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Molecular Orientation‐Directed Isomerization in Indolocarbazole‐Embedded Multiple Resonance Emitter Enables High‐Performance Pure‐Green Electroluminescence

ABSTRACT Multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters are considered ideal candidates for high‐definition displays; however, simultaneously accessing high‐efficiency, narrowband, pure‐green emission remains a significant challenge. Here, we propose an orientation‐directed isomerization strategy on the indolocarbazole (ICz) building block to construct a previously unexplored syn‐oriented para ‐N–π–N dual‐boron‐containing architecture. This design delicately balances the strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) arising from para ‐N–π–N topology and short‐range charge transfer (SRCT) within a rigid ICz framework, achieving the desired narrowband emission. The proof‐of‐concept emitter DBN‐ cp ICz shows pure‐green photoluminescence in toluene ( λ PL  = 520 nm, full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) = 20 nm, and Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) coordinates = (0.17, 0.74)). An organic light‐emitting diode using DBN‐ cp ICz delivers pure‐green electroluminescence at 522 nm, with an FWHM of 24 nm and CIE coordinates of (0.20, 0.73), exceeding the NTSC green requirement and approaching the BT.2020 standard, together with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 36.4%. The intrinsic relationship between the N–π–N electronic topology of ICz and its well‐defined excited‐state characteristics enables robust green spectral anchoring, thereby providing a solid molecular engineering principle for the development of efficient, narrowband, pure‐green MR‐TADF emitters.

Optimizing Outcomes After Pediatric Haploidentical Donor Transplant: Role of Graft-Versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis?

Correction to “Colossal Anisotropic Thermal Expansion Through Coupling Spin Crossover and Rhombus Deformation in a Hexanuclear {Fe ^III ₄ Fe ^II ₂ } Compound”

Reply to: Optimizing Outcomes After Pediatric Haploidentical Donor Transplant: Role of Graft-Versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis?

Spatially Manipulating Polar Centers of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Boosting Hydrogen Peroxide Photosynthesis and Water Purification

ABSTRACT Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) photosynthesis from H 2 O and O 2 using covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is a sustainable approach, yet its efficiency is restricted by a sluggish water oxidation reaction (WOR) due to insufficient water adsorption and charge separation. Herein, we propose a facile and universal polar center spatial‐manipulation strategy to enable efficient H 2 O 2 photosynthesis by COFs via converting high‐polarity C═N linkages into 4‐carboxyl‐quinolyl linkages with weakened‐polarity quinoline backbones and ultra‐polar carboxyl side chains (forming COF‐TBC). This polar‐center side‐shifting strategy concurrently enhances water adsorption (via the polar carboxyl side chain) and water activation (enabled by efficient exciton formation and separation along the low‐polarity quinoline backbone) by COF‐TBC, lowering the energy barrier of the rate‐determining WOR and achieving outstanding and stable H 2 O 2 photosynthesis from O 2 and H 2 O without sacrificial agents (5624 µmol g −1 h −1 , accumulating to 41 mM, solar‐to‐chemical efficiency of 0.72%). The polar‐center side‐shifting strategy can be extended to modify other COFs for enhancing H 2 O 2 photosynthesis, indicating its universality. COF‐TBC maintains high H 2 O 2 yield in complex real‐water matrices and can be integrated into membrane‐based and continuous‐flow reactors for successive H 2 O 2 generation under natural sunlight. COF‐TBC also exhibits efficient photocatalytic performance toward organic contaminant degradation and microorganism inactivation, highlighting its broad potential for water purification.

Pd Nanoparticles Versus Single Atoms on CuTi‐LDH: Reversing Photoinduced Charge Transfer to Switch Radical Generation Pathway for Selective Methane Photooxidation

ABSTRACT Photocatalytic methane conversion to liquid products offers a promising route for the efficient utilization of methane while enabling the generation of value‐added chemicals. However, the inherent complexity and uncontrollable nature of the reaction pathways make it extremely challenging to simultaneously achieve high C 1 product yield with high selectivity. In this study, we report a Pd nanoparticle‐supported CuTi layered double hydroxide (LDH) catalyst (Pd NPs ‐CuTi‐LDH), which achieves a high C 1 liquid‐oxygenates yield of 7220.7 µmol g −1 h −1 , exceeding that of Pd single atoms‐supported CuTi‐LDH (Pd 1 ‐CuTi‐LDH) by threefold, while maintaining an outstanding selectivity of 99.7%. Mechanistic investigations reveal the amounts of ·OH and ·OOH radicals as the key determinant of catalytic performance. Interestingly, in situ XAFS analyses indicate that Pd size modulation induces a spatial separation of photogenerated electrons and holes under light irradiation, directing them toward different metal species. Further radical kinetic evaluations demonstrate the distinct charge‐transfer behavior results in ·OH radicals mainly originating from H 2 O on Pd NPs ‐CuTi‐LDH, whereas they predominantly arise from O 2 on Pd 1 ‐CuTi‐LDH. Consistently, theoretical calculations reveal the Pd NPs ‐CuTi‐LDH possesses lower formation energies for both ·OH (Δ E = −0.86 eV) and ·OOH (Δ E = −0.27 eV), thereby promoting more efficient methane conversion.

Elucidating the Origin of Intensified Thermal Safety Concerns of Practical Next‐Generation High‐Energy‐Density Li‐Ion Batteries

ABSTRACT High‐specific‐energy battery systems, crucial for powering heavy‐lift unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and electric vertical take‐off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, are regarded as key enablers for the development of the low‐altitude economy. However, their commercialization remains hindered by significant thermal safety concerns. In this work, using an ultrahigh Ni‐rich layered oxide cathode (Ni accounts for 96%) paired with a mixed Si@C anode as a model system, we systematically investigate real‐time gas evolution behavior and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of gas generation at both cathode/anode electrodes, along with their crosstalk reactions during thermal runaway. The results reveal severe gas emission from the Si@C anode, with H 2 constituting 71.12% (mass ratio) of the total gas released. Meanwhile, the Ni96 cathode releases active oxygen species (O n− /O 2 ) at elevated temperatures (e.g., 220°C), which react with reducing gases generated from the Si@C anode and electrolyte, thereby triggering the onset of thermal runaway. Furthermore, a specially tailored low‐hydrogen (low‐H) electrolyte is employed to effectively suppress H 2 evolution, thereby enhancing the safety of high specific energy battery systems. These insights into gas evolution mechanisms provide a foundation for the targeted design of battery materials and the formulation of practical safety strategies for the low‐altitude sector.

Sequence-robust MRI asymmetry measures for the detection of anoperineal lesions in Crohn’s disease on axial pelvic MRI scans

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely considered the gold standard for evaluating Crohn’s disease anoperineal lesions. However, despite its central role in clinical evaluation, automated methods specifically dedicated to the analysis of these lesions remain rare. This is particularly challenging in the context of anoperineal lesions due to (i) the diversity of MRI sequences, (ii) the small size of cohorts available to train complex models, and (iii) the absence of a standard shape for lesions. In this context, we explore an alternative strategy based on interpretable asymmetry features in axial MRIs, explicitly capturing morphological and intensity differences between the left and right sides of the perineal region. These features were used to either classify images as containing or not anoperineal lesions, or to precisely locate a lesion on an MRI slice. We apply this method on a small cohort of 44 patients affected by Crohn’s disease, including 134 sequences of MRI of various types (38 T1 sequences, 74 T2 sequences, etc). First, a proof-of-concept dataset was constructed, including images either clearly presenting lesions or not (thus excluding symmetrical lesions), to prove that the asymmetry features we compute are sensitive to the presence of asymmetric lesions on MRI images. Importantly, we were able to show that the asymmetry features are not particularly sensitive to MRI sequences’ type, or patients’ effect, even with limited annotated datasets. The classification model demonstrates promising diagnostic performance, achieving an Area Under Curve (AUC) greater than 0.85 on the proof-of-concept dataset. However, when making predictions on the validation and test dataset, the AUCs drop to 0.667 and 0.647 respectively. The model struggles to generalize to all kinds of lesions, particularly to classify lesions slices when symmetrical (horseshoe) lesions are observed. Additionally, the method designed to locate a lesion in an image exhibited good precision, with a median distance of 1 centimeter between the detected area and the actual lesion position on our proof-of-concept dataset and 1.2 centimeter on the complete dataset, indicating its potential usefulness in future studies focused on standardized assessment of anoperineal lesions.

A Small Structural Change Makes a Big Difference: Synthesis of a Bowl‐Like Polyoxometalate‐Encapsulated {Ag ₇ } ⁵⁺ Cluster and Its Structural Derivatives

ABSTRACT Ligand‐induced structural transformation has been developed as an effective strategy to manipulate the geometric/electronic structures, elemental compositions, and physicochemical properties of atomically precise silver clusters. In this work, we have demonstrated how a small structural change in the configuration of a bowl‐like antimonotungstate ( {Sb 3 W 30 }‐3 ) ligand can make a big difference in the synthesis of polyoxometalate (POM)‐encapsulated Ag clusters (Ag n @POM). The new bowl‐like {Sb 3 W 30 }‐3 can successfully induce the formation of a {Ag 7 } cluster, {Ag 7 (Sb 3 W 30 )} . Interestingly, the {Ag 7 (Sb 3 W 30 )} cluster, which can generate exposed Ag sites upon removal of three labile CH 3 CN ligands, serves as a common building block for constructing three new types of Ag n @POM derivatives, namely polymeric {Ag 7 (Sb 3 W 30 )} n , {Ag 15 (Sb 3 W 30 ) 2 } , and {Ag 23 (Sb 3 W 30 ) 2 } , via either inter‐cluster assembly or intra‐cluster kernel growth processes. In addition, photocatalytic H 2 evolution studies reveal the importance of accessibility to highly exposed Ag active sites and their synergistic cooperation with the redox‐active bowl‐like {Sb 3 W 30 }‐3 ligand. This study establishes a strategic platform for the rational design and structural evolution of Ag n @POM clusters, demonstrating how subtle modulation of all‐inorganic POM ligands influences their geometric and catalytic properties at the atomic level.

Synergistic Bioactive Ointment: ZnO Nanoparticles Combined with Carica papaya Latex and Aloe Vera Gel for Broad-Spectrum Biomedical Applications

The development of multifunctional topical formulations that combine natural bioactives with therapeutic nanomaterials offers a promising route to improved wound healing and management. Carica papaya fruit latex powder and Aloe barbadensis Miller gel were incorporated as active ingredients into an ointment base consisting of ZnO nanoparticles, cassava starch, and white petroleum jelly to formulate a novel topical medication with enhanced biological properties. According to the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl antioxidant assay, IC 50 values of Carica papaya latex, Aloe gel, and ZnO nanoparticles were 454.54, 312.50, and 490.82 μg/mL, respectively. Carica papaya latex powder showed a protease activity of 58.40 units/mg of the solid. The ointment base exhibited the lowest blood clotting index (3.57 ± 6.09%), suggesting strong coagulation potential, whereas ZnO showed the highest (22.26 ± 1.09%), indicating minimal clotting ability under the current experimental setup. Erythrocyte adsorption was also highest in the ointment base (84.10 ± 1.09%), reinforcing its strong interaction with blood components. Cassava starch and petroleum jelly displayed moderate Red Blood Cell (RBC) attachment percentages. Platelet adhesion with the ointment base (61.55 ± 1.09%) and cassava starch (53.97 ± 2.40%) showed better platelet interaction than ZnO (29.1 ± 4.08%). Hemolysis data indicated that petroleum jelly caused the highest RBC lysis at all concentrations, while the ointment base showed the lowest activity, indicating better hemocompatibility. Clotting time analysis further highlighted the ointment base and petroleum jelly as effective pro-coagulants (13.30 s and 13.34 s, respectively), whereas ZnO (18.34 min) and cassava starch (48.34 s) exhibited delayed clotting. The ointment in which the base: active ingredient ratio is 7:3, and within, Carica papaya latex: Aloe gel ratio 1:4, shows the maximum antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . The MBC/MIC ratios of the above ointment for the two organisms were lower than 4, suggesting a bactericidal effect. The time-kill curves show a gradual reduction in bacterial survival over time, with the most significant reduction observed in the ointment with the highest proportion of Aloe vera.

One Ligand, Three Roles: L‐, X‐, and Z‐Type Coordination at Nitrogen

ABSTRACT Nitrogen‐based ligands are central to coordination chemistry but are limited to L‐ and X‐type donor behavior. Here we report a fundamentally new class of nitrogen ligands based on N ‐heterocyclic nitrenium (NHN) frameworks that exhibit multimodal L‐, X‐, and Z‐type coordination with reversible switching demonstrated between the L‐ and X‐type states. These ligands represent the first examples of nitrogen‐based Z ‐ligands, with the ability to switch between donor and acceptor modes in response to the coordination environment. As such, the formal oxidation state of a transition metal is reversibly changed simply by adding or removing a coordinating solvent introducing a unique concept of “redox‐by‐coordination”. The coordination mode is confirmed by x‐ray crystallography and comprehensive computational analysis.

Anxiety disorder burden inequalities across middle- and high-income countries: 1990–2035 trends and projections

Background Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health conditions worldwide, but their burden varies substantially across countries with different income levels. Evidence remains limited on how anxiety disorder burden, violence-related risk factors, and future trends differ across middle- and high-income countries (MHICs). This study examined inequalities in the burden of anxiety disorders across MHICs from 1990 to 2023, quantified the burden attributable to major risk factors, and projected prevalence trends to 2035. Methods Data on incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for anxiety disorders were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2023 database. We estimated counts, age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPRs), and age-standardized DALY rates (ASDRs), with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by income group, sex, age, country, and year. Risk-attributable DALYs were assessed for intimate partner violence (IPV), bullying victimization (BV), and sexual violence against children (SVAC). Temporal trends were evaluated using Joinpoint regression, and Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) models were used to project prevalence rates to 2035. Results In 2023, MHICs accounted for 91.3% (95% UI 60.7–137.2) of global prevalent cases, 90.8% (95% UI 50.4–153.7) of incident cases, and 91.2% (95% UI 44.8–177.6) of anxiety disorder DALYs. High-income countries (HICs) had the highest ASIRs, ASPRs, and ASDRs, whereas lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) had lower rates but larger absolute numbers of cases. From 1990 to 2023, the burden increased across MHICs, with the fastest growth observed in LMICs. Females had consistently higher ASIRs, ASPRs, and ASDRs than males, and the highest burden was observed among children and adolescents. IPV, BV, and SVAC were associated with substantial anxiety disorder DALYs, with marked differences by income group, age, and sex. BAPC projections suggested that prevalence rates may continue to increase through 2035, particularly among females and in lower-income settings. Conclusions Anxiety disorder burden remains high and unequally distributed across MHICs. The burden is characterized by persistent differences by income group, sex, and age, and is associated with violence-related risk factors. These findings support the need for income-sensitive, gender-responsive, and age-targeted mental health strategies, with particular attention to prevention of violence-related risks and improved access to mental health services in lower-income settings.

Asymmetric Ni–O–Co Active Sites Induce Spin‐State Transitions to Break Performance Trade‐Offs in Urea Electrolysis

ABSTRACT Urea‐assisted water electrolysis represents a sustainable paradigm for concurrent hydrogen production and wastewater remediation; however, its efficiency is fundamentally limited by the Sabatier trade‐off between urea activation and CO 2 product desorption. Here, we report an asymmetric electronic structure engineering strategy to overcome this bottleneck by incorporating atomically dispersed Ni into Co 3 O 4 cubic hollow nanoboxes. The construction of asymmetric Ni–O–Co sites triggers a critical spin‐state transition of octahedral Co 3+ from low‐spin to intermediate‐spin through lattice distortion and polarization. This electronic reconfiguration effectively strengthens urea binding while simultaneously weakening the adsorption of poisonous *CO 2 intermediates. Synergized by a superhydrophilic and superaerophobic surface that facilitates rapid bubble release, the Ni SAC ‐Co 3 O 4 catalyst achieves an exceptionally low potential of 1.32 V for urea oxidation. In a full‐cell configuration, the system delivers a current density of 10 mA·cm −2 at only 1.34 V, doubling the hydrogen output compared to traditional water splitting while achieving a 96.7% urea degradation efficiency. Life cycle assessment further validates the environmental superiority of this system. Our work provides a versatile design principle for tailoring spin states in asymmetric architectures to break linear scaling relationships in complex multi‐electron electrocatalysis.

Incidence and direct medical costs of child injuries in Lebanon (2012–2016): Evidence from closed insurance claims analysis

Despite the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) reporting 20% of the global burden of child injury and one of the highest death rates for child injury (45.5 per 100,000), there are few studies from the region that analyze the costs of these conditions. This study provides an assessment of incidence and direct costs of child injury at hospitals in Lebanon using insurance closed claims. Historical claims data were compiled from the four largest Third-Party Administrators for health insurance companies (> 50% Lebanese insurance market share) for a period of 5 years from 2012–2016. Descriptive statistics and regression modeling were used to assess direct medical costs from hospital treatment of child injuries and to identify risk factors associated with increased costs. A total of 70,640 pediatric patients (<18 years) were treated for 87,102 unique injuries during 86,731 visits totaling $19,466,556.61 during the 5 year study period. Males accounted for almost 2/3 of injured children. Most children (86%) were treated and released from the emergency department but inpatient treatment accounted for over 50% of costs. The most commonly occurring injuries were minor (superficial soft tissue injuries, lacerations, open wounds). However, upper and lower extremity fractures, which accounted for only 7% of injuries, contributed to 28% of costs. Child injuries represent a significant direct medical cost burden in Lebanon, with inpatient treatment contributing a large proportion of expenes. Further prospective studies of child injury should evaluate cost-effectiveness of injury care and to identify opportunities for cost savings through standard treatment protocols for common conditions and injury prevention programs. Further studies are also needed to investigate the indirect and long-term costs of child injuries in Lebanon.

Binding‐Activated ¹ O ₂ ‐Genic Photosensitizers for Live‐Cell Control and Proteomic Mapping of Cytoskeletal Networks

ABSTRACT Cytoskeletal filaments and their associated organelles/proteins form a system‐level network that organizes cellular architecture and activity, yet chemical tools for spatiotemporal control and proteome‐wide mapping of these networks in living cells remain scarce. Here we present a modular strategy to generate small‐molecule, singlet‐oxygen‐generating ( 1 O 2 ‐genic) photosensitizers for controlling and decoding cytoskeletal networks. Single‐step installation of a sulfamide‐PEG 2 ‐ligand onto rhodamine photosensitizer scaffolds yields binding‐activated probes that mainly exist as the non‐excitable spirolactams in solution but largely switch to 1 O 2 ‐producing zwitterions upon binding to microtubules or F‐actin. Continuous illumination in confocal microscopy generates a burst of 1 O 2 , driving highly localized oxidation and second‐timescale collapse of filament‐organelle/protein networks, revealing key roles for microtubules in lysosome transport and mitochondrial dynamics. In parallel, light‐tunable mild 1 O 2 generation enables selective proteome‐wide proximity labeling of microtubule‐ and F‐actin‐associated networks, unveiling previously uncharacterized dual interactors at the microtubule‐F‐actin interface. This modular platform provides an effective tool for genetic‐manipulation‐free mapping and spatiotemporally controlled, localized oxidative perturbation of endogenous networks.

Bidirectional association between cognitive function and depressive symptoms in UK community elderly based on physical activity as mediator

Introduction Previous studies have shown that physical activity (PA) can improve cognitive function (CF) and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults, and that there is a bidirectional relationship between the two. However, there is a lack of research on the temporal sequence and potential mechanisms of these three factors. This study conducted a large-scale longitudinal study to explore the mediating role of PA in the bidirectional association between CF and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults. Methods A longitudinal study was conducted using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA) collected in 2014−2015 (T1), 2016−2017 (T2), and 2018−2019 (T3). PA, CF, and depressive symptoms were assessed via questionnaires, with Spearman’s correlation analysis used to examine variable correlations. A Cross-Lagged Panel Model (CLPM) was constructed to test the longitudinal causal relationships among the three variables, and a longitudinal mediation model was developed to analyze the mediating role of PA. Results A total of 6,787 participants aged 50 years or older were included, comprising 3,777 women (55.7%) and 3,010 men (44.3%), with a median baseline age of 66 years. Spearman correlation analysis indicated a significant correlation among the three variables (r s =[−0.225, 0.447], P < 0.001). CLPM results showed that poorer CF predicted more severe depressive symptoms in the future (β T1-T2  = −0.038, P < 0.001; β T2-T3  = −0.040, P < 0.001), and more severe depressive symptoms predicted poorer future CF (β T1-T2  = −0.022, P = 0.005; β T2-T3  = −0.021, P = 0.005). The Wald test indicated that CF was the dominant factor in the bidirectional negative relationship between CF and depressive symptoms (Wald χ² = 7.546, P = 0.006). Longitudinal mediation model results showed that poorer CF at T1 predicted lower PA at T2 (β T1-T2  = 0.043, P < 0.001), and lower PA at T2 predicted more severe depressive symptoms at T3 (β T2-T3  = −0.053, P < 0.001). Bootstrap results further confirmed the significant indirect effect of T1-CF on T3-depressive symptoms through T2-PA (β = −0.002, 95% CI=[−0.004, −0.001]), with the mediation effect accounting for 5.71%. However, the indirect effect of T1-CF on T3 depressive symptoms through T2-PA was not significant (β = −0.001, 95% CI=[−0.002, 0]). Conclusion CF was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms. PA mediated the positive effect of CF on depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults, but failed to alleviate the negative effect of depression on CF. This study indicates that active participation in PA contributes to maintaining cognitive and mental health in middle-aged and older adults.

Supporters of Germany’s far-right AfD party are concerned about immigration rather than feeling deprived

Is concern about immigration sufficient to account for the increasing success of Germany’s right-wing populist party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD)? Or does socio-economic deprivation also matter? Using German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) data from 2014 to 2024, we find that concern about immigration alone accounts for about 75 percent of explicable variation in AfD support and even for 90 percent of explicable variation in voting behaviour. Therefore, variables that measure deprivation explain comparatively little additional variation in AfD support and even less variation in voting for the AfD. Previous research has shown that immigration-concern predicts AfD support. Our results extend this by arguing that the direct relationship between immigration-concern and AfD support is so strong that deprivation variables neither seem to have much additional explanatory power, nor strongly confound the direct relationship between immigration-concern and AfD support. These results undermine the much-cited “losers of modernisation hypothesis”, not only in the sense that socio-economic conditions may be a weaker explanation than cultural ones, but even by questioning whether socio-economic explanations of AfD support have much additional value over cultural explanations at all.

Identification and validation of novel reference genes for bovine respiratory and lymphoid tissues using public transcriptomes and BRSV challenge model

RT-qPCR can be employed to quantify target gene expression normalized to reference genes that are expected to remain stable across experimental conditions. However, previously reported reference genes may not be stably expressed across all experimental conditions and individuals. This research identified novel candidate reference genes from publicly available healthy bovine tissue transcriptomes and subsequently developed and validated primers for five candidate reference genes. Forty-one transcriptomes were obtained from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) from apparently healthy Bos taurus samples: bone marrow, bronchial lymph nodes (LN), mesenteric LN, kidney, liver, lung, nasal epithelium, unspecified LN, spleen, thymus, and trachea. Bioinformatic analysis of each dataset was performed using FastQC, Trimmomatic, STAR, and R, with library normalization carried out using the Relative Log Expression (RLE) method and normalized gene counts converted to log2-CPM values. The values for each gene across the transcriptomes were ranked by coefficient of variation (CV). The top 200 genes ranked by CV were analyzed using RefFinder for inter-tissue stability. Five candidates were selected: DDX23, NMT1, CRNKL1, TMEM183A, and UBE2Q1. To validate stability, RT-qPCR was used to assess the stability of these genes in tissues from seven bovine respiratory syncytial virus-infected calves and two healthy calves, including lung, bronchus, trachea, nasal epithelium, tracheobronchial LN, mediastinal LN, thymus, spleen, and bone marrow. The averaged CT values were analyzed with RefFinder. Comprehensive stability values identified CRNKL1 as the most or second most stable gene in 8/10 tissues, with variation in ranking of each reference gene across all tissues. This study identified a bioinformatic workflow and candidate reference genes, with primers validated for five genes which demonstrated stability across various bovine tissues.

Acute and chronic arterial stiffness responses to stretching, aerobic, and resistance exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Global patterns and trends in heart failure burden under chronic respiratory disease cause categories among adults aged 55 years and older: A systematic analysis based on the GBD 2021 Study

Background Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) and heart failure (HF) impose substantial global burdens. However, the long-term population-level burden of HF impairment under CRD cause categories remains insufficiently characterized within the GBD framework. Methods Using GBD 2021 data, we estimated the prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) of HF impairment under CRD cause categories among adults aged ≥55 years from 1990 to 2021. CRD cause categories included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis (ILD&PS), and pneumoconiosis (PC). Cases, rates, relative changes, and EAPCs were used as primary descriptive measures. Joinpoint regression, age–period–cohort analysis, inequality indices, and BAPC-based projections were used as secondary analyses to describe trend timing, age–cohort patterns, socioeconomic distribution, and historical-trend extensions through 2032. Results From 1990 to 2021, the global prevalent cases and YLDs of HF impairment under CRD cause categories increased markedly, while prevalence and YLD rates changed only modestly overall. The burden rose sharply with age, especially after age 75, and was generally higher in males. Temporal trends differed across periods. Patterns varied across SDI strata and differed by CRD subtype. Model-based extensions of historical patterns suggested that this burden pattern may remain substantial through 2032. Conclusion The burden of HF impairment under CRD cause categories showed marked population-level variation across age, sex, SDI strata, and CRD subtypes. These findings may help inform burden monitoring, public health planning, resource allocation, and long-term service planning for older adults.