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Tumour-agnostic kinase inhibitors
Acyl chains stabilize the acylated domain and determine the receptor-mediated interaction of the Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin with cell membrane
Characterization and estimation of heterogeneous spatial autocorrelation in spatial autoregressive models
Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) models are widely used to analyze interactions among regions. However, the traditional model assumes a constant spatial autocorrelation coefficient, which fails to effectively capture spatial heterogeneity. To address this issue, we propose proposes a novel Spatial Single-Index Varying Coefficient Autoregressive (SSIVCAR) model. By introducing a single-index varying coefficient function, this model allows the spatial correlation strength to dynamically change with the characteristics of spatial units, thereby more accurately capturing spatial dependence relationships. To estimate the model parameters, we combine spline methods with two-stage least squares, and we assess the model’s performance under finite sample conditions under Monte Carlo simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed model performs significantly better in capturing spatial heterogeneity and improving estimation accuracy. Finally, the model is applied to analyze the impact of digital economy development on environmental quality, and find that it has significant heterogeneous effects across different regions. This study provides a new framework for analyzing complex spatial dependence structures and offers valuable insights for regional governance policies.
Spatiotemporal distribution and fishing ground driving mechanism of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus in Hangzhou Bay and its adjacent waters
MS-EmoBoost: a novel strategy for enhancing self-supervised speech emotion representations
Abstract Extracting richer emotional representations from raw speech is one of the key approaches to improving the accuracy of Speech Emotion Recognition (SER). In recent years, there has been a trend in utilizing self-supervised learning (SSL) for extracting SER features, due to the exceptional performance of SSL in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). However, existing SSL methods are not sufficiently sensitive in capturing emotional information, making them less effective for SER tasks. To overcome this issue, this study proposes MS-EmoBoost, a novel strategy for enhancing self-supervised speech emotion representations. Specifically, MS-EmoBoost uses the deep emotional information from Melfrequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) and spectrogram as guidance to enhance the emotional representation capabilities of self-supervised features. To determine the effectiveness of our proposed approach, we conduct a comprehensive experiment on three benchmark speech emotion datasets: IEMOCAP, EMODB, and EMOVO. The SER performance is measured by weighted accuracy (WA) and unweighted accuracy (UA). The experimental results show that our method successfully enhances the emotional representation capability of wav2vec 2.0 Base features, achieving competitive performance in SER tasks (IEMOCAP:WA,72.10%; UA,72.91%; EMODB:WA,92.45%; UA,92.62%; EMOVO:WA,86.88%; UA,87.51%), and proves effective for other self-supervised features.
Multifunctional reconfigurable reflective metasurface for polarization conversion
Hypoxia-induced HIF-1α/VASN promotes bladder cancer progression
Comprehensive fatty acids profiling of thirty Iranian pomegranate seed oil cultivars; oil stability and quality through various storage conditions
High dynamic range capillary electrophoresis method for sensitive detection of low-frequency driver mutations
Abstract Cancer genomics aims to personalize treatments by identifying genetic abnormalities in cancer cells. However, current analytical techniques face limitations in simplicity and cost-effectiveness. To address these issues, we developed an enhanced capillary gel electrophoresis (CE) sequencer using a fluorescence-acquisition technique called “HiDy” (High Dynamic range) (HiDy-CE). The HiDy-CE reduces the hardware binning region size and increases the number of regions on a charge-coupled device image sensor, expanding the dynamic range and reducing saturation risk. By applying the multi-base primer extension method to the HiDy-CE with control DNA containing known mutations, we detected variant allele frequencies (VAFs) as low as 0.5% for major KRAS hotspot mutation at codon 12 and 13. With 10 ng of DNA from small tissues obtained via fine-needle biopsy from patients with suspected pancreaticoduodenal tumors, HiDy-CE produced equivalent VAFs in KRAS compared with targeted amplicon sequencing. This demonstrated the world’s first capability of detecting mutations below 1% on CE using pathological specimens, leveraging its wide dynamic range. With only 2 ng of input DNA, the HiDy-CE provided results highly concordant with digital PCR with minimal non-specific noise. These findings underscore the HiDy-CE’s potential for sensitive detection of oncogenes such as KRAS, facilitating pre-testing before comprehensive genome profiling.
A fuzzy soft planar graph with application in image segmentation
Association of hemoglobin glycation index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes or prediabetes and comorbid cardiovascular disease: a population-based cohort study
Molecular basis of acyl-CoA ester recognition by α-methylacyl-CoA racemase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Cl-amidine confers organ protection and improves survival in hemorrhagic shock rats via the PAD4-CitH3-NETs axis
Background The occurrence of multi-organ dysfunction following hemorrhagic shock (HS) remains a critical clinical challenge. The excessive formation of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) Has been identified as a pivotal pathogenic mechanism. This study preliminarily elucidated the protective mechanism of the PAD4 inhibitor Cl-amidine in a rat model of HS. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sublethal (40% blood loss, n = 8) or lethal (50% blood loss, n = 10) HS. Rats were divided into Sham group (catheter placement only), HS group (catheter placement followed by blood withdrawal), Vehicle group (0.9% saline), and Cl-amidine (10 mg/kg in 0.9% saline) groups. Results Cl-amidine significantly improved the 72-h survival rate and delayed mortality in lethal HS. In Sublethal HS, the drug corrected metabolic disturbances, such as reduced lactate accumulation, while maintaining mean arterial pressure. Mechanistically, the effects of Cl-amidine included reducing circulating cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) and tissue citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3) levels, suppressing PAD4 expression, and improving histopathological outcomes (reduced edema and restored intestinal barrier integrity by upregulation of tight junction proteins Claudin-1/ZO-1). Moreover, Cl-amidine inhibited neutrophil infiltration through ICAM-1 downregulation and reduced the production of TNF-α and IL-6. Conclusions In conclusion, Cl-amidine protects against HS by targeting the PAD4-CitH3-NETs axis, breaking the vicious cycle of “NETs-inflammation”, restoring barrier integrity, and alleviating multi-organ damage. The synergistic downregulation of ICAM-1 further enhances the therapeutic efficacy, highlighting Cl-amidine as a novel NETs-modulating strategy for HS. This study provides a theoretical and therapeutic foundation for the prevention and treatment of multi-organ injury following HS.
Highly selective silver ion detection using N-doped carbon dots from Clerodendrum wallichii petals
Structural and electrochemical investigation of benzimidazole picolinic acid derivatives for sustainable energy storage applications
Abstract Supercapacitors are widely employed in electric vehicles and portable electronics due to their rapid charge–discharge capability, high power density, and energy efficiency; however, many still depend on non-renewable materials. This study reports the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of benzimidazole picolinic acid (BPEP) as a sustainable, high-performance electrode material for supercapacitors. Optical and electrical analyses reveal significant π → π* and n → π* transitions, with prominent UV–visible absorption peaks at 282 nm (experimental) and 294 nm (theoretical). BPEP exhibits excellent light absorption, achieving 99% light-harvesting efficiency at 300 nm and an extinction coefficient of 2250, underscoring its strong optical potential. Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO) analysis indicates a band gap of 3.9 eV, reflecting notable chemical hardness and thermal stability. Additionally, the negative chemical potential (μ = –4.377 eV) and high electrophilicity index (ω = 5.249 eV) suggest enhanced chemical reactivity and stability that key attributes for energy storage. Electrochemical impedance analysis reveals a maximum specific capacitance of 125.45 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s, confirming efficient charge storage behavior. Vibrational analysis and optimized geometry further affirm the structural integrity of BPEP. Collectively, these results highlight the optical, topological, and electrochemical merits of BPEP, establishing it as a promising eco-friendly candidate for next-generation supercapacitor electrodes.
Microalgae Pediastrum boryanum enhances growth and modulates physiology and transcriptome in Nile tilapia
Abstract The study aimed to explore the impact of dietary Pediastrum boryanum (PB) on growth performance, immune-physiological and transcriptome responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A 90-day trial using 1800 fish (17.00 ± 1.722 g) was allocated at random into 4 groups, three replicates each. The 4 groups received PB at 0 (G1), 1 (G2), 2 (G3), and 4 (G4) g/kg diet, respectively. The fish in Group G3 displayed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and final length when compared to the control group. In addition, red blood cell counts (RBCs), and neutrophils were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in G3. The groups’ biochemical parameters did not significantly differ from one another; nevertheless, significant (p < 0.05) variations in immunoglobulin M (IgM), phagocytic activity, and the values of the phagocytic index. The antioxidative activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase differed significantly (p < 0.05) between groups, with the highest values seen in group G3. Moreover, there was a significant (p < 0.05) upgrade in the expression levels of GH, IGF-1, SOD, catalase, IL-6, IL-8, and PGAM2 genes in group G3. Additionally, G3 had the most typical liver structure, significantly (p < 0.05) increased villi length and width, and a thicker lamina propria in the intestine. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of PB boosted growth performance, blood and serum profile, morphometric evaluation of the liver and intestine, and expression of genes related to growth, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and energy metabolism in Nile tilapia.