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Unified Synthesis of Unconventional α‐Polyhalogenated Amines Through Hydroaminoalkylation
ABSTRACT We report a unified method for the synthesis of α‐polyhalomethyl amines from alkenes and alkynes, enabled by readily available hemiaminal reagents. This operationally simple transformation allows for the introduction of not only well‐established CF 3 and CF 2 H groups, but also the synthetically (and medicinally) underexplored CF 2 Cl and CFClH motifs—thereby broadening access to previously inaccessible chemical space of halogenated amine scaffolds. The method displays broad substrate scope and functional‐group tolerance while operating under mild conditions. Late‐stage functionalization of drug‐like derivatives of Oxaprozin, Erlotinib, and Ibuprofen (among others) is reported.
A higher START red-criteria count at emergency department arrival is associated with increased 28-day mortality in the CRASH-2 trial
Abstract Hemorrhagic shock is a leading cause of preventable trauma death, and early risk stratification is needed before laboratory or imaging results are available. We conducted a secondary analysis of CRASH-2 to evaluate whether a START-derived count of reconstructed Red criteria at emergency department arrival provides prognostic discrimination. Criteria were respiratory rate < 10 or ≥ 30/min, capillary refill time ≥ 2 s, and inability to follow commands (Glasgow Coma Scale motor score < 6). Because ambulation status was unavailable, formal START color categories were not reconstructed. Criteria were counted from 0 to 3, and associations with 28-day mortality and transfusion requirements were examined. Among 18,756 patients, 2,830 died. Mortality increased stepwise with the count. In adjusted Cox models, mortality risk increased progressively, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 12.45 (95% CI 8.33–18.61) for 3 versus 0 criteria. Discrimination was moderate (AUC 0.725, 95% CI 0.716–0.734) and similar after excluding capillary refill time (AUC 0.721), whereas capillary refill time alone performed less well (AUC 0.600). Transfusion requirements also increased with higher counts. In this high-risk cohort, the reconstructed count may provide an early physiologic risk signal before resource-dependent trauma assessments become available.
Engineering an Electrode–Electrolyte Interphase for Ultrastable Aqueous Aluminium–Air Battery
ABSTRACT Aluminium–air battery (Al–air battery) stands at forefront of next‐generation energy storage technologies; however, their practical implementation is critically hindered by uncontrolled hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and rapid anode degradation in alkaline environment. Herein, we explored multifunctional boric acid (BA) as an additive that orchestrates electrolyte–electrode interactions by simultaneously functioning as pH buffer, hydrogen‐bond regulator and Al 3+ solvation shell modulator. This synergistic effect driven the formation of boron‐rich, self‐protective aluminium oxide layer, as elucidated through scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) investigations, in‐situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Thus, introduction of BA inhibited the Al corrosion rate by 82.7% and enabled Al–air battery stability upto 302 h over 906 cycles. HER suppression was substantiated by molecular dynamic simulations and SECM‐derived kinetic analysis, where heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant decreased from 9.94 * 10 −4 cm s −1 in 1 M KOH to 8.80 * 10 −4 cm s −1 upon addition of boric acid. The optimized Al–air battery successfully powered a panel of 38 blue LEDs for 28.5 h, underscoring its practical applicability.
Effects of metallic debris and environmental factors on negative DC needle–plate air-gap discharge
Selective Photocatalytic CO <sub>2</sub> Reduction via Enhanced CO <sub>2</sub> Adsorption and Activation Over Co‐Salen Functionalized Zr‐MOF Catalyst
ABSTRACT Achieving highly selective production from photocatalytic CO 2 reduction in aqueous systems remains a major challenge due to the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, we propose a node‐docking strategy to graft Co‐Salen molecular complexes onto Zr‐MOF (NKM‐906) to achieve the selective photoreduction of CO 2 to CO. Experimental results demonstrate that the NKM‐906 with unique SCU topology and microporous structure can effectively concentrate CO 2 molecules near the Co‐Salen active sites. Moreover, the confined Co‐Salen exhibits superior adsorption and activation toward CO 2 over H 2 O, which is a key factor in suppressing the HER. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further indicate that, compared to other mononuclear (Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn) and binuclear (Co 2 ) metal‐Salen complexes, the mononuclear Co‐Salen complex exhibits superior performance in the adsorption and activation of CO 2 . As a result, the Co‐NKM‐906 demonstrates a notable CO generation rate of 2.63 mmol g −1 h −1 with a CO selectivity of 83% in a water‐containing system, indicating its outstanding catalytic efficacy in the selective photoreduction of CO 2 .
Deep learning for patient-specific quality assurance of volumetric modulated arc therapy: predicting gamma passing rate based on accelerator dynamic log files
Abstract To predict and classify the gamma passing rate (GPR) for patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) in VMAT using a deep learning approach based on accelerator dynamic log files. Dynamic log files of 438 VMAT plans were analyzed. GPR were measured by using Delta4. Using dynamic log files as inputs and GPR under five different criteria as outputs, the Resnet-based model was trained by a five-fold cross-validation method. The average absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (Sr), coefficient of determination (R 2 ), and Classification performance were calculated. In the test dataset, the predictive model demonstrated good agreement with measured GPR values across different gamma criteria, with MAE ranging from 0.59 to 2.05%, RMSE ranging from 1.02 to 3.94%, and R 2 ranging from 0.76 to 0.88. Significant correlations were observed between predicted and measured GPR values under all gamma criteria (Sr = 0.83–0.94, p < 0.001).For the classification models, the accuracy ranged from 0.87 to 0.96, while the AUC values ranged from 0.89 to 0.97 across different gamma criteria, indicating favorable classification performance. We developed a deep learning model that demonstrated promising performance in predicting and classifying GPR for VMAT PSQA. The model is promising as it streamlines the PSQA process and may reduces the associated workload, demonstrating substantial clinical potential.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of hemorrhoid patients regarding surgical treatment
Abstract This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of patients with hemorrhoids concerning surgical treatment. This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2023 and February 2025 in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China and included patients diagnosed with hemorrhoids. Data were collected through a self-designed structured questionnaire, which included sections on sociodemographic characteristics and evaluated participants’ KAP related to surgical treatment. A total of 431 patients diagnosed with hemorrhoids participated in the study. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 8.01 ± 3.07 (possible range: 0–18), 30.61 ± 2.16 (possible range: 7–35), and 34.68 ± 4.73 (possible range: 8–40), respectively. The results of the SEM analysis shown that attitude had a direct effect on practice (β = 0.378, P < 0.001). However, neither the direct effect of knowledge on attitude and practice nor the indirect effect of knowledge on practice was significant. Patients with hemorrhoids exhibited limited knowledge but generally positive attitudes and proactive practices regarding surgical treatment, with attitudes emerging as the primary driver of practice behaviors. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at improving patient outcomes should prioritize attitude-based education strategies, while also addressing knowledge gaps to support informed decision-making.
A single polymer electrolyte incorporating tributyl methyl phosphonium iodide for energy storage and conversion applications
A hybrid fuzzy dissimilarity histogram and automatic fuzzy clustering framework for robust color image segmentation
Elastic wave interaction with a stressed half-space containing voids
Abstract This study explores the reflection characteristics of plane shear vertical (SV) waves incident upon the free surface of an initially stressed, isotropic elastic half-space containing voids. Using Biot’s theory of incremental deformations and the generalized theory of porous elastic media, the governing equations are formulated and analytically solved under two-dimensional plane strain conditions. The presence of initial stress and voids modifies the propagation behavior of elastic waves. It is found that the incident SV-wave gives rise to two distinct reflected waves: a compressional (P) wave and a rotational (SV) wave. The analysis reveals that the reflected SV-wave is influenced solely by the initial stress, whereas the reflected P-wave is significantly affected by both initial stress and the void parameters. Closed-form expressions for the reflection coefficients are derived analytically and evaluated numerically to examine their variations with incident angle, void parameters, and frequency are examined. The results offer insight into wave behavior in porous geological media and stress-loaded materials.
Silt particle shapes in Saharan dust intrusions across Europe: implications for formative processes and sedimentary settings
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the child food security survey module in adolescents
Association between Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) and CKM stage progression in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults
Quercetin is associated with photoreceptor protection in retinal degeneration
Eco-friendly synthesis and evaluation of carbon dots from kitchen waste for potential antibacterial applications
Monitoring coseismic and post-seismic changes in site response associated with the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake
Abstract It is well known that site response exhibits time-varying nonlinearity under the effect of strong ground motion. By applying the spectral ratio to the KiK-net strong-motion data, the coseismic and post-seismic changes in site response are investigated associated with the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake in northern Honshu Island of Japan. It is observed that during the strongest shaking, the predominant frequency and the maximum value of the amplification factor decrease by 20–45% and 55–75%, respectively. In the following 12 years from 2011 to 2023, the predominant frequency exhibits a two-stage logarithmic linear recovery, and in this process, the maximum value of the spectral ratios at lower frequencies grows log linearly with time before the predominant frequency recovers. The observation results demonstrate the continuous change process of the site response under the major earthquake, provides a reference for the prediction of the site-response nonlinearity, and offers guidance for the seismic design of the geotechnical engineering.