Browse Articles

RIS-assisted anti-spatial aliasing direct localization in NLOS scenarios via spatio-temporal-frequency information fusion

Improved double DQN with deep reinforcement learning for UAV indoor autonomous obstacle avoidance

Electrochemical investigation of oxytrol in fizzy drinks and juices via graphene and polymer printed PVC by ANOVA and design expert

Supplementary motor area enhanced hemodynamic responses to loading after inhibitory cTBS

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices among patients with diabetic foot ulcers towards disease management

Comparison of quality characteristics among 20 sweet potato varieties

Seismic data denoising based on attention dual dilated CNN

Implications of Ho3+-ions on physical, structural, optical, and spectroscopic features of Na2O-PbO-borotellurite glass system for feasible applications in optical and laser technology

Abstract A novel series of Holmium-ions doped Na2O-PbO-borotellurite glasses with composition yHo2O3+(65-y)B2O3 + 15TeO2 + 10Pb3O4 + 10Na2O, where $$\:\text{y}=$$ 0.0 to 0.5 mol% with 0.1 increment, have been prepared by the melt-quenching approach. The non-crystalline state of the synthesized glasses was validated through the XRD technique. The structural modifications and presence of borate networks (BO3 and BO4), tellurite networks (TeO3 and TeO4), and Pb-O links were confirmed through ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopic methods. The morphology and analysis of elements were performed by employing the SEM-EDX technique. The optical characterizations were studied through UV-visible spectroscopy. The transitions 5I8 → 5G5, 5G6, 5F1+5G6, 5F2, 5F3, 5S2+5F4 and 5F5 were noted. Emission spectra of the Ho3+-ions incorporated glasses were obtained using a spectrofluorometer at an excitation wavelength of 451 nm, and they exhibit an intense peak at 678 nm in the region of red. The CCT values found $$\:<\:$$ 4000 K imply a warm CCT. The merits of physical and optical parameters viz., molar volume, density, ion concentration, field strength, optical band gaps, refractive index, Urbach energy, steepness parameter, molar polarizability, metallization criterion, electronic oxide polarizability, optical basicity etc., were evaluated using appropriate relations and they found to be in comply with the structural modifications and optical features. The density and refractive index are found between 4.067 gcm−3 to 4.193 gcm−3 and 2.345 to 2.367, respectively. The energy band gaps and Urbach energy range from 3.115 eV to 3.201 eV and 0.247 eV to 0.269 eV, respectively. Optical basicity and electronic oxide polarizability range from 1.254 to 1.271 and 4.015 Å3 to 4.178 Å3, respectively. Metallization criterion values range from 0.395 to 0.401. Based on structural, optical, luminescence properties, and the physical and optical parameter merits, the synthesized glasses can be suitable for optical devices, including lasers, red phosphors, and optical amplifiers.

Advanced hybrid intelligence evaluation of nanomedicine delivery to various organs using machine learning and adaptive tree structured Parzen estimator

AHP and Geospatial technology-based assessment of groundwater potential zones in Natham taluk, Tamil nadu, India

Liming promotes the leaching of carbon and nitrogen in a double-cropped rice system

Proteomic analysis of tumor cell nuclear expulsion reveals significant cell adhesion and RNA binding programs in extracellular chromatin

Abstract Understanding mechanisms of cancer cell death and the resulting effect on disease progression is crucial in cancer biology and the insight will likely offer better options for therapeutic treatment. Nuclear expulsion occurs in apoptotic cancer cells in a peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (Padi4) dependent manner. The resulting tumor cell nuclear expulsion product (TuNEP) promotes the outgrowth of neighboring cancer cells through chromatin-bound protein complexes. It is not clear what the protein compositions and functionalities are in these TuNEPs. In this study, we performed extensive proteomic profiling and identified key TuNEP protein components from mouse and human breast cancer cells as well as human lung cancer cells (4T1, MDA-MB-231, and PC9). We further compared TuNEP- specific proteins with those from apoptotic bodies or NETs from neutrophils. We found an enrichment of cellular adhesion molecules as well as increased citrullination of proteins associated with RNA binding. We showed that cellular adhesion molecules integrin and basigin (BSG) promote the growth of tumor spheroids. Our work revealed the unique TuNEP protein components distinct from neutrophil-derived NETs and shed light on potential mechanisms by which these cancer cell-derived TuNEPs promote tumor progression.

Adaptive clustering for medical image analysis using the improved separation index

Pilot study on the potential of low-salt brine with oregano essential oil for post-preservation of white brined cheese

Identification of palmitoylated biomarkers in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via integrated bioinformatics analysis and machine learning

Elderly individuals exhibit dysregulated monocyte responses to viral immune complexes compared to adults and children

Abstract The severity of certain viral infectious diseases varies across the age; we hypothesize that these variations could be related to the variation of immune responses to viral immune complexes (ICs) among the age. This study aimed to investigate monocyte activation in response to ICs in children, adults, and elderly individuals. An experimental in vitro model was established using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals. Monocyte activation markers (CD169, CD38, HLA-DR), the negative co-stimulatory molecule (PD-L1), and cytokine production were measured under basal conditions and upon stimulation with human adenovirus 5-IgG immune complex (Ad5-ICs), interferon-alpha (IFN-α), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Monocytes from children and adults displayed similar activation profiles in response to ICs and IFN-α stimulation, characterized by increased expression of CD169 and PD-L1. In contrast, monocytes from elderly individuals exhibited weak or no overexpression of CD169 and PD-L1 coupled with a diminished PBMC cytokine response. Notably, cells from elderly participants produced high levels of TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6 in the absence of stimulation. Multiple comparisons confirmed reduced monocyte activation and PBMC cytokine responses in the elderly compared to adults and children. Although children exhibited a significant response to ICs, their secretion of IFN-α, IP-10, IFN-γ, IL-8, and IL-2 was lower than that observed in adults. Our findings suggest that elderly individuals have poor and dysregulated responses to ICs, likely due to immunosenescence and chronic inflammation. Adults exhibit a robust and balanced response to ICs, while children display a moderate response, possibly influenced by ‘trained immunity’ resulting from frequent early-life exposures to pathogens. These insights highlight the importance of further research to develop age-specific therapeutic strategies to modulate immune function during viral IC exposure.

Streptomyces rimosus-rich soil exposure alleviates depression-like behaviors by modulating neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity in mice with stress

Influence of ATG SNPs on hip fracture patients’ functional status

Changes in host gene expression patterns underpin responses of the coral Stylophora pistillata to nutrient stress

Abstract The availability and stoichiometry of dissolved nutrients are known to have a significant effect on coral growth, biomineralisation, and stress tolerance. However, previous mechanistic studies have focused primarily on the photosynthetic symbionts. Here we studied the physiological and transcriptomic responses of the coral Stylophora pistillata exposed to four different concentration combinations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) over a period of eight weeks. Despite no significant effects on coral growth or calcification, corals from low P conditions bleached and had significantly fewer symbionts than those from high-phosphate treatments. Low P concentrations induced upregulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity, and downregulation of transcripts involved in phospholipid biosynthesis, protein processing, and protein maturation. Further, all enriched biological processes were related to phosphate metabolism. Our results suggest that S. pistillata controls a variety of molecular pathways to counteract the negative effects of insufficient nutrient supply.

Experimental and numerical study of stick–slip phenomenon in granular materials

Abstract The stick–slip is a characteristic phenomenon of various mechanical systems, occurring when two bodies slide relative to each other. Friction plays a dominant role in this phenomenon, transitioning from static to dynamic when sudden movements take place. Studying this behaviour is particularly important for understanding stress transfer in granular materials. The study examines the development of the stick–slip phenomenon under plane strain conditions, which are commonly encountered in large-scale geotechnical structures. Experiments performed on glass bead samples investigate the effects of varying confining pressures, shear rates, initial void ratios, and degrees of bead wear on the development and characteristics of the stick–slip phenomenon. Additionally, a plane strain triaxial test is simulated using the discrete element method (DEM). Although the stick–slip events are not fully reproduced, some micro-slips are identified in the results. The physical mechanism underlying their development appears to correspond to the standard stick–slip behaviour reported in the experiments. Since micro-mechanical behaviour is a key to understanding the stick–slip phenomenon, incorporating DEM analyses opens a new route for determining micro-parameters and linking them to macro behaviour.