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Age-related disparities and spatial distribution of low birthweight in sub-Saharan Africa: using data from demographic and health survey
Intrasexual competition predicts willingness to engage in risky weight loss behaviors: sex differences and similarities
Macrophage WDFY3 mitigates autoimmunity by enhancing efferocytosis and suppressing T cell activation in mice
Multi-objective optimization of gamified demand response for PV-integrated microgrids: a novel NSGA-III framework with behavioral adaptation modeling
Core needle biopsy of periacetabular chondrosarcoma often results in undergrading but does not change management by experienced orthopaedic oncologists
Abstract There is discrepancy in the histologic concordance of pre-operative biopsy grading and post-surgical resection grading of periacetabular chondrosarcoma. This discrepancy poses a question as to whether the chosen treatment should depend upon on the initial assessment of the tumor grade. This is a retrospective review of patients with periacetabular cartilaginous tumors who were treated between the years 2000 and 2022 at a single institution. All patients included in the analysis underwent surgical resection. The pre-operative biopsy and post-surgical resection histological grades were compared. Concordance and treatment implications were evaluated. Twenty-two pre-operative Image Guided Core Needle Biopsies (IGCNB) were performed. There was concordance between pre-operative and surgical resection histological grade in only 9 cases, giving a (9/22) 40.9% accuracy rate. In total there were 13 cases of discrepancy between pre-operative biopsy and surgical resection regarding histological grade. In 12 cases of discrepancy, surgical resection histopathology revealed a higher grade than that of pre-operative biopsy histopathology. In one case of discrepancy, pre-operative IGCNB biopsy histology revealed a high-grade chondrosarcoma while the surgical resection histology revealed an intermediate-grade. There were no situations in which the plan made based on a preoperative biopsy resulted in an inappropriate treatment decision, even when there was not concordance between preoperative diagnosis and diagnosis after definitive resection. Significant discrepancy in grading was observed with pre-operative IGCNB of periacetabular cartilaginous lesions. However, while 12 out of the 13 discordant cases (92.3%) underestimated the true grade of the tumor, there was no impact on appropriateness of the selected treatment, suggesting that accuracy of grade is not an important factor to consider in this location.
Asymmetric ionic covalent organic framework membranes with tunable Turing patterns prepared via ion regulated strategy
Factors associated with depressive symptoms among stroke survivors in public hospitals of Amhara regional State, Ethiopia: a multicenter cross-sectional study
Innovative anode porous transport layers for polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers
COOKIE-Pro: covalent inhibitor binding kinetics profiling on the proteome scale
Abstract Covalent inhibitors are an emerging class of therapeutics, but methods to comprehensively profile their binding kinetics and selectivity across the proteome have been limited. Here we introduce COOKIE-Pro (COvalent Occupancy KInetic Enrichment via Proteomics), an unbiased method for quantifying irreversible covalent inhibitor binding kinetics on a proteome-wide scale. COOKIE-Pro uses a two-step incubation process with mass spectrometry-based proteomics to determine k inact and K I values for covalent inhibitors against both on-target and off-target proteins. We validated COOKIE-Pro using BTK inhibitors spebrutinib and ibrutinib, accurately reproducing known kinetic parameters and identifying both expected and unreported off-targets. The method revealed that spebrutinib has over 10-fold higher potency for TEC kinase compared to its intended target BTK. To demonstrate the method’s utility for high-throughput screening, we applied a streamlined two-point strategy to a library of 16 covalent fragments. This approach successfully generated thousands of kinetic profiles, enabling the quantitative decoupling of intrinsic chemical reactivity from binding affinity at scale and validating the method’s broad applicability. By providing a comprehensive view of covalent inhibitor binding across the proteome, COOKIE-Pro represents a powerful tool for optimizing the potency and selectivity of covalent drugs during preclinical development.
Genetic distances and genome wide population structure analysis of a grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) diversity panel using genotyping by sequencing
ATR-FTIR and multivariate analysis for differential diagnosis of dengue and leptospirosis: a feasibility study
Tuning binding strength between single metal atoms and supports enhances electrochemical CO2 methanation
Pollination by honeybee increases yield and quality of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in semi-arid regions of Egypt
Abstract Pollinators, particularly honeybees (Apis mellifera L.), play a pivotal role in enhancing the yield and quality of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) crops, especially in semi-arid regions. This study investigates the effects of pollination on faba bean production in Upper Egypt, emphasizing the interplay between environmental factors and bee foraging activity. Using a nested complete block design with three replicates and 16 individuals per replicate, we compared open—pollinated plants (OPP) with non-pollinated plants (NPP)as controlled conditions covered with suitable fine mesh net. Our results demonstrate that OPP exhibited a 97.9% increase in pod formation, and an 86.7% higher percentage of flowers developing into pods compared to NPP. Seed weight increased by 35.4%, and seed length by 27.8%, in OPP. Average temperature and outgoing foragers were negatively correlated, suggesting bees reduce foraging activity under high heat. These findings highlight the vital role of pollinators in sustainable agricultural practices, greatly improving both output yield and seed quality significantly in the evaluated semi-arid region. This study not only highlights the economic and ecological advantages and benefits of pollinators but also advocates for immediate conservation initiatives to preserve these vital ecosystem services amidst growing environmental challenges. We highly recommend putting managed honey bee colonies in agriculture area to get and optimize and enhance faba bean production. Additionally, future research should focus on understanding the broader ecological interactions and long-term impacts of climate change on pollinator health and crop productivity. Further studies across diverse climatic zones are needed to evaluate the external validity of these findings across regions.
An early post-birth immune-microbiota landscape predicts the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in term newborns with congenital heart defects
Oxidative stress-induced intervertebral disc remodelling and elevated stiffness drive idiopathic scoliosis in preclinical models
A novel chaos-based approach for constructing lightweight S-Boxes
Abstract Cryptography is the science of using specific secret writing techniques to convert an original message into a coded form for safe transmission over public networks. While conventional cryptographic techniques are efficient on resource-rich devices (e.g., PCs, servers, smartphones), they may perform poorly on the Internet of Things (IoT) devices with limited resources (e.g., Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, sensors). Consequently, a specialized approach known as Light-Weight Cryptography (LWC) is necessary. The Substitution-Box (S-Box) is a crucial and distinct component in constructing cryptographic algorithms that introduces nonlinearity between inputs and outputs. This paper uses chaotic maps to present a novel approach for constructing 4 × 4 S-Boxes tailored for LWC with strong cryptographic properties. The method initially employs an enhanced sine map, followed by a combination of an enhanced logistic map and an enhanced tent map. This approach optimizes multiple parameters by a defined security threshold. The evaluation of the generated 4 × 4 S-Boxes confirms their optimal performance in the context of the Strict Avalanche Criterion (SAC), the Bit Independence Criterion (BIC), and enhanced resistance to Side Channel Attack (SCA), outperforming existing S-Boxes. Furthermore, successfully obscuring image features demonstrated their effectiveness in image encryption. We assessed the hardware efficiency of one of the generated S-Boxes by calculating its Gate Equivalent (GE) using the NanGate 45nm technology. The highly secure S-Boxes constructed in this study can serve as replacements for similar-sized S-Boxes in existing algorithms or be utilized to construct lightweight block cipher algorithms.
Derivation of explicit mathematical equations for gypsum solubility in aqueous electrolyte solutions using GP, GEP, and GMDH techniques
Amino acids bind to phase-separating proteins and modulate biomolecular condensate stability and dynamics
Abstract Biomolecular condensates (BCs) are ubiquitous compartments that regulate key functions in cells. BCs are surrounded by a complex intracellular environment, of which amino acids (AAs) are prominent components. However, it is unclear how AAs interact with condensate components and influence the material properties of condensates. Here, we demonstrate that phase separation is suppressed with glycine by using model heterotypic condensates composed of nucleophosmin 1 and ribosomal ribonucleic acid. The condensate density decreases, and the dynamics within the condensate increase. We find that glycine weakly binds to amide groups in the protein backbone and aromatic groups in the side chains, weakening the backbone-backbone interactions between neutral and charged disordered proteins while strengthening the interactions between aromatic stickers. This leads to different modulations of the phase behaviour in condensates formed by π/cation-π interactions and charge complexation. We further show that a modulation effect on BCs is observed for other proteinogenic AAs and can be transferred to short homopeptides. These insights offer strategies to modulate the dynamic properties of BCs in vivo.