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Spatial correlation network characteristics and driving factors of carbon emissions from cultivated land use in the yellow river basin
Mechanisms of diterpenes from Scutellaria Barbata D. Don against colorectal cancer via network pharmacology and experimental verification
ZFP612 controls neuropathic pain through epigenetic repression of Il1rl1 within the silencer–promoter loop in primary sensory neurons of male mice
Astragalus membranaceus injection activates mitophagy and protects mitochondrial function in chronic heart failure via inhibiting AKT/mTOR pathway
Innovative approaches for predicting the elastic modulus and tensile strength of green concrete using soft computing methods
Synthesis of bimetallic MOFs via interface control using gallium-based liquid metal
Abstract Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous crystalline materials whose composition and structure can be tuned for catalysis, sensing, and optoelectronic applications. Incorporating two different metal ions into a single framework can broaden the functionalities of MOFs. However, conventional solvothermal synthesis typically requires high temperature and long reaction times, while electrochemical anodic dissolution is limited by solid anodes that can only supply a single metal source. For active metals such as Mg, the rapid formation of a passivation layer on solid anodes hinders the continuous release of metal ions. Here, we introduce a liquid metal interface-controlled electrochemical strategy using a fluid Mg-Ga alloy anode, overcoming the single-metal limitation of conventional anodic deposition. The self-healing surface of liquid gallium and its high surface tension induce electrocapillarity and Marangoni flow under an applied bias, enabling dynamic and spatially uniform release of Mg²⁺ ions that co-assemble precisely with Zn²⁺ from solution. Under an optimized bias of 0.3 V, the resulting bimetallic ZnMg-MOF-74 exhibits high crystallinity, nanosheet morphology, and uniform metal distribution. The ZnMgO oxide derived from a two-step annealing process shows excellent ultraviolet photodetection performance, with a responsivity of 1.48 A/W and a fast rise time of 0.32 s. This substrate-free and composition-controllable platform highlights a strategy for interface-driven synthesis of multimetallic MOFs and their derivatives for sensing and optoelectronic applications.
Diagnostic performance of mini nutritional Assessment-Short form against the global leadership initiative on malnutrition criteria
Virological outcomes and treatment retention in North Vietnam amidst transition to social insurance-based HIV services and dolutegravir-based regimens
Abstract Vietnam has been experiencing the transition from donor-based to social insurance-based antiretroviral therapy (ART), the COVID-19 pandemic, and expansion of dolutegravir (DTG) use. We assessed virological outcomes, care retention, and effectiveness and tolerability of switching to DTG-containing regimen among people living with HIV (PLHIV) during these changes. PLHIV with suppressed HIV viral load (HIV-VL) who were receiving ART at 11 facilities in North Vietnam were enrolled in a prospective cohort from December 2019 through September 2021 and followed up until March 2023. This cohort of 2,233 PLHIV on ART maintained viral suppression rates (HIV-VL < 50 copies/mL) of > 90% and care retention rates of > 87% throughout the study period. Incidence of viremia (HIV-VL ≥ 200 copies/mL) was 3.2/100 person-years during follow-up. Only 32 (1.4%) PLHIV had any drug resistance mutations; no DTG-associated mutation was observed. Of 1,891 who switched to DTG-containing regimens, 292 (15.4%) discontinued DTG, most commonly owing to DTG stockout (80.8%). Average weight gain was greater in the first measurement after switching than in subsequent measurements. In conclusion, successful maintenance of virologic outcomes of ART and high treatment retention were observed amid various social and clinical changes in Vietnam. These real-world data support the national rollout of DTG.
Mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to type VI secretion system attacks
Abstract The Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) is a molecular nanomachine that injects toxic effector proteins into the environment or neighboring cells, playing an important role in interbacterial competition and host antagonism during infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa encodes three T6SSs. One of them, the H1-T6SS, delivers toxins in response to attacks mediated by the T6SS of aggressor bacteria, suggesting that P. aeruginosa can resist T6SS assaults. The mechanisms of resistance are poorly characterized. Here, we perform a CRISPRi screen to identify pathways involved in resistance to T6SS effectors of Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 and Vibrio cholerae 2740-80. We show that members of the GacA/GacS regulon, such as the mag operon or aas , and GacA-independent factors, like the outer membrane protein OprF, confer resistance to different types of T6SS toxins. Interestingly, some of these T6SS protection mechanisms lead to higher antibiotic susceptibility, suggesting complex evolutionary links between T6SS and antibiotic resistance.
Exploring the exact solutions of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation with advection noise in fluid dynamics
Experimental study on concrete expansion performance and cracking time under SCDA pressure using DOFS technology
Disruption of the PIKfyve complex unveils an adaptive mechanism to promote lysosomal repair and mitochondrial homeostasis
Abstract Lysosomes are essential organelles that regulate cellular homeostasis through complex membrane interactions. Phosphoinositide lipids play critical roles in orchestrating these functions by recruiting specific proteins to organelle membranes. The PIKfyve/Fig4/Vac14 complex regulates PI(3,5)P₂ metabolism, and intriguingly, while loss-of-function mutations cause neurodegeneration, acute PIKfyve inhibition shows therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders. We demonstrate that PIKfyve/Fig4/Vac14 dysfunction triggers a compensatory response where reduced mTORC1 activity leads to ULK1-dependent trafficking of ATG9A and PI4KIIα from the TGN to lysosomes. This increases lysosomal PI(4)P, facilitating cholesterol and phosphatidylserine transport at ER-lysosome contacts to promote membrane repair. Concurrently, elevated lysosomal PI(4)P recruits ORP1L to ER-lysosome-mitochondria three-way contacts, enabling PI(4)P transfer to mitochondria that drives ULK1-dependent fragmentation and increased respiration. These findings reveal a role for PIKfyve/Fig4/Vac14 in coordinating lysosomal repair and mitochondrial homeostasis, offering insights into cellular stress responses.
Occurrence, metallo-toxicological interactions, and health risks of selected potentially toxic elements in the River Offin, Ghana
Development of a quartz-based geothermometer for biogenic chert
Topological radiation from vortex masers
Abstract Vortex singularities in acoustic and electromagnetic fields are instrumental degrees of freedom in advanced wavefront-shaping schemes and robust high-throughput communications. Laser sources that emit coherent vortices in free space have been demonstrated at optical frequencies, however their microwave counterparts, vortex masers , have remained entirely unexplored, despite their promising application potential as low-noise quantum sources and sensors. Here, we demonstrate a room-temperature maser emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation with polarization and phase vortices, based on the physics of 3D topological vectorial singularities. Nontrivial microwave photons with polarization winding are emitted from a maser made of a subwavelength dielectric cavity filled with an organic gain medium. By topping the cavity with a chiral metasurface, the circular polarizations decouple, allowing the masing of pulses with nonzero orbital angular momentum revealed through nontrivial wavefront winding. Our work paves the way for multidimensional vortex and singularity emission from volumetric coherent microwave sources, topological photonic radiation, and novel practical applications of masers.
Multi-omics exploration demonstrated the antidepressant effects of chrysophanol on diabetes-depression comorbidity rats via inflammatory, and neurodegenerative axes
A multi-strategy improved lemur optimiser for global optimisation and engineering applications
Higher interglacial dust fluxes relative to glacial periods in southwestern North American deserts
Abstract Lengthy and continuous dust flux records from the deserts of southwestern North America are needed to understand the long-term impacts of climate on dust emissions and the relative influence of regional versus intercontinental dust sources. Here, we perform a particle size end-member analysis of a ~230,000-year sediment record from Stoneman Lake, Arizona, USA, revealing the area directly downwind of this important dust source region is 1.2–10 times dustier during peak interglacial periods compared to glacial maxima. This contrasts with other global dust records and aligns with the region’s distinctive dry interglacial and pluvial glacial climates. Our analyses indicate minimal deposition of intercontinental dust and suggest the primary driver of dustiness is regional fine sediment supply, governed by desert alluvial and fluvial system responses to climate change. On the other hand, changes in atmospheric circulation and factors affecting wet and dry fallout appear to exert little control on regional dust flux variability.