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Cost-effectiveness of chest radiography using artificial intelligence for lung cancer screening in South Korea
PCM1 coordinates centrosome asymmetry with polarized endosome dynamics to regulate daughter cell fate
Abstract Vertebrate radial glia progenitors (RGPs) balance self-renewal and differentiation through asymmetric cell division (ACD), which involves unequal centrosome inheritance. How centrosome asymmetry directs cell fate remains poorly understood. Here, we identify Pericentriolar material 1 (Pcm1) as a key player in this process. In zebrafish embryonic RGPs, Pcm1 is asymmetrically associated with Cep83, a mother centrosome marker. Using in vivo time-lapse imaging and nanoscale-resolution expansion microscopy, we detect Pcm1 on Notch ligand-containing endosomes, where it interacts–either directly or indirectly–with Par-3 and dynein. Loss of pcm1 disrupts endosome dynamics, increasing neuronal differentiation at the expense of RGP self-renewal. Mechanistically, Pcm1 facilitates the transition from Rab5b to Rab11a and promotes the assembly of Par-3 and dynein macromolecular complexes on recycling endosomes. Furthermore, we find conserved PARD3-PCM1-CEP83-RAB11 associations in human cortical brain organoids. Our findings uncover that Pcm1 links centrosome asymmetry to polarized endosome trafficking, thereby regulating RGP fate decisions.
Deep learning-based classification of benign and malignant breast microcalcifications in mammography
Concurrent warming, freshening and cessation of deep convection in the Labrador Sea raised its sea level to a record high
Abstract The Labrador Sea, a major North Atlantic carbon sink and source of ventilated intermediate-depth water masses, is a vital component of the global climate system. Since the 1950s, it has seen significant heat and freshwater content shifts, resulting in arguably the largest full-depth oceanic temperature and salinity changes ever recorded. Here, we quantitatively assess the relative contributions of these changes to sea level variability. Using satellite altimetry in conjunction with profiling Argo float and ship-based hydrographic measurements, we show that between 2017 and 2025 the central Labrador Sea experienced an exceptionally fast sea level rise to record high. Six concurrent factors contributed to this – reduced winter cooling, enhanced summer warming, anomalous freshening, ceased deep convection, reduced deep-water density, and water-column mass gain. The temperature-driven sea level changes are controlled by surface heat fluxes. The salinity effects switched from counterbalancing temperature effect (1948–2015) to reinforcing (2015–2023), making the unprecedented Labrador Sea freshening and feeding it extreme Arctic sea ice losses (with a two-year lag) essential contributors to the 2017–2025 sea level rise.
Age-dependent increases in dorsal hippocampal postsynaptic α5GABA-a receptors may be lost in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease
Data-driven dynamic modeling for inverter-based resources using neural networks
A design of multiple color image encryption scheme based on finite algebraic structures
Structural mechanisms of allosteric regulation in the human cis-prenyltransferase complex
Development and validation of an interpretable predictive machine learning model for successful weaning of continuous renal replacement therapy
Maternal histone methyltransferases antagonistically regulate autosomal random monoallelic expression (aRMAE) in C. elegans
Abstract Undefined epigenetic programs act to probabilistically silence individual autosomal alleles, generating unique individuals, even from genetic clones. This random monoallelic expression can explain variation in traits and diseases that differences in genes and environments cannot. Here, we developed the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to study monoallelic expression in whole tissues, and defined a developmental genetic regulation pathway. We found maternal H3K9 histone methyltransferase (HMT) SET-25/SUV39/G9a works with HPL-2/HP1 and LIN-61/L3MBTL2 to randomly silence alleles in the intestinal progenitor E-cell of 8-cell embryos to cause monoallelic expression. SET-25 was antagonized by another maternal H3K9 HMT, MET-2/SETDB1, which works with LIN-65/ATF7IP and ARLE-14/ARL14EP to prevent monoallelic expression. The HMT catalytic SET domains of both MET-2 and SET-25 were required for regulating monoallelic expression. Our data support a model wherein SET-25 and MET-2 regulate histones during development to generate patterns of somatic monoallelic expression that are persistent but not heritable.
Multi-scale Wavelet-Mamba framework for spatiotemporal traffic forecasting
Structure of an LGR dimer, an evolutionary predecessor of glycoprotein hormone receptors
Assessing the quality and educational applicability of AI-generated anterior segment images in ophthalmology
Abstract Text-to-image (T2I) artificial intelligence models are being increasingly explored in medical education, yet their utility in ophthalmology remains unclear. Slit-lamp anterior segment photography, as a cornerstone of ophthalmic training, provides an ideal context for evaluation. We assessed 40 cases of anterior segment disease. The text descriptions were generated using GPT-4o, and the corresponding images were synthesized via Sora Turbo. Readability was analysed with the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), Flesch‒Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), and Gunning Fog Scale (GFS). Twenty ophthalmologists (10 juniors, 10 seniors) rated image-text pairs across five dimensions—text accuracy, image reliability, recognizability, educational value, and generation stability—using a 5-point Likert scale. Entities with distinct morphological features, such as cataracts and subconjunctival haemorrhages, received the highest total scores, whereas those with entropion and corneal foreign bodies scored the lowest. Readability analysis indicated advanced text complexity. Senior ophthalmologists consistently provided lower ratings than junior clinicians did, highlighting expertise-related differences in perceived educational value. Sora Turbo can generate clinically useful anterior segment images for educational purposes, particularly for pathologies with prominent morphological features. This first systematic evaluation in ophthalmology demonstrates the promise of AI-generated atlases as scalable teaching resources for early-stage trainees while emphasizing the need for expert validation and ethical oversight before integration into formal curricula.
Porin A and α/β-hydrolase are necessary and sufficient for hemolysis induced by Bartonella bacilliformis
Abstract Carrion’s disease is endemic to the South American Andes and is characterized by fatal hemolytic anemia. This neglected tropical disease is caused by Bartonella bacilliformis , a fastidious and slow-growing pathogen difficult in genetic manipulation. In this study, we determine that porin A and α/β-hydrolase are both necessary and sufficient for hemolysis induced by B. bacilliformis . These genes are identified through a screen of a Tn5 transposon mutant library. Using markerless deletion mutagenesis, porin A and α/β-hydrolase deletion mutants are generated and functionally analyzed by hemolysis assays. In silico analyses predict conserved biological functions and three-dimensional structures of the identified proteins, with the α/β-hydrolase showing structural similarity to known lipases. Site-directed mutagenesis of the α/β-hydrolase active site demonstrates that the catalytic triad (Ser205, Asp267, His310) is essential for its hemolytic function. Screening of a phospholipase inhibitor library comprising 27 bioactive compounds identifies compound 48/80 as a potent inhibitor of hemolysis, with activity in the micromolar range. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying Carrion’s disease may facilitate the future development of anti-virulence therapies, a promising strategy particularly in the context of increasing antibiotic resistance of B. bacilliformis .
Postoperative residual neuropathic pain prevents return to work after cervical OPLL surgery: nationwide multicenter study
Dynamical development of strength and stability of asteroid material under 440 GeV proton beam irradiation
Abstract Asteroid materials experience rapid thermoelastic and plastic stress evolution when subjected to high-energy irradiation – an effect that has not previously been captured through non-destructive, time-resolved experiments. Yet, accurate modeling of asteroid deflection scenarios, such as those proposed for planetary defense, critically depends on precise knowledge of the material’s mechanical behavior under extreme conditions to predict kinetic energy transfer and orbital deviation. In an experimental campaign at CERN’s High Radiation to Materials facility (HiRadMat), we irradiated a Campo del Cielo iron meteorite sample with 440 GeV protons from the Super Proton Synchrotron. Using Laser Doppler Vibrometry, we captured the resulting thermally induced stress waves in real time. Our results demonstrate that asteroid materials can absorb significantly more energy without structural failure than normal material parameters would suggest. Crucially, we were able to reproduce–under controlled laboratory conditions–the discrepancy factor observed between laboratory-derived yield strength values and those inferred from atmospheric meteor breakup events.
Dual-responsive bis-Schiff base fluorescent probe for simultaneous detection of Zn2+ and HClO in environmental monitoring and information encryption
Germline polymorphisms in the immunoglobulin kappa and lambda loci underpinning antibody light chain repertoire variability
Abstract Variation in antibody (Ab) responses contributes to variable disease outcomes and therapeutic responsiveness, the determinants of which are incompletely understood. This study demonstrates that polymorphisms in immunoglobulin (IG) light chain loci dictate the composition of the Ab repertoire, establishing fundamental baseline differences that influence functional Ab-mediated responses. Using long-read genomic sequencing of the IG kappa (IGK) and IG lambda (IGL) loci, we resolve genetic variation, including structural variants, single nucleotide variants, and gene alleles. By integrating these genetic data with Ab repertoire profiling, we find that all forms of IG germline variation contribute to inter-individual gene usage differences for >70% of light chain genes in the repertoire, directly impacting the amino acids of expressed light chain transcripts. The genomic locations of usage-associated variants in both intergenic and coding regions indicate that IG polymorphisms modulate gene usage via diverse mechanisms, likely including the modulation of V(D)J recombination, heavy and light chain pairing biases, and transcription/translation. Finally, relative to IGL, IGK is characterized by more extensive linkage disequilibrium and genetic co-regulation of gene usage. These results firmly establish the critical contribution of IG light chain polymorphism in Ab repertoire diversity, with important implications for investigating Ab responses in health and disease.