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How does social support influence autonomous physical learning in adolescents? Evidence from a chain mediation and latent profile analysis
Purpose This study examines how social support influences adolescents’ autonomous physical learning behavior, exploring the mediating roles of self-efficacy and exercise motivation, and the moderating effects of gender and behavioral typologies. The goal is to provide insights into how social support can enhance adolescents’ engagement in physical activities and inform intervention strategies. Methods A total of 2,359 junior high school students (1,208 males and 1,151 females; mean age = 13.21 ± 0.96 years) from three public schools in Shandong Province were surveyed between October and December 2024. Participants completed the Chinese versions of the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Motivation for Physical Activity Measure–Revised (MPAM-R), and Autonomous Physical Learning Behavior Scale (APLBS). Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, t-tests, one-way ANOVAs, and hierarchical regression; Mplus 8.3 for Latent Profile Analysis (LPA); and AMOS 27.0 for Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with bootstrapping (10,000 resamples). Results indicated significant positive correlations among social support, self-efficacy, exercise motivation, and autonomous physical learning (all p < .01). Hierarchical regression showed that social support accounted for 27.3% of the variance in autonomous learning behavior (β = 0.524, p < .001), self-efficacy explained an additional 5.8% (β = 0.279, p < .001), and exercise motivation explained a further 4.0% (β = 0.219, p < .001), resulting in a total R2 = 0.373. LPA identified four behavioral profiles—Highly Engaged (26.3%), Positively Regulated (35.7%), Selectively Participative (22.2%), and Passively Participative (15.8%)—with the four-class model demonstrating optimal fit (entropy = 0.921; AIC = 37,951.9; BIC = 38,081.6; BLRT p < .001; LMR p = .0235). SEM results (CMIN/DF = 3.546; GFI = 0.970; CFI = 0.985; TLI = 0.976; NFI = 0.979; RMSEA = 0.060) showed that social support had a direct effect on autonomous learning behavior (β = 0.325, p < .001) and a total indirect effect of 0.191 (total effect = 0.516, p < .001). Specifically, self-efficacy mediated 22.19% (β = 0.114, 95% CI [0.093, 0.137]), exercise motivation mediated 11.18% (β = 0.057, 95% CI [0.043, 0.074]), and the chain pathway (social support → self-efficacy → exercise motivation → learning) accounted for 3.49% (β = 0.018, 95% CI [0.012, 0.024]) of the total effect. Multi-group SEM indicated that the SS → SE → EM mediation path was stronger for females (β = 0.127, 95% CI [0.104, 0.152]) than for males (β = 0.088, 95% CI [0.070, 0.109]). Across latent profiles, the full sequential mediation (SS → SE → EM → APLB) was significant for Positively Regulated (β = 0.074, 95% CI [0.051, 0.101]) and Selectively Participative (β = 0.066, 95% CI [0.042, 0.089]) groups, marginally significant for Passively Participative (β = 0.038, 95% CI [0.015, 0.062]), and non-significant for Highly Engaged (β = 0.013, 95% CI [–0.004, 0.031]). Conclusion These findings demonstrate that social support enhances adolescents’ autonomous physical learning both directly and indirectly through self-efficacy and exercise motivation. Psychological resilience processes accounted for approximately 37.1% of behavioral variance, and gender differences and latent profiles moderated these pathways. Interventions should therefore focus on strengthening perceived support to boost self-efficacy and motivation—especially among female and moderately engaged students—while tailoring strategies to each behavioral profile to foster sustained autonomous learning and lifelong physical activity engagement.Keywords: Machine Learning, Neural Networks, artificial intelligence.
FSID: a novel approach to human activity recognition using few-shot weight imprinting
Histopathological evaluation of the efficacy of carbon nanoparticle staining in detecting lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer surgery
Synthesis of magnetic borosilicate zeolite/graphene quantum dots nanocomposites for removal of nitrate and organic pollutants from water
Abstract Natural and synthetic zeolites have been considered as capable candidates for removal of pollutants from water and wastewater due to their high surface area and porous structure. In this work, borosilicate zeolite (BZ) with ZSM-5 structure, graphene quantum dots (GQDs)/BZ and Fe3O4/BZ as two component, and Fe3O4-GQDs/BZ as three component nanocomposites were prepared using hydrothermal, solid state dispersion, and ultrasound-assisted co-precipitation methods. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX), N2 adsorption-desorption, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. The synthesized composites were used for the removal of nitrate, methylene blue (MB), 4-nitrophenol (4-NPh), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from water and industrial wastewater. Among the studied adsorbents, the three-component nanocomposites demonstrated superior performance in removing nitrate and cationic and anionic dyes, achieving removal efficiencies of 85.5% for nitrate, 98.4% for MB, 91.0% for 4-NPh, 100.0% for BOD, and 60.0% for COD. The kinetics studies revealed that all adsorbents obey the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The prepared new multifunctional magnetic nanocomposites composed of graphene quantum dots is expected to be promising adsorbents for the removal of pollutants from water and wastewater.
Anisotropic chemical bonding of lanthanide-OH molecules
Effects of subliminal emotional facial expressions on language comprehension as revealed by event-related brain potentials
A new nuclear marker for quantitative analysis of wild boar and domestic pig meat in game meat products using PLAG1 zinc finger gene
Preparation and properties study of self-healing anticorrosive coating based on MCM-41 nanocontainer and triazinyl corrosion inhibitor
Design of TI-TMS system for deep brain stimulation with higher focus in neural modulation
ARRDC3 tyrosine phosphorylation functions as a switch to control c-Src versus WWP2 interactions and distinct scaffolding functions
The impact of family farming on Afrotropical flower fly communities (Diptera, Syrphidae): A case study in Tanzania
To provide empirical evidence about the impact of family farming on Afrotropical flower fly communities (Diptera, Syrphidae), we established a large experimental setup in the Morogoro area (Eastern Central Tanzania) and quantified insect abundance and diversity in contrasting agricultural landscapes. Over the two years of this study, we collected 12,969 flower flies from 55 species and 3 subfamilies: Eristalinae (29 species), Microdontinae (2 species), and Syrphinae (24 species). The ten most abundant species contributed to 84.95% of specimens. Overall, we did not observe major changes in species richness or diversity between agroecological and conventional farming. In contrast, higher abundances of the two dominant species, Toxomerus floralis (Fabricius, 1798) and Paragus borbonicus Macquart, 1842 (69.49% of all specimens collected) were observed in agroecological treatments. This effect was more pronounced where the landscape features were more favourable to each of these species (i.e., in the plateau for T. floralis and in the mountains for P. borbonicus). Landscape provided a comparably much stronger effect than farming practices, and the percentage of variation explained by landscape, as a standalone factor, was approximately five times higher than for farming practices. Spatial heterogeneity and seasonality also provided a large and significant proportion of random variability. Our results stress how verifying a generally accepted paradigm of sustainable agriculture, “agroecology promotes abundance and diversity of beneficial insects”, might require careful consideration, as, under field conditions, the impact of sustainable farming practices on insect communities might be embedded within complex, multi-layered ecological interactions.
Effects of ranolazine on angiogenesis and oxidant-antioxidant balance: an in vivo experimental model study
Identification of a LncRNA based CeRNA network signature to establish a prognostic model and explore potential therapeutic targets in gastric cancer
Polymorphisms in SAA alter intrarenal amyloid distribution of AA amyloidosis in cats
Biotransformation of medicarpin from homopterocarpin by Aspergillus niger and its biological characterization
A quantitative analysis of the factors that influence clinical blood demand in the Suzhou area
Serum big endothelin-1 is a significant biomarker of arterial stiffness in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting
Exenatide and glucagon co-infusion increases myocardial glucose uptake and improves markers of diastolic dysfunction in adults with type 2 diabetes
Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) significantly increases the risk of heart failure, a major cause of hospitalisation and increased morbidity and mortality. Dual and multi-agonist synthetic peptides at the GLP-1 and glucagon receptor are in clinical development as potential new treatments for a range of chronic metabolic conditions including T2D. Here, we aimed to explore the effects of GLP-1 and glucagon dual receptor agonism on myocardial glucose uptake (MGU) and myocardial function in T2D. Eight adults with a mean age of 52 ± 12 years and body mass index 31 ± 4 kg/m2 attended three randomised infusion visits using combinations of 0.9% saline, glucagon (12.5 ng/kg/min) and exenatide:glucagon co-infusion (exenatide loading dose 50 ng/min for 30 min then 25 ng/min). MGU and myocardial function were assessed using 18F-FDG PET-MRI. MGU increased in n = 7/8 (88%) participants from a median of 9.2 × 10−3 µmol/g/min (IQR 0.33–19 × 10−3 µmol/g/min) with saline, to 20 × 10−3 µmol/g/min (5.4–98 × 10−3 µmol/g/min) with exenatide:glucagon, n = 8, z = 2.24, r = 0.79, P < 0.05. Exenatide:glucagon significantly increased the median left ventricular global peak diastolic circumferential strain rate from 0.619 1/s (0.580–0.716 1/s) to 0.686 1/s (0.644–0.737 1/s) n = 8, z = 2.37, r = 0.84, P < 0.05. Left ventricular global longitudinal contraction (as a measure global longitudinal strain) numerically increased by 0.6%, from − 16.0% with saline (-14.0-[-16.7]%) to -16.6% with exenatide:glucagon (-14.1-[-17.6]%), n = 8, z=-1.54, r=-0.54, P = 0.123. Further studies are required to explore whether GLP-1/glucagon dual receptor agonists have a role to play in reducing cardiovascular risk and attenuating heart failure related outcomes in patients with chronic metabolic conditions such as T2D.
The role of spontaneous and evoked neuronal activity in protection from impending ischemic stroke during the hyperacute state
Abstract Using an ischemic stroke rat model by applying permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAo), we have previously demonstrated that protection of the ischemic territory can be achieved by providing intermittent sensory stimulation within a period of 2 h following the occlusion. Beyond this period, sensory stimulation becomes deleterious and results in infarct. We have further demonstrated that such sensory-based protection depends on the integrative role of activated synapses, activated neurons, activated astrocytes, and activated blood vessels. By using the same rat pMCAo model for the current study, we hypothesized that all such activations are potentially triggered by sensory stimulation-based evoked neuronal activity within the ischemic cortex, that in turn triggers the various activations that lead to protection. To test this hypothesis, we used functional imaging and postmortem histology and selectively blocked spontaneous or evoked neuronal activity within the ischemic territory by local administration of lidocaine. Our findings demonstrate that the ischemic cortex is extremely sensitive, as clear functional blockage at the site of lidocaine diffusion and a corresponding infarct at the same location were found for both spontaneous activity and sensory-based evoked activity. Furthermore, the extreme sensitivity of the ischemic cortex is demonstrated by the detrimental effects of phosphate buffer saline (PBS) application if protective sensory-based stimulation is not present following pMCAo. We conclude that neuronal activity, either spontaneous or evoked, within the ischemic cortex is pivotal for protection during the early hyperacute phase of ischemic stroke.