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Photocatalytic Solar Hydrogen Peroxide Production on Donor+Acceptor Linear Polymer Semiconductor Powders Reconfigurable by H‐Bonding and π‐Stacking Interactions

ABSTRACT Developing an artificial photosynthesis technology that converts earth‐abundant resources into fuels using metal‐free photocatalysts with water as an electron donor is challenging. A few active organic semiconductors require harsh synthesis conditions and expensive reagents. Here, we report that a 1,4‐conjugated linear polymer, poly(2,3‐dihydroxynaphthalene) [poly23DHN], synthesized by the polymerization of inexpensive 23DHN at room temperature, behaves as a heterogeneous catalyst for artificial photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in water with O 2 . The polymer is soluble in polar organic solvents but insoluble in water. The insolubilization of the polymer leads to self‐assembly of a hydroquinone–quinone donor+acceptor semiconducting architecture via H‐bonding and π‐stacking interactions. The formed powders catalyze water oxidation and O 2 reduction under visible light up to ∼700 nm. Photocatalyst sheets easily prepared by dropping a polymer‐dissolved solution onto a substrate stably generate H 2 O 2 . This polymer design that creates semiconducting structure through spontaneous H‐bonding and π‐stacking offers a scalable, easy‐to‐handle, cost‐effective approach for solar fuel generation.

Medium-adaptive wideband near-field antenna for microwave detection of internal cavities in plant stems

Abstract This paper presents a novel medium-adaptive wideband near-field antenna for early detection of internal cavities in plant stems, including branches and small trunks. Unlike conventional antennas designed for free-space operation, the proposed antenna is explicitly engineered to operate in close proximity to a lossy, anisotropic, and dispersive cylindrical medium representing wood tissues. A physics-based electromagnetic model of the stem is incorporated into the design process, enabling accurate optimization under realistic dielectric loading conditions. The antenna consists of a compact quasi-planar dipole with blended arms integrated with a medium-adaptive dual-ring balun that ensures balanced current excitation and stable impedance matching under strong near-field loading. Both simulation and experimental measurements demonstrate wideband impedance matching to a 50 Ω source over the 2.0–3.0 GHz frequency range. Surface current distribution and specific absorption rate (SAR) analyses confirm efficient electromagnetic coupling into the stem tissues with minimal radiation leakage. To evaluate the sensing capability of the proposed design, a conceptual two-element antenna system is introduced as a feasibility study for cavity detection. The detection performance is assessed through a sensitivity-driven framework based on variations in both self- and mutual-scattering parameters. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis is conducted to quantify the response of the system to changes in cavity diameter, radial position, and angular location. The results demonstrate that while the reflection coefficient is primarily sensitive to near-surface inhomogeneities, the mutual coupling between antenna elements provides strong and reliable sensitivity to internal cavity characteristics. Based on the sensitivity analysis, an optimal operating frequency band centered at 2.76 GHz and an appropriate antenna clearance are identified to maximize detection performance. The proposed antenna and sensing methodology are further validated through experimental measurements, confirming the consistency with numerical results. Simulation results demonstrate cavity-detection sensitivity, while experimental measurements validate the antenna impedance matching and mutual-coupling characteristics. The compact geometry of the antenna enables scalable multi-element configurations, establishing a practical framework for non-destructive, microwave-based monitoring of internal tree degradation in agricultural and forestry applications.

Uncertainty-guided mamba network for efficient medical image segmentation with evidential deep learning

Exploring microbial-derived chondroitin sulfate as a suppressor of microglial inflammation and pyroptosis

Deep learning single-cell analysis for cytologic evaluation of oral potentially malignant disorders

Abstract Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) such as leukoplakia and erythroplakia may harbor dysplasia or progress to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), yet visual inspection alone is unreliable for risk assessment. Cytology offers a minimally invasive adjunct, but conventional approaches depend on manual feature extraction and subjective review. Herein we report a deep learning (DL) object detection model that directly classifies four cell phenotypes: differentiated squamous epithelial (DSE) cells, small round (SR) cells, leukocytes, and lone nuclei. The DL model produced cytology-derived parameters that correlated strongly with histopathologic diagnoses across 692 subjects with OPMDs, OSCC, and healthy controls, including declining DSE cell proportion and increasing SR cells and leukocytes with disease severity ( p  < 0.0001). The oral cancer numerical index (OCNI) achieved AUROC values up to 0.99 for malignant versus healthy lesions, with excellent reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient ≥ 0.96). This reproducible, minimally invasive test provides a robust platform for early detection and surveillance of OPMDs.

Influence of milk type, fat reduction and ripening time on the proteolysis, textural properties and volatile compounds in acid- and heat-coagulated Circassian cheese

The multiple mediating effects of emotional distress and inhibitory control between physical activity and adolescent internet addiction

Site‐Specific Ir Single Atoms in Spinel Induce 5 <i>d</i> Spin Polarization for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution

ABSTRACT Precise control of the coordination environment of single‐atom centers is essential to reveal how local symmetry governs electronic structure and catalytic behavior. Here, we develop a Li‐assisted vacancy‐engineering strategy to selectively embed Ir single atoms into tetrahedral and octahedral sites of spinel ZnCo 2 O 4 , producing well‐defined single‐atom catalysts with precisely controlled coordination environments. Theoretical calculations and experiments reveal that octahedral incorporation induces 5 d electronic reconfiguration and spin polarization in Ir, driven by strengthened hybridization between Ir 5 d states and the surrounding Co‐O framework. This coordination‐controlled electronic state reshapes oxygen‐intermediate binding energetics, thereby enhancing intrinsic reactivity. Consequently, octahedral‐site Ir exhibits an exceptional oxygen evolution reaction (OER) mass activity of 5520  A/g Ir at 300 mV, which is 920 times higher than that of IrO 2 , and maintains stability for over 200 h in an anion‐exchange membrane electrolyzer. These findings highlight the key role of crystallographic site selection in tuning 5 d single‐atom electronic structure and offer mechanistic insight into coordination‐controlled OER reactivity.

Spatial-aware energy learning for out-of-distribution segmentation in railway intrusion detection

Mosquito-mediated dissemination of pyriproxyfen from pyriproxyfen-based painted surfaces causes metamorphosis disruption in mosquito aquatic stages

Unlocking Zn‐Ion Diffusion in Disordered Rocksalt Cathodes for Nonaqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries

ABSTRACT Multivalent batteries, particularly zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs), are promising candidates for high‐energy–density energy storage. However, their development is hindered by a scarcity of suitable cathode materials capable of the reversible (de)intercalation of Zn 2+ . To address this challenge, we propose cation‐disordered rocksalt (DRX) cathodes, which have demonstrated excellent performance in Li‐ion batteries, as a versatile host framework for nonaqueous ZIBs. Specifically, a vacancy‐containing Mn 0.4 Ti 0.4 O 2 DRX cathode demonstrates a reversible capacity of 170 mAh g −1 in nonaqueous ZIBs. Our investigation reveals that the Zn 2+ ionic diffusion mechanism within the DRX framework is intrinsically sluggish compared to monovalent ions like Li + due to strong electrostatic repulsion. Therefore, to successfully unlock Zn 2+ migration, we show that it is necessary to introduce cation vacancies into the host, which significantly reduces the ion migration barrier. Additionally, we suggest that anion engineering may further enhance diffusion kinetics. This work expands the cathode material landscape for ZIBs and provides general insights into the design of disordered hosts for multivalent ion storage.

Fractal Sierpinski triangle block division for retina-based glaucoma detection using an optimized hybrid deep learning model

Abstract Glaucoma is a primary cause of permanent vision loss, and it often gets worse without anybody noticing. This makes it very important to find it early to stop vision loss. Manually evaluating retinal fundus images frequently necessitates considerable effort and is prone to observer-dependent discrepancies. To address these constraints, a new automated method for detecting glaucoma is presented. It combines fractal-inspired Sierpinski triangle spatial decomposition with multi-scale triangular segmentation to reliably identify clinically important areas of the retina. Handcrafted descriptors that include statistical, frequency-domain, wavelet, morphological, and texture-uniformity data are taken from small areas, giving a detailed and unique picture of the structures in the retina. A hybrid deep learning system that combines bidirectional LSTM, bidirectional GRU, and CNN with Bi-LSTM models that have attention layers captures spatial-temporal connections while highlighting essential visual cues for diagnosis. The Harris Hawks Optimizer, Grey Wolf Optimizer, Red Fox Optimizer, and Social Feature Optimizer are all examples of meta-heuristic algorithms that improve the feature subset. The HHO-based version gives the best results. A thorough examination using benchmark datasets shows that the system works very well, with 98.48% accuracy on Drishti-GS, 98.99% on Origa, 97.44% on RimOne-V2, 97.80% on HVD Binary-Class, 99.02% on HVD-Advance, 98.05% on HVD-Early, and 97.11% on HVD Multi-Class trials. The proposed system shows high reliability and stability in glaucoma diagnosis, delivering consistent performance across multiple datasets. It provides a scalable, non-invasive, and efficient solution for automatic detection, supporting doctors in early treatment and improving patients chances of recovery.

Water‐Dispersible Ruthenium Nanocatalyst for Carbonyl Reduction With D ₂ or T ₂ in Aqueous Media

ABSTRACT The growing development of biologics as therapeutic agents urges the development of efficient catalytic methods enabling the direct incorporation of hydrogen isotopes from readily available and easy‐to‐handle isotopic sources in aqueous media. In this context, we report the synthesis and characterization of water‐dispersible ruthenium nanoparticles stabilized by the commercially available phosphine ligand sSPhos, and their application as catalysts for carbonyl reduction reactions under low‐pressure deuterium and tritium atmospheres. Using this nanocatalyst, a broad range of functionalized deuterated alcohols was successfully obtained in high isotopic enrichment from diverse aldehyde precursors, including a large cyclic peptide derivative (acetyl‐cyclosporin A). Mechanistic investigations revealed that in some cases, deuterium incorporation proceeds through both hydrogen isotope exchange on the aldehyde starting material and the reductive deuteration pathway. To demonstrate the synthetic utility of this methodology for the regioselective labeling of complex molecules, a two‐step sequence consisting of Bobbitt's salt‐mediated oxidation of the alcohol followed by its reductive deuteration was successfully applied to the active pharmaceutical ingredient losartan and a peptide‐derived cathepsin‐cleavable linker widely used in antibody–drug conjugates. Together with the successful tritiation experiment, these results highlight the broad method potential for the challenging hydrogen isotope labeling of complex polar molecules and biologics.

Novel application of attention-enhanced hybrid efficient net for multi-scale histopathological cancer classification

Rational Tailoring of Hole‐Selective Self‐Assembly Monolayers Based on Sulfur‐Containing Heterocycles for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

ABSTRACT Conventional hole‑selective self‑assembled monolayers (SAMs) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have largely focused on tuning electronic properties while neglecting their roles as crystallization templates and defect passivators. We address this by replacing unstable Lewis‑basic thioalkyl groups with sulfur‑containing heterocycles (thiophene derivatives) in a carbazole‑based SAM framework. Two novel non‑centrosymmetric SAMs, TP, and BTP, are synthesized; BTP, with an extended conjugated scaffold, exhibits reduced sulfur electron density, superior stability, and stronger intermolecular C−H···π and S···π interactions. These properties enable dense, ordered assembly on ITO, enhancing hole mobility, built‑in potential, and wettability. BTP also passivates undercoordinated Pb 2+ ions at the buried interface via Lewis acid–base interactions, reducing trap density and non‑radiative recombination. The champion inverted PSC achieves 26.85% efficiency with a fill factor of 86.67% and retains 96% of initial efficiency after 1100 h at 65 °C. This work presents a molecular engineering strategy that simultaneously optimizes electronic properties, interfacial assembly, and defect passivation for high‑performance, stable PSCs.

A schema‑based dual‑path model linking service innovation to revisit intention with proactive personality as a moderator

Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)‐Ineleganolide

ABSTRACT Polycyclic cembrane diterpenoids and norditerpenoids have garnered sustained interest from the synthetic community due to their unique polycyclic frameworks and promising biological activities. Herein, we report a 13‐step total synthesis of (+)‐ineleganolide, a highly oxidized cembrane norditerpenoid possessing a synthetically challenging [6,7,5,5,5] cage‐type pentacyclic scaffold. This synthesis is highlighted by a novel strategy relying on an intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction that stereoselectively constructs the pivotal [6,6,5,5,5] pentacyclic framework as a single diastereoisomer, addressing stereochemical control challenges. In the late‐stage elaboration, a tandem epoxidation/Meinwald rearrangement efficiently forges the sterically congested central seven‐membered ring. This synthetic strategy provides a new blueprint for accessing other members of the cembrane norditerpenoid family.

The association of SPISE with cardiometabolic multimorbidity and stroke in middle-aged and older adults: a nationwide prospective cohort study

Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides by a Covalent Catch‐and‐Release Approach

ABSTRACT A covalent catch‐and‐release approach is described for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of HS oligosaccharides. It exploits that a glycan modified by a hydrazide tag can under mild acidic conditions efficiently be reacted with an aldehyde‐containing resin to give an immobilized hydrazone product. The hydrazone is stable under neutral conditions, allowing stringent washing conditions to remove all other components. The product can be released by transiminolysis using aqueous hydroxylamine, which, after evaporation, yields a compound that can be immediately employed in the next cycle of modification. As many as 11 consecutive transformations could be performed to give a homogenous octasaccharide having a complex pattern of sulfation and epimerization. The methodology provides opportunities to prepare convenient collections of biologically important HS oligosaccharides for structure‐function studies.

Plasma endocan and cleaved endocan for the diagnosis of microbiologically confirmed ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care patients