Browse Articles

Application of automatic music composition under Internet of Things and LSTM networks

Prior therapy defines mutation profiles in childhood cancer at relapse

Dynamic Polymers Based on Coordination Bonds

ABSTRACT Dynamic polymers have attracted extensive attention in recent years due to their unique roles in intelligent, responsive and sustainable materials. Based on the reversibility and high tunability, the metal–ligand coordination bond is demonstrated to be effective for constructing various dynamic polymers, including self‐healing, recyclable, shape‐memory, responsive, and adaptive materials. With the assistance of functional metal ions or ligands, dynamic polymers within coordination bonds can exhibit diverse functions such as luminescence, magnetism, catalysis, conductivity, and dielectrics for applications. In this study, the recent development and achievements in coordination‐based dynamic polymers are presented. The advantages of coordination bonds in designing dynamic polymers are highlighted, and the functions and applications of each dynamic polymer are summarized. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and provide an outlook on the opportunities and promising directions for the future development of the dynamic polymers based on coordination bonds.

Proactive Visual and Motor Prioritization Differentially Scale with Cue Reliability

Environmental cues enable the brain to anticipate and prepare for upcoming behavior, such as by selectively prioritizing relevant visual representations and associated action plans in working memory in service of an imminent task. While it has been demonstrated that neural dynamics of visual and motor prioritization each scale with cue reliability, studies to date tracked either visual or motor prioritization in isolation. It therefore remains unknown whether visual and motor prioritization scale similarly or differently with cue reliability. To fill this gap, we manipulated cue reliability (100, 80, 60%) in a visual–motor working-memory task that uniquely enabled us to isolate the neural dynamics associated with visual and motor prioritization in anticipation of an imminent working-memory task. EEG measurements in male and female human volunteers revealed how cue reliability differentially drives visual and motor prioritization. While the strength and timing of visual prioritization were relatively stable across cue reliability levels, motor prioritization profoundly scaled with cue reliability and developed more gradually with lower certainty. These findings show that visual and motor prioritization in working memory are differentially susceptible to the certainty conveyed by environmental cues and suggest that motor prioritization may be more cautious in nature.

A dyadic examination of the division of household labor and relationship quality from a tri-load perspective

Tertiary lymphoid structures harbour stem-like tumour-specific T cells

From Metal‐Centered Catalysis to Organic Orbital Programming in Photoelectrocatalysis

ABSTRACT Photoelectrocatalysis has traditionally relied on inorganic metals and compounds, where activity is optimized through crystal field regulation, band alignment, and defect engineering. However, periodic lattice structures intrinsically constrain orbital degeneracy, energy‐level reconstruction, and molecular‐scale control of intermediate adsorption, electron transfer, and reaction flux. Purely organic photoelectrocatalytic materials offer a distinct paradigm based on π‐conjugated frameworks, in which frontier orbitals, energy‐level splitting, electron delocalization, and polarization can be precisely programmed through molecular design. Donor–acceptor architectures, orbital overlap, and electronic asymmetry regulate exciton binding, charge separation, interfacial coupling, and intermediate electronic occupation, thereby linking photocarrier dynamics directly with reaction barriers and pathway selection. In water splitting, CO 2 reduction, N 2 reduction, and photoelectrochemical organic synthesis, such orbital‐level tunability enables refined control over proton‐coupled electron transfer, transition‐state stabilization, and selectivity beyond conventional metal‐centered descriptors. This review analyzes the principles of electronic structure control and interfacial reaction mechanisms in purely organic photoelectrocatalytic materials from atomic and orbital perspectives, highlights their distinctions from inorganic systems in energy level construction and reaction pathway regulation, and outlines a theoretical foundation for developing organic–inorganic cooperative platforms that combine orbital programmability with structural stability.

Design and validation of boundary conditions for rapid soil mass movement in large-scale slope experiments

Piezoelectric Bioactive Drug‐Based Supramolecular Assemblies Toward Health Monitoring and Wound Healing

ABSTRACT Bioactive molecules can self‐assemble to form noncentrosymmetric supramolecular materials exhibiting piezoelectric response. However, the piezoelectricity of antibiotic‐based molecular assemblies has been largely unexplored. The understanding of the structure‐piezoelectricity relationship of bioactive molecular assemblies will facilitate the rational design of multifunctional piezoelectric materials. Herein, for the first time, we systematically investigated the piezoelectricity of bioactive β‐lactam drug‐based supramolecular assemblies, further revealing the piezoelectric‐antibacterial synergy of electronic devices. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that the supramolecular assemblies of different β‐lactam drugs exhibited diverse ordered packing modes. Their maximum piezoelectric coefficients showed a broad range of 3.2–44.3 pC N − 1 as calculated by density functional theory, in which faropenem sodium (FarNa) crystals displayed the highest value due to a highly asymmetric structure and a large dipole alignment. The FarNa crystal‐based piezoelectric device generated an open‐circuit voltage of up to 1.08 V and was successfully integrated into a flexible sensor for rehabilitation monitoring. Furthermore, the piezoelectric response of composite films loaded with amoxicillin (AMX) or FarNa crystals could disrupt bacterial cell membranes, enhancing antibacterial activity and infected wound healing. This work explores the piezoelectric response of β‐lactam drug‐based assemblies, leveraging a supramolecular assembly strategy to develop biomaterials with coupled piezoelectric and biological functions.

Curcumin promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via the miR-206/Hdac4 signaling axis

Multifunctional Flipping‐Based Mechanical Metasurface Enabling Optical‐Microwave Dual‐Modal Reconfigurability

ABSTRACT Dynamically and energy‐efficient control of electromagnetic (EM) waves is highly desirable for next‐generation wireless communication and sensing. However, most existing intelligent metasurfaces rely on power‐hungry electronic circuits and complex fabrication, limiting their scalability, and deployment. Here we introduce MetaScreen, a mechanically reconfigurable metasurface that exploits a unique flipping mechanism to alternate between meta‐atoms with distinct EM responses and visual colors, thereby enabling simultaneous wavefront manipulation and optical display. Each bistable flip element integrates a permanent magnet and is actuated by a microcontroller‐driven magnetic‐control module to convert a short electrical pulse into rapid and nonvolatile mechanical switching. This design achieves low‐power and stable EM wave manipulation and endows the metasurface with intrinsic visual programmability through color‐coded coatings on the meta‐atom surfaces, thus supporting microwave wavefront control and visible information display in the same platform. Dynamic beam steering for wireless communication, adaptive EM wave focusing for contactless respiration monitoring, bidirectional human‐machine interaction, and microwave holography are demonstrated, highlighting the versatile EM manipulation and multi‐domain programmability of the platform. Owing to its energy efficiency, low cost, and long‐term stability, MetaScreen offers a practical route toward sustainable and scalable applications in wireless communication, smart internet of things (IoT), and optical‐EM camouflage.

Effects of stand structure on ecosystem carbon stocks in woodlot plantation, riparian, and coastal forests in southeastern Bangladesh

Dynamic Material Reconstruction Dominates Stable and Efficient Upgrading of Polyester Plastics in Electrolyzer Stacks With High Voltage Fluctuations

ABSTRACT The electrooxidation of ethylene glycol (EG) from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste to produce valuable commodities offers a novel approach to the circular plastic economy. However, reaction efficiency is significantly limited by uncontrollable side reactions and competitive water oxidation, particularly at high or fluctuating voltages. Here, we present an efficient EG‐to‐formate evolution at an ultrawide potential range of 1.4–2.3 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, with Faradaic efficiencies of over 95% persisting on a sulfur‐modified NiCo‐based catalyst. It has been revealed that structural reconstruction engineering, governed by sulfur redox electrochemistry, provides active (oxy)hydroxide sites that promote key C–C scission with good robustness. Accordingly, this system exhibits exceptional durability of over 1100 h in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) electrolyzer and good tolerance to voltage intermittences and fluctuations. Deployment on a larger scale through a 5 × 4 cm 2 MEA series stack affords a formate productivity of 193.1 mmol h −1 at 4.0 A from real‐world PET waste hydrolysate, together with high carbon selectivity of 97% and stable operation for 500 h. This electrified process demonstrates great profitability and a negative carbon budget, highlighting its significant potential to advance the circular plastic economy and achieve carbon neutrality.

The Extended Language Network: Language-Responsive Brain Areas Whose Contributions to Language Remain To Be Discovered

Although language neuroscience has largely focused on “core” left frontal and temporal brain areas and their right-hemisphere homotopes, numerous other areas—cortical and subcortical—have been implicated in linguistic processing. However, these areas' contributions to language remain unclear given that the evidence for their recruitment comes from diverse paradigms, many of which conflate language processing with perceptual, motor, or task-related cognitive processes. Using fMRI data from 772 participants (438 females, 334 males) performing an extensively validated language “localizer” paradigm that isolates language processing from other processes, we (1) delineate a comprehensive set of areas that respond reliably to language across written and auditory modalities and (2) evaluate these areas' selectivity for language relative to a demanding nonlinguistic task. In line with prior claims, many areas outside the core fronto-temporal network respond during language processing, and most of them show selectivity for language relative to general task demands. These language-selective areas of the extended language network include areas around the temporal poles, in the medial frontal cortex, in the hippocampus, and in the cerebellum, among others. Although distributed across many parts of the brain, the extended language-selective network still only comprises a small fraction (<5%) of the gray matter volume, challenging the view that the entire brain processes language. These newly identified language-selective areas can now be systematically characterized to decipher their contributions to language processing, including testing whether these contributions differ from those of the core language areas.

Nitrogen fertilization and biostimulants in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) production: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and nutrient management framework

Abstract Sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) is a globally significant industrial crop, yet the interactive effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization and biostimulant application on yield and juice quality remain inadequately synthesized. Excessive N application suppresses sucrose content, elevates molassogenic impurities, and generates environmental externalities; however, no prior synthesis has coupled a systematic review with field-derived path analysis to jointly characterize the N × biostimulant system. The present study quantified the effects of N rate and biostimulant type on root yield, sucrose content, juice purity, and impurity concentrations through a PRISMA-compliant systematic review (68 eligible studies from 1,250 records; 50 with extractable data), random-effects meta-analysis, GRADE certainty grading, and a two-season split-plot field experiment ( n  = 72; Sakha, Egypt) analyzed by structural equation modelling (SEM). N rate positively predicted root yield (GRADE: MODERATE) but negatively affected sucrose content above 120 kg N ha⁻¹ (GRADE: LOW). All biostimulant outcomes were rated GRADE VERY LOW certainty due to high heterogeneity and publication bias. Path analysis confirmed potassium as the principal quality-limiting impurity and its co-accumulation with α-amino nitrogen (α-AN) under excess N. An optimal range of 90–120 kg N ha⁻¹ is supported by MODERATE-certainty evidence for Nile Delta clay-loam conditions. Biostimulant recommendations remain provisional pending pre-registered multi-location trials.

Janus Energy‐Mass Relay Architecture via High‐Entropy Catalysis for Non‐Equilibrium Solar Desalination

ABSTRACT To resolve the thermal‐mass mismatch bottleneck in solar‐driven interfacial evaporation, the study proposes a Janus interface energy‐mass relay integrating high‐entropy alloy oxide (HEAO) nanoparticles with a double‐network hydrogel. The hydrogel acts as an enthalpy modulator, pre‐activating bulk water and blocking conductive heat loss. The top HEAO layer serves as an entropy accelerator, leveraging its active sites and oxygen vacancies to rapidly shear the residual hydrogen bonds of pre‐activated water. In situ XPS and DFT analyses reveal that photo‐induced polarization at HEAO defects injects charge into water anti‐bonding orbitals, stretching the O─H bond to 1.209 Å. Consequently, the evaporator achieves an evaporation rate of 4.02 kg m −2  h −1 under one sun illumination. This work reveals the critical role of cascaded hydration editing in breaking the theoretical limits of interfacial phase transitions.

Speakers with Cerebellar Ataxia Do Not Adapt Speech Segment Durations in Response to Durationally Altered Auditory Feedback

Sensorimotor adaptation (motor learning) is crucial to maintain movement accuracy. This is particularly true for temporal control, as duration and initiation timing are perceived only after the movement and thus cannot benefit from mid-movement adjustments. The cerebellum is critical for both sensorimotor adaptation and various temporal functions, but its role in temporal adaptation has not been investigated. In this study, we examine the effect of cerebellar damage on temporal adaptation in speech, a natural but complex task that requires millisecond precision. We use an altered auditory feedback paradigm to extend the perceived duration of the vowel /ɛ/ in the word “best.” Neurobiologically healthy controls (12 male, 22 female) adaptively shorten their vowels, but temporal adaptation is abolished in speakers with cerebellar damage (10 male, 24 female), who instead lengthen their vowels in response to the lengthening perturbation. This departs from findings in the spatial domain, where cerebellar damage merely reduces sensorimotor adaptation. A subset of speakers with cerebellar damage have lower perceptual acuity for vowel duration than controls; however, perceptual deficits did not drive the lack of adaptation. We suggest that temporal adaptation in speech is abolished due to cerebellar involvement in three aspects of temporal control: duration representation, temporal coordination, and temporal estimation. As speech motor control is highly complex, future research is needed to determine if the lack of adaptation observed in this study is due to combined demands on multiple cerebellar functions or critical damage to a single function that is common to all temporal control.

Stochastic tri-level optimization for renewable power plant grid connection planning under uncertainty

Skin‐Inspired Relative Elastic Contact Coefficient Toward Electroluminescent Tactus

ABSTRACT Skin perceives touch by transmitting mechanical stimuli through a hierarchically organized, gradient‐modulus architecture that concentrates stress and localizes deformation to activate mechanoreceptors. Inspired by the hierarchical architecture of skin, modulus engineering has been introduced into artificial tactile systems. However, how stress transmission governs internal electric‐field distributions‐and how the coupling can be exploited for intelligent tactile perception‐remain largely unexplored. Here we report a skin‐inspired, gradient‐modulus electroluminescent pressure display that directly converts mechanical inputs into spatially resolved optical signals. Guided by Hertzian contact theory, we uncover gradient‐modulus‐induced stress focusing and deformation localization, which in turn redistributes the internal electric field and sensitizes the emissive layer to pressure. This mechano‐electro‐optical coupling enables intuitive visualization of tactile stimuli. Furthermore, the resulting spatiotemporal luminescence patterns provide rich information for intelligent tactile recognition. Our results establish a general strategy to bridge mechanical perception and optical output, offering a conceptual route toward visualized electronic skin and next‐generation human‐machine interfaces.

The Precision of Hippocampal Representations Predicts Incremental Value Learning across the Adult Lifespan

Correctly assigning value to different options and leveraging this information to guide choice is a cornerstone of adaptive decision-making. Reinforcement learning (RL) has provided a computational framework to study this process, and neural signals linked to RL have been identified in the striatum and medial prefrontal cortex. More recently, hippocampal contributions to this kind of value learning have been proposed, at least under some conditions. Here, we test whether the hippocampus provides a signal of the option's identity that aids in credit assignment when learning about several perceptually similar items and evaluate how this process differs across the lifespan. A sample of 251 younger and older adults (158 F; 93 M), including a subset ( n  = 76) with simultaneous fMRI, completed an RL task in which they learned the value of four houses through trial-and-error. Older adults showed decreased accuracy, accompanied by reduced neural signaling of value at choice but not feedback. Using representational similarity analysis, we found that the precision with which choice options were represented in the posterior hippocampus during choice predicted accuracy across age groups. Despite previous evidence for neural dedifferentiation with age, we found no support for a “blurring” of these stimulus representations in older adults. Rather, we observed reduced connectivity between the posterior hippocampus and the medial PFC in older adults, and this connectivity correlated with accuracy. Taken together, these findings identify a hippocampal contribution to incremental value learning, with age-related declines driven by reduced hippocampus–mPFC connectivity rather than a systematic change in the precision of hippocampal representations.