Browse Articles
Discover research articles across all indexed journals
Influence of laser powder bed fusion build orientation on the corrosion resistance of CoCrWMo alloy considering dislocation density character and lattice microstrain
Abstract This study investigates the impact of build orientation on the corrosion resistance of CoCrWMo alloys fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF). Samples printed at angles from 0° to 90° were characterized using SEM, XRD (with modified Williamson-Hall and Warren-Averbach analysis), and potentiodynamic polarization in Ringer’s solution. The results revealed that build orientation strongly affects microstrain, dislocation density, and dislocation character, which in turn govern passive layer composition and corrosion behavior. The sample printed at 90° exhibited the highest corrosion resistance, correlating with the lowest dislocation density, minimal microstrain, and the highest fraction of screw dislocations. XPS analysis showed this sample had the most Cr-rich passive layer, with Cr₂O₃ accounting for over 60% of oxide species. In contrast, low-angle samples exhibited more edge dislocations, higher microstrain, and less protective oxide films. These findings highlight the critical role of build-induced crystallographic anisotropy and defect structure in shaping corrosion response in L-PBF-processed biomedical alloys. The study also demonstrates the utility of advanced XRD-based methods for quantifying lattice distortions and dislocation populations. Importantly, the results support sustainable design strategies by enhancing corrosion resistance through process control, reducing reliance on coatings or alloying, and promoting resource-efficient manufacturing of biomedical and engineering components.
Securing interfacial cationic copper for acidic CO2 reduction to ethylene
Investigating the impact of oxygen concentration on the assembly of human papillomavirus virus like particles
CIRCA: comprehensible online system in support of chest X-rays-based screening by COVID-19 example
The CTLH ubiquitin ligase substrates ZMYND19 and MKLN1 negatively regulate mTORC1 at the lysosomal membrane
Abstract Most Epstein–Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) harbor non-silent mutations that activate phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) to drive downstream metabolic signaling. To gain insights into PI3K/mTOR pathway dysregulation in this context, we perform a human genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen for hits that synergistically blocked EBVaGC proliferation together with the PI3K antagonist alpelisib. Multiple subunits of carboxy terminal to LisH (CTLH) E3 ligase, including the catalytic MAEA subunit, are among top screen hits. CTLH negatively regulates gluconeogenesis in yeast, but not in higher organisms. The CTLH substrates MKLN1 and ZMYND19, which highly accumulated upon MAEA knockout, associate with one another and with lysosome outer membranes to inhibit mTORC1. Rather than perturbing mTORC1 lysosomal recruitment, ZMYND19 and MKLN1 block the interaction between mTORC1 and Rheb and also with mTORC1 substrates S6 and 4E-BP1. Thus, CTLH enables cells to rapidly tune mTORC1 activity at the lysosomal membrane via the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway.
Evaluating the quality and durability of offsite-constructed housing in Uganda using a composite quality index
Centrally administered thromboxane A2 analogue facilitates the micturition reflex in rats
Forestalled phase separation as the precursor to stripe order
Abstract Stripe order is a prominent feature in the phase diagram of the cuprate superconductors and has been established as the lowest-energy state of the two-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard model in relevant regimes. As temperature rises, stripes and superconductivity give way to the interesting strange-metal and pseudogap regimes. Here we investigate a crucial aspect of these regimes using numerical simulations of the square lattice Hubbard model. Using infinite projected entangled pair states with purification in the thermodynamic limit, we show that the thermodynamic charge susceptibility develops a broad maximum above the stripe regime at filling near n = 0.90, that strengthens upon cooling. Minimally entangled typical thermal states on finite cylinders attribute this enhancement to the emergence of large, fluctuating charge clusters, while the charge susceptibility remains finite. Upon further cooling, the cluster sizes stop broadening and lock to the stripe wavelength, indicating that interaction-driven clustering organizes the intermediate-temperature landscape but is ultimately forestalled by stripe order at low temperature.
Analysing the effect of full-length and C-terminally truncated progranulin on proliferation, colony formation, and migration in HepG2 and U87 cells
Abstract Progranulin, the precursor protein to seven and a half distinct granulin motifs (GRNs), has been implicated in a broad range of diseases. Progranulin depletion is one of the most frequent causes for hereditary Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). On the other hand, elevated progranulin levels have been associated with increased malignancy of many tumours, manifesting in increased cell proliferation, migration, metastasis formation, and reduced sensitivity to chemotherapeutics. While some functions can be unambiguously attributed to either full-length progranulin or one or multiple of the different GRNs, much about the interplay between progranulin and GRNs remains unknown. Here, we aimed to test the effect of progranulin overexpression on cell-based tumorigenicity assays, assessing proliferation, migration, and colony formation, using the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 and the glioblastoma cell line U87. We transduced these cells with lentiviral vectors to overexpress full-length progranulin, two different C-terminally truncated progranulin proteins, lacking either the last two or the last four GRNs, or a triple FLAG-tagged maltose binding protein as a control. We observed increased colony formation in HepG2 overexpressing the full-length progranulin but not the C-terminally truncated constructs. The U87 cell lines were neither affected by an increase in progranulin levels nor by the depletion of progranulin.
Mesenchymal stem cells-like as a prognostic biomarker in patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia
Plasma-wakefield accelerator simultaneously boosts electron beam energy and brightness
Abstract High-energy particle colliders and X-ray free-electron lasers demand electron beams with qualities currently achieved only in kilometer-scale radio-frequency accelerators. Plasma accelerators promise a compact alternative but have faced challenges in delivering the needed beam quality at relevant energies. Here, we demonstrate that a plasma-wakefield accelerator operating in the nonlinear regime acts as a transformer to simultaneously boost the energy and brightness of an electron bunch injected from the plasma. Using a 10-GeV drive bunch and a three-stage meter-scale plasma source, we generated electron bunches exceeding 20 GeV with sub-percent energy spread, 2 mm·mrad normalized emittance, and multi-kA peak current. A significant number of drive-bunch electrons lost over 90% of their energy, a prerequisite for high energy-conversion efficiency. This demonstration of an energy transformer ratio exceeding two and a brightness enhancement over an order of magnitude opens a path towards cost-effective accelerators for future colliders and light sources.
A multi-site cross-sectional study of work-related flow and affective domain in dialysis nurses
Circulating tumor cells as prognostic biomarkers in advanced gastric cancer treated with CDC25B phosphatase inhibitors
Metastable dual-defect states drive deep protonation for selective CO2 photomethanation
Regional genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus in Ethiopia urban and peri-urban dairy farms
Enhancement of thermal performance in rectangular solar air heater duct using tetrahedron-shaped turbulators
Abstract This study investigates the effectiveness of tetrahedron-shaped turbulators attached to the bottom surface of a heated absorber plate to increase heat transfer in solar air heaters (SAHs). By utilizing three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics analysis, this study evaluates the impact of these turbulators on the heat transfer while accounting for friction losses in an in-line arrangement. The tetrahedron geometry significantly improves the heat transfer efficiency, with the thermo-hydraulic performance (THP) parameter serving as a quantitative metric for assessing heat transfer enhancement, incorporating friction energy losses and aiding in the optimization of turbulator geometry. The results of a parametric study indicate that a reduced relative longitudinal pitch ( P / D ) ratio significantly enhances the effectiveness of turbulators at a constant Reynolds number. Additionally, increased turbulator height correlates with improvements in the Nusselt number by facilitating better mixing within the SAH. The leading-edge angle of the turbulator emerges as a critical determinant of THP, with a negative angle $$\left(\beta =-30^\circ \right)$$ demonstrating significant performance enhancements over a neutral angle $$\left(\beta =0^\circ \right)$$ , which is attributed to improved mixing dynamics and reduced frictional resistance. The study identifies an optimal THP value of 1.78, which is achieved with $$(P/D)=0.812$$ , $$(e/D)=0.27$$ , $$(p/D)=0.75$$ , and $$\beta =-30^\circ$$ at a Reynolds number of 9000.