted in better early postoperative cognitive recovery, a lower risk of POCD, and improved quality of recovery, characterised by fewer complications and a shorter hospital stay.

Correction: EGCG regulates the cross-talk between JWA and topoisomerase IIα in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells

Association of anti-catecholaminergic antiarrhythmic drugs with survival in sepsis-associated new-onset atrial fibrillation

Abstract Sepsis-induced new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is a potentially life-threatening arrhythmogenic complication, partially driven by catecholamine-mediated atrial remodeling. While β-adrenergic receptor blockers may mitigate this pathophysiology through sympatholytic and rate-controlling mechanisms, their association with patient survival remains incompletely characterized due to heterogeneous evidence. To elucidate the association between the administration of anti-catecholaminergic antiarrhythmic drugs and all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis-induced NOAF.This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV database. We included adult patients admitted to a tertiary academic medical center between 2008 and 2019 who fulfilled the Sepsis-3 criteria and developed NOAF during their ICU stays.Based on the initial antiarrhythmic drug administration within 24 h following time-zero, patients were categorized into either β-blocker group or alternative antiarrhythmic drug group. The matched cohort comprised 560 patients (mean age 74.1 [SD 11.5] years; 64.6% male), among whom 280 were assigned to the β-blocker group and 280 to the alternative antiarrhythmic drug group. The β-blocker group demonstrated significantly lower 28-day mortality (36.1 vs. 51.1%; adjusted HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.41–0.67; P < .001) and 1-year mortality (50.7 vs. 63.6%; adjusted HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.55–0.85; P = .001). ICU mortality was also reduced in the β-blocker group (22.1 vs. 42.5%; P < .001). Furthermore, this group had more vasopressor-free days (median [IQR], 24.0 [18.0–26.0] vs. 16.0 [0.0–23.0]) and ventilator-free days (24.0 [18.0–26.0] vs. 17.0 [0.0–24.0]) (both P < .001). Safety outcomes included less bradycardia (12.5 vs. 20.0%; P = .016) but more hypotension (26.4 vs. 18.6%; P = .039). Subgroup and mediation analyses suggested greater benefit in high-risk patients, partially mediated (15.92%) by reduced vasopressor requirements. In critically ill patients with sepsis-induced NOAF, early β-blocker therapy was associated with markedly lower 28-day and 1-year mortality, along with decreased organ-support burden, warranting prospective trials are warranted to confirm these survival benefits.

Multispecies transboundary landscape connectivity in the KAZA TFCA

Abstract This study aimed to delineate multi-species corridors across the KAZA landscape to be included in land use planning and identify which wildlife dispersal areas (WDA) are most critical for seven key mammal species across KAZA. For each species, we modelled habitat suitability across KAZA using ~ 48,000 occurrence points, from both camera trap and spoor surveys. Data from different sources were individually analysed, combined in an ensemble model and final outputs overlayed to form a multi-species layer, with which we assessed connectivity identifying core areas (KDE), corridors (LCP) and functional habitat in KAZA. The central KAZA region, from the Okavango Delta and Chobe National Park to Hwange National Park, supports the most extensive, well-connected core habitat for multiple species. Connectivity weakens toward the Sebungwe region, Angola, Namibia, and Kafue due to major rivers, veterinary fences, and growing human settlement/development. However, substantial highly suitable habitat occurs outside protected areas, with some WDAs playing disproportionately important roles in sustaining species’ connectivity. No single species serves as an umbrella for others when identifying critical corridors, making multi-species analyses essential for comprehensive conservation planning. Protecting corridors and core areas across KAZA depends largely on land uses outside protected areas, underscoring the need to integrate multi-species corridors into land-use planning and to promote coexistence between people and wildlife.

Investigation on absorption refrigeration performance of R1243zf with imidazolium ionic liquid as the working pairs

A Highly Strained All‐BODIPY‐Based Nanohoop

ABSTRACT Highly strained π‐conjugated nanohoops present significant synthetic challenges but offer interesting platforms for exploring unique physical properties. Here, we report the synthesis of β‐β directly connected strained cyclic boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) tetramer— [4]CBDP , with its structure unambiguously confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Importantly, the radially conjugated architecture narrows the HOMO‐LUMO gap, yielding panchromatic absorption spanning the visible spectrum with an edge extending into the NIR‐I window, and resulting in a large Stokes shift (77 nm). Computational results indicate that [4]CBDP exhibits a high strain energy of 155 kcal/mol; yet it remains stable under ambient conditions (air/light) in both solution and the solid state.

Advancing low-carbon additive manufacturing: an integrated deep learning approach for optimal resource and capacity management