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Modulating the interfacial solvation structure to promote hydroxyl migration for alkaline hydrogen oxidation
Trade induced extinction risk footprints by European financial institutions
Abstract Biodiversity loss is increasingly recognized as a source of systemic financial risk. The financial sector enables economic activities that exert pressure on ecosystems, sometimes far from where capital is held, so institutions in one region can enable biodiversity loss elsewhere by financing seemingly harmless sectors with value-chain links to harmful activities. We establish a novel correspondence matrix linking 104 environmental pressures to 124 IUCN biodiversity threats, and combine it with the GLORIA input–output model to quantify species extinction-risk for 164 countries. Particulate matter, land-use change, and nitrogenous gases are the most damaging pressures, exerted mainly by agriculture, manufacturing, and construction. Seventy-four countries are net importers of extinction risk and twenty-three net exporters; all twelve European countries analysed are importers, with approximately 40% of their financial assets linked to extinction-risk sectors. Because these pressures are so embedded in production, a 1% reduction in the extinction-risk footprint propagates almost one-for-one through the economy: output falls by about 0.88% on average, while firms’ capacity to service debt weakens as revenues drop but interest obligations hold fixed. This exposes how structurally dependent financial systems are on nature-harming activity, supporting efforts to disclose and reduce holdings of assets linked to biodiversity loss.
Molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca2+ exchanger NCLX
Abstract Mitochondrial Ca²⁺ homeostasis is maintained through coordinated influx and efflux processes, with NCLX long recognized as the primary Ca²⁺ extruder operating via Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchange. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of rat NCLX in cytosolic-facing occluded and open states. The central transmembrane (TM) domain of NCLX comprises ten helices arranged in two inverted, structurally similar halves, with two α-repeats forming a central ion-binding pocket. Peripheral TMs 1 and 6 are loosely associated with the core and likely mediate alternative access to this site. These structural features closely resemble those of NCXs, indicating a conserved ion exchange mechanism. While NCLX retains the canonical Ca²⁺-binding site, it lacks several key Na⁺-binding residues found in NCXs, suggesting broader ion selectivity. Consistently, cell-based Ca²⁺ uptake assays show that NCLX mediates Ca²⁺ exchange using Na⁺, K⁺, Li⁺, and potentially protons as counterions. Based on the structural symmetry of NCLX and its bidirectional exchange capability, we propose a matrix-facing model and an alternating-access mechanism in which TMs 1 and 6 undergo sliding motions to enable ion exchange between cytosolic and matrix sides, analogous to NCX. These findings provide a structural and mechanistic framework for understanding NCLX-mediated Ca²⁺ transport in mitochondria.
Effect of probiotic Bacillus cereus PKA18 on the overall growth, gut microbiome, and immunity in Clarias magur (Hamilton, 1822)
A paired electrolysis for hydroxymethanesulfonate synthesis using sulfide waste as the sulfur source
An edge-AI framework with graph transformer learning for resilient microgrid topology attack identification
Segmental duplications and supernumerary chromosomes drive antifungal drug resistance in Candida auris
Correction: Examining the effects of cigarette smoke on mouse lens through a multi OMIC approach
Engineering trispecific IL-2 receptor agonistic antibodies through geometry optimization for enhanced Treg targeting
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum OP5: a novel strain with antioxidant properties for quality improvement of fermented sausage
Genetic drivers of etiologic heterogeneity in thyroid cancer
Abstract Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, yet its biological underpinnings remain incompletely understood. Here we show that common risk alleles for thyroid cancer point to distinct biological pathways underlying disease susceptibility. We perform a multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of thyroid cancer (16,167 cases and 2,430,374 controls), identifying 51 independent loci, including 21 not previously reported. By integrating these loci with genetic associations for 151 thyroid-cancer-related traits, we identify pleiotropic mechanistic clusters linked to thyroid function, oncogenic pathways, and mixed physiological function. Two thyroid-specific clusters, associated with thyroid stimulating hormone or thyroid growth and function, are enriched in thyroid tissues. Oncogenic clusters include DNA repair ( ATM , CHEK2 , TP53 ) and telomere maintenance ( TERT ) genes, implicating shared cancer mechanisms. Cluster-specific polygenic scores are associated with thyroid disease, cancer, and metabolic traits across ancestry groups, suggesting distinct genetic subtypes of thyroid cancer risk and supporting pleiotropy-based approaches to genetic risk stratification.
Novel approach to early prediction of alzheimer’s disease progression using integrated deep regulatory genetic neural network and optimized deep belief networks
Exercise-associated microbial metabolites prevent skeletal muscle atrophy in adult female mice
Abstract We previously reported that skeletal muscle adaptation to regular exercise requires a healthy gut microbiome, contributing to growing evidence that some exercise benefits are mediated by microbiome-derived metabolites. Here, to identify such exercise-associated microbial metabolites, we transfer cecal contents from exercise-trained female donor mice into exercise-naïve female recipient mice undergoing unilateral hindlimb immobilization. Recipients of cecal material from exercise-trained donors exhibit less muscle atrophy compared with those receiving transfers from sedentary donors. Untargeted metabolomics reveal metabolites enriched in cecal content, serum, and muscle of recipients from exercise-trained donors, consistent with microbial origin. Oral administration of two such metabolites (pipecolic acid and succinate) attenuates muscle atrophy and preserves muscle function in exercise-naïve mice, potentially by enhancing cellular energy status and translational capacity. These findings further define the gut microbiome-skeletal muscle axis and provide evidence that exercise-associated microbial metabolites serve as a novel class of exercise mimetics for treating conditions responsive to physical activity.
RANSAC guided modeling and evolutionary optimization of UV/sulfite for ofloxacin removal
A circuit linking dentate gyrus and retrosplenial granular cortex regulates fracture healing in male mice
GMCF-lite for lightweight and interpretable traffic sign classification via gated mamba-CNN fusion
Hematological consequences of environmental change during dewilding of rhesus macaques
Abstract The environment shapes immune system development and the regulation of inflammatory responses, however the hematological consequences of a major environmental change, such as those experienced during migration, remain poorly understood. Here, we assess the immunological consequences in male rhesus macaques as they transitioned from an outdoor provisioned environment to an indoor laboratory facility in a process we term ‘dewilding.’ Dewilding decreased neutrophils and increased lymphocytes, skewing toward a T H 1 response and increased T cell activation. In the gut microbiome, fungal abundance decreased while bacterial abundance increased. In the bone marrow, we observed a shift towards the less committed multipotent progenitor cells and increased erythrocyte progenitors, with upregulation of genes involved in hemoglobin control and erythropoiesis. Together, our findings illustrate how dewilding alters immune homeostasis, with implications for understanding immune adaptation in migrants from rural to urban environments and for optimizing immunization strategies during environmental change.