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Monumental rock art illustrates that humans thrived in the Arabian Desert during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition
Abstract Dated archaeological sites are absent in northern Arabia between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and 10,000 years ago (ka), signifying potential population abandonment prior to the onset of the Holocene humid period. Here we present evidence that playas became established in the Nefud desert of northern Arabia between ~16 and ~13 ka, the earliest reported presence of surface water following the hyper-aridity of the LGM. These fresh water sources facilitated human expansions into arid landscapes as shown by new excavations of stratified archaeological sites dating to between 12.8 and 11.4 ka. During the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, human populations exploited a network of seasonal water bodies - marking locations and access routes with monumental rock engravings of camels, ibex, wild equids, gazelles, and aurochs. These communities made distinctive stone tool types showing ongoing connections to the late Epipalaeolithic and Pre-Pottery Neolithic populations of the Levant.
Simulation and analysis of magnetic fields around High-Voltage power lines using Python for enhanced safety and design insights
ANN assisted optimization of phosgene free hexamethylene diisocyanate production for economic and environmental benefits
Inhibition of formyl peptide receptor-1-mediated cell death as a therapy for lethal cutaneous drug reactions in preclinical models
Pressure relief and gas outburst prevention in ultra close coal seams a case study on overlying underlying interactions
Abstract Ultra-close coal seams are adjacent coal seams in a mining area with a spacing of less than 5 m. They have strong interactions during mining. Due to the small distance between layers, mining the upper coal seam creates a pressure relief zone. The lower coal seam enters this zone, which helps release gas pressure and prevent outbursts. This process reduces gas drainage work, supports gob-side entry driving, improves mining efficiency, and promotes sustainable coal resource development. During upper coal seam mining, stress often concentrates in residual coal pillars. Mining-induced stress transfers through rock layers to nearby working faces, changing the stress distribution in the lower coal seam. Roof collapse in the goaf can cause instability, making stress changes more complex. This leads to strong strata pressure and increases mining risks. Determining the pressure relief range of the lower coal seam is key to optimizing gas control and ensuring safe mining. This study focuses on the W8 coal seam (W8-32030 panel) and its underlying W9-10 coal seam in Mine No. 6 of Pingmei Co., with the goal of determining the pressure relief and outburst elimination range. The study employed various methods, including numerical simulation, physical similarity simulation, and field monitoring, covering aspects such as plastic zone monitoring, stress and deformation coefficient monitoring, and gas monitoring. By combining the results from different methods, we obtained the pressure relief and outburst elimination range and performed a comparative analysis of the results from each method. The comprehensive analysis of the advantages of the results from different methods not only improved the accuracy of the study but also provided a reliable basis for a more thorough understanding of the pressure relief and outburst prevention effects in ultra-close coal seams. Finally, by integrating the results from all methods, we determined the pressure relief and outburst elimination range of the underlying coal seam to be 27.5 m. The findings of this study provide scientific guidance for practical mining operations, effectively supporting the rational layout of outburst prevention measures during coal mining and ensuring operational safety, thus holding significant engineering application value.
Profile distribution and ecological risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in environmental matrices of Uchalli and Khabeki Lakes
Correlated-photon time- and frequency-resolved optical spectroscopy
Abstract Classical time-resolved optical spectroscopy experiments are performed using sequences of ultrashort light pulses, with photon fluxes incident on the sample which are many orders of magnitude higher than real-world conditions corresponding to sunlight illumination. Spectroscopy and microscopy schemes that use quantum states of light have been widely described theoretically with fewer experimental demonstrations that typically require very long measurements that can extend for hours or more. Here, we show that time-resolved spectroscopy with quantum light can be performed without compromising measurement time or wavelength tunability, recording a fluorescence lifetime trace in biological samples in less than a second with acceptable signal-to-noise ratio. Starting from spontaneous parametric down-conversion driven by a continuous-wave laser, we exploit the temporal correlation between randomly generated signal/idler pairs to obtain temporal resolution, and their spectral correlation to select the excitation frequency. We also add spectral resolution in detection, using a ‘photon-efficient’ Fourier transform approach which employs a common-path interferometer. We demonstrate the potential of this approach by resolving, at the single-photon level, excitation energy transfer cascades from LH2 to LH1 in the photosynthetic membrane and disentangling the lifetimes of two dyes in a mixture. Our results provide a new approach to ultrafast optical spectroscopy, where experiments are performed under illumination intensity conditions comparable to real-world sunlight illumination.
Analysis of perioperative risk factors and development of predictive models for complications following CT guided microwave ablation of pulmonary nodules
Enhanced CNN based approach for IoT edge enabled smart car driving system for improving real time control and navigation
Tunable unconventional spin orbit torque magnetization dynamics in van der Waals heterostructures
Abstract Two-dimensional quantum material heterostructures can offer a promising platform for energy-efficient non-volatile spin-based technologies. However, spin dynamics experiments to understand the basic spin-orbit torque phenomena are so far lacking. Here, we demonstrate unconventional out-of-plane magnetization dynamics, and energy-efficient and field-free spin-orbit torque switching in a van der Waals heterostructure comprising out-of-plane magnet Fe 3 GaTe 2 and topological Weyl semimetal TaIrTe 4 . We measured non-linear second harmonic Hall signal in TaIrTe 4 /Fe 3 GaTe 2 devices to evaluate the magnetization dynamics, which is characterized by large and tunable out-of-plane damping-like torque. Energy-efficient and deterministic field-free SOT magnetization switching is achieved at room temperature with a very low current density. First-principles calculations unveil the origin of the unconventional charge-spin conversion phenomena, considering the crystal symmetry and electronic structure of TaIrTe 4 . These results establish that van der Waals heterostructures provide a promising route to energy-efficient, field-free, and tunable spintronic devices.
Development of a multi-epitope vaccine against Helicobacter pylori using a novel saRNA technology through an immunoinformatics approach
Development of 3D-printed Ti-MXene incorporated chitosan/HAP nano-composite soft-bone scaffold and its mechanical, anti-biofilm and cell-viability studies
Selective Anion Anchoring in MOF-Based Supercapacitors Revealed with Operando Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering
Enhancing perceptual consistency and calibrating uncertainty for real-time table tennis ball detection
Probing into 9’-substituted Suzuki-coupled noscapine ionic liquids as potent microtubule targeting anticancer agents with hemoglobin affinity
X-chromosome upregulation operates on a gene-by-gene basis at RNA and protein levels
Abstract Gene dosage compensation mechanisms are crucial for mammalian development. In mice, recent findings show that cells can sense the number of X chromosomes. Loss or inactivation of one of the two X chromosomes is compensated by upregulating the remaining active X chromosome, a process termed X-chromosome upregulation (XCU). However, how cells sense X-chromosome dosage and induce XCU remains unclear. Here, we show that heterozygous X chromosome fragment deletions in mouse pluripotent stem cells induces XCU in trans, and that compensation takes place at the mRNA and protein level. Furthermore, we found that inducing gene silencing in cis on autosomes induces gene dosage compensation in trans. This work provides significant insights into the molecular foundations of mammalian gene dosage compensation.