Browse Articles

Correction: Preparation and characterization of bio-waste derived chitosan/hydroxyapatite/pectin green biocomposite

Year-round daily wildfire prediction and key factor analysis using machine learning: a case study of Gangwon State, South Korea

Global consumption of threatened freshwater eels revealed by integrating DNA barcoding, production data, and trade statistics

Study on the preparation, characterization, and antibacterial properties of keggin POMs functionalized carrageenan composite films

The analysis of fraud detection in financial market under machine learning

A novel synergistic and eco-friendly approach for efficient crude oil removal from water using ZnO/g-C3N4/chitosan nanostructure and spirulina algae

An online vignette experiment on stigma and help-seeking attitudes towards five mental health problems in adolescents and emerging adults

Abstract Public attitudes vary across mental health (MH) problems. However, research on young people and certain MH conditions is limited. This online-experiment examined stigma and potential help-seeking among 554 adolescents and emerging adults aged 14–29 years towards generalized anxiety disorder, depression (DEP), bulimia nervosa (BN), non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and problematic alcohol use (ALC). Participants were randomized to a video vignette depicting one of the five MH problems. Attitudes were measured with the Universal Stigma Scale (subscales: “blame/ personal responsibility” and “impairment/ distrust”) and the General Help Seeking Questionnaire assessing the likelihoods of seeking professional, informal, and no help for the respective MH problem. Data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni-corrected Dunn’s tests. Compared to all of the other conditions, ALC was the most stigmatized. Furthermore, ALC was more likely to prompt any help-seeking as compared to DEP, BN, and NSSI, and professional help-seeking in comparison to DEP. BN elicited more blame than DEP, whereas the reverse pattern emerged for distrust. However, this sample generally held positive MH attitudes. The results highlight the importance of addressing disorder-specific stigma and may inform the development of targeted anti-stigma and help-seeking campaigns. Trial registration: This study has been registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (www.drks.de) on September 23rd, 2020 https//drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00023110 #DRKS00023110.

The role of spectral characteristics of urine in bladder cancer diagnostics

Modelling the spread of infectious diseases in public transport systems under varying demand patterns and capacity constraints

Abstract Understanding the dynamics of passenger interactions and their epidemiological impact across public transportation systems is crucial for both service efficiency and public health. High passenger density and close physical proximity have been shown to accelerate the spread of infectious diseases. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many public transportation companies took measures to slow down and minimize the spread of the disease. One of these measures was introducing spacing and capacity constraints on public transit vehicles. Our objective is to explore the effects of changes in demand and transportation measures from an epidemiological point of view, offering alternative measures to public transportation companies to keep the system operational while minimizing the epidemiological risk as much as possible. Our findings show that restricting vehicle capacity can significantly reduce the spread of infections, while demand-related measures have an even stronger effect. Combining these approaches offers the best solutions for balancing public health and operability.

A study of the relationship and drivers between participation in sports program diversity and physical fitness

A novel interpreted deep network for Alzheimer’s disease prediction based on inverted self attention and vision transformer

Quality characteristics and volatile organic compound profiling of yellow mushrooms at different cap opening stages

Phenotypic profiling and identification of trait specific genotypes of seed purpose watermelon in Thar desert of India

Contrasting timescales of metal fluxes in porphyry copper systems from coupled physicochemical processes of magmas, rocks and fluids

Abstract Volatile degassing from hydrous magma reservoirs controls the formation of porphyry copper deposits. Geochemical studies suggest that water-rich magmas may be more prone for ore formation, with fluid-melt partitioning potentially producing particularly metal-rich fluid stages. However, the coupled physicochemical processes at the magmatic-hydrothermal transition remain elusive, because they depend on non-linear properties of magmas, fluids and rocks. For this study, we further developed a numerical model for magma convection, volatile degassing, hydraulic fracturing and fluid flow by modifying its permeability response to brecciation and introducing chemical fluid-melt partitioning. We investigate the role of intrusion depth, water content and distribution coefficients on degassing and ore formation. The results show how magmas can self-organize into distinct degassing stages with contrasting timescales of metal fluxes. Depth and water content control the amount of fluids released by an initial short-lived tube-flow outburst event, leading to brecciation and a first mineralization event in shallow porphyry-epithermal levels for high distribution coefficients. Further cooling leads to continuous fluid release at lower rates, producing a second mineralization event at deeper levels. Our results suggest that near-saturated water contents of voluminous magma reservoirs in combination with low fluid-melt distribution coefficients support the formation of large porphyry deposits.

Development of a preclinical X-rays minibeam Monte Carlo treatment planning system

Green synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-doped carbon dots for enhanced photocatalytic tylosin degradation in soil

Local hourly trends in near-surface and land surface temperatures

Robust-tuning machine learning algorithms for precise prediction of permeability impairment due to CaCO3 deposition

Insect frass fertilizer upregulates maize defence genes and resistance against an invasive herbivore pest

Transcriptome analysis of genes and carbon partitioning pathways involved in high temperature stress resilience in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Abstract For the climate change scenarios where the temperatures during crop growing season are on the rise, tolerance to high-temperature (HT) stress in groundnut, especially during flowering and pod stages, is critical to sustain production in arid and semi-arid regions. To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the response of groundnuts to HT stress, a heat-tolerant (ICGV 16553) and a heat-sensitive (ICGV 16516) genotypes were identified based on responses in multi-season HT stress field experiments. The tolerant genotype had significantly higher total antioxidant activity and phenol content than the sensitive genotype in response to HT stress at flowering stage. Translocation studies revealed efficient sucrose loading into phloem, and increased glucose levels in the pods are indicative of an active sucrose metabolism in the tolerant genotype at the pod stage under HT stress. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a total of 1631 and 836 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at flowering and pod stages, respectively. The identified DEGs encoded heat shock proteins, sucrose metabolism enzymes involved in photosynthate synthesis and translocation to sink tissues, transcriptional genes and antioxidants which played a major role in mitigating the effects of HT stress. The genes response in both sensitive and tolerant genotypes at each stage can provide valuable insights for future investigations and the genetic improvement of groundnut for heat tolerance mechanisms.