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Radon single-pixel flying target classification via texture-fused lightweight differentiable operators
Chaos of the new multiplicative logistic map
Biosynthesis of the Biphenomycin Family of Potent Antibiotics
Abstract Peptide natural products are important molecules for the development of efficient drugs for human health applications. The biphenomycins are bacterial macrocyclic peptides characterized by unique ortho ‐tyrosine ( o Tyr) residues connected by biaryl linkages. Biphenomycins possess potent antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive pathogens at low doses with no eukaryotic toxicity. Despite their initial discovery in 1967, their biosynthetic pathway has remained elusive. Within this work, we identified the ribosomal biosynthetic origin of biphenomycins and elucidated all enzymatic maturation steps by in‐depth functional characterization in vivo and in vitro. Key steps include selective ortho ‐hydroxylation events at two phenyl alanine residues catalyzed by a bifunctional multinuclear nonheme iron‐dependent oxidase yielding the o Tyr functionalities, biaryl cross coupling by a B12‐dependent radical SAM enzyme, amino acid side‐chain modifications by a highly regioselective arginase and by dedicated hydroxylases, as well as a stepwise proteolytic processing by a TldD‐type but self‐sufficient protease. These findings clarify the molecular basis of biphenomycin assembly, reveal unprecedented enzymatic dual functions, and provide the foundation for the targeted discovery of novel biphenomycins and for the development of bioengineering strategies to enhance yields and develop antibiotics with further increased potency, addressing the urgent need for new antimicrobial agents.
An improved sparrow search algorithm and its application in the deployment of 3D wireless sensor nodes
Cooperative Brønsted Acid and Photo‐Promoted Stereoselective Synthesis of Substituted Piperidones
Abstract Saturated nitrogen heterocycles are highly prevalent in medicinal chemistry, agrochemistry, and material science. Despite extensive research to access substituted piperidines and related compounds, there remains a strong demand for new stereoselective approaches. We present a Brønsted acid‐promoted, light‐induced formal ring‐insertion strategy for the efficient synthesis of piperidone and pyrrolidone derivatives. This method enables the efficient construction of thermodynamically disfavored cis ‐disubstituted piperidone and pyrrolidone derivatives. A key aspect of this strategy is the use of an acyl imidazole as a uniquely capable chromophore activator, in cooperation with the Brønsted acid, which controls both reactivity and stereoselectivity without the need for photosensitizers. The unique properties of the in situ generated carbonyl triplet diradical enable a selective 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer process, followed by C─N bond cleavage and a subsequent Mannich reaction, offering broad functional group tolerance. The synthetic utility of this methodology was exemplified by the preparation of key intermediates for the synthesis of neurokinin 1 antagonist drug candidates.
Unconventional Inverse Size‐Effects Enable Efficient C–N Coupling on Copper Electrocatalysts
Abstract Exposed coordinatively unsaturated sites (CUS) with the reducing geometrical sizes of catalysts commonly offers significant advantages in heterogeneous electrocatalytic processes. However, this empirical rule might be unsuitable for the innovative electrocatalytic C–N coupling reaction, as one of the parallel reactions. In this study, we observe an inverse size‐effect in the electrocatalytic synthesis of benzaldehyde oximes (BAO) from nitrates and benzaldehyde. Cu nanocatalysts with more exposed CUS thermodynamically favor the over‐reduction of coupling intermediates, i.e., adsrobed hydroxylamine (*NH 2 OH) and benzaldehyde (*Ph‐CHO), leading to a low BAO yield. Notably, Cu foil with few CUS enables the enrichment of *NH 2 OH and *Ph‐CHO, achieving a BAO yield of 91%. Moreover, this electrosynthesis strategy on Cu foil demonstrates versatility and broad applicability for producing various oximes. This work highlights the significant potential of inverse size effects in guiding the design of catalysts for electrocatalytic C–N coupling reactions.
Machine learning enhanced aeration systems for optimizing oxygen transfer efficiency for sustainable and safe wastewater management
Abstract This study models oxygen-transfer efficiency (OTE) in circular solid-jet aerators using a laboratory dataset of 320 observations collected under controlled conditions. Experiments varied jet count (1–8), opening area (49.24–124.03 mm²), jet length (170–470 mm), and discharge (1.05–3.04 l s⁻¹); dissolved oxygen was measured, and OTE was computed and standardized to 20 °C. Five regressors—Linear Regression (LR), M5P, Random Tree (RT), Reduced Error Pruning (REP) Tree, and Random Forest (RF)—were trained with a 70/30 train–test split and evaluated using CC, RMSE, MAE, NSE, and SI. Residual histograms with kernel-density overlays and an uncertainty summary (U95, bounds) indicated compact, slightly negative-centered errors for the tree-based models and broader, heavy-tailed errors for LR; a Taylor diagram and a Spearman heatmap supported these patterns. Among all models, RF achieved the highest test performance and the lowest errors, with results statistically superior to alternatives by paired t-tests on residuals (α = 0.05); the Spearman heatmap also showed the strongest concordance between RF predictions and observations, while a leave-one-input-out sensitivity analysis identified discharge (Q) as the dominant driver. Taken together, the results identify RF as the most accurate and generalizable predictor across the tested operating envelope, providing a practical basis for the design and optimization of aeration systems in water and wastewater treatment.
Human norovirus persists longer than Escherichia coli in sandy soil, independent of plant decaying materials
Abstract Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the leading cause of foodborne illnesses in the U.S. Fresh produce, often consumed raw, can serve as a vehicle for HuNoV transmission; however, limited data exist on its persistence in agricultural environments. This study evaluated the persistence of HuNoV GII, its cultivable surrogate Tulane virus, and Escherichia coli TVS 353 in sandy Florida agricultural soil. Soil samples with or without additional cilantro leaves (to simulate decaying plant debris) were incubated at 12 °C and tested for microbial concentrations at regular intervals over 29 weeks, using RNase RT-qPCR (both viruses), TCID 50 (Tulane virus), and plate count ( E. coli ). Inactivation kinetics were fitted to log-linear and non-linear models to estimate the weeks required for the first 1-log 10 reduction ( T 1 D ). Decaying cilantro leaves did not substantially impact microbial inactivation ( p > 0.05). E. coli declined most rapidly ( T 1 D = 2.2), followed by infectious Tulane virus ( T 1 D = 5.63), Tulane virus genome copies ( T 1 D = 11.8), and HuNoV GII genome copies ( T 1 D = 28). A strong correlation of Tulane virus infectivity with HuNoV GII RNase RT-qPCR ( r = 0.82) supported its suitability as a surrogate. Under the tested conditions, HuNoV’s prolonged persistence should be accounted for in risk assessments for preharvest fresh produce production.
Optimizing *CO/CO Supply by Atomically Dispersed Fe Sites for High‐rate CO <sub>2</sub> ‐to‐C <sub>2</sub> H <sub>4</sub> Conversion Under Visible Light
Abstract Visible light driven carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) reduction to ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) is a promising pathway to obtain renewable fuels and valuable chemicals. However, the insufficient supply of *CO/CO severely limits the rate of C–C coupling toward C 2 H 4 . Herein, we present a synergistic engineering strategy to construct a Fe 0.2 /H‐MOF‐1 composite catalyst by anchoring high‐density iron single atoms sites (Fe SAs) onto a pyridinic nitrogen rich metal–organic framework (H‐MOF‐1). Under visible light, the catalyst achieves an exceptional C 2 H 4 yield of 1056.2 µmol·g −1 ·h −1 . This performance surpasses state‐of‐the‐art systems for visible light driven CO 2 ‐to‐C 2 H 4 . The X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis, CO adsorption experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the Fe‐N active sites in the Fe 0.2 /H‐MOF‐1 catalyst not only significantly reduce the energy barrier from *COOH to *CO but also maintain abundant *CO/CO for C–C coupling through strong CO adsorption, thus efficiently promoting the rapid generation of C 2 H 4 . This study provides insights into the rapid generation of C 2 H 4 through photocatalytic CO 2 reduction, paving the way for visible light‐driven CO 2 reduction reactions.
Impact of replacing fat with pearl millet fibers on the bioactivity and quality of beef burger
Abstract This study focused on developing a low-fat beef burger by replacing added beef fat with pearl millet bran. The control sample (T1) consisted of 85% lean meat and 15% added animal fat. Pearl millet bran (PMB) was incorporated at varying ratios: 0% (T1), 5% (T2), 10% (T3), and 15% (T4) of the total content in the beef burgers, in place of the added beef fat. Analyses using the Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH assays showed that the addition of pearl millet bran increased both phenolic content and antioxidant activity in the burgers. Quality indices, particularly peroxide and TBARS values after 3 days of storage, were lower for T4 (1.77 meq O 2 /kg fat and 0.38 mg MDA/kg fat) compared to T1 (3.12 meq O 2 /kg fat and 0.78 mg MDA/kg fat). Additionally, PMB improved the cooking characteristics of the resultant burgers. The cooking loss decreased from 36.36% in T1 to 15.20% in T4, while the shrinkage ratio reduced from 31.10% in T1 to 13.29% in T4. The firmness of the burger samples improved with the addition of pearl millet bran. The pearl millet bran increased all color parameters. However, this did not impact negatively on the acceptance of cooked beef burgers. In terms of sensory attributes, sample T2 was significantly preferred over T1, T3, and T4. Overall, this study highlights the potential of pearl millet bran as a natural bioactive fat replacer for creating a healthier processed meat product with desirable eating characteristics.
Assessment of structural stability and power performance for a novel hybrid wind-solar-wave energy system
Pentagonal/Heptagonal‐Lock Strategy Enables Narrowband Red Multiple Resonance Emitters Through Temperature‐Controlled Scholl Reaction
Abstract Although π‐extension has shown considerable success in achieving red‐shifted emission in multiple resonance (MR) emitters, it often induces substantial spectral broadening, thereby limiting its utility for developing high‐performance red MR materials. Herein, we report a straightforward naphthalene‐based pentagonal/heptagonal‐lock π‐extension strategy that enables a significant redshift of 116 nm while maintaining a narrow emission bandwidth. By controlling the Scholl reaction at different temperatures, we achieved precise π‐extension through sequential pentagonal and heptagonal ring formation, enabling broad color tuning via fine adjustment of frontier molecular orbital energy gaps. As a result, a red fluorescent emitter was obtained, exhibiting an emission peak at 600 nm and a narrow full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum of 30 nm. Furthermore, the corresponding OLED devices exhibited a high external quantum efficiency of 21.3% with minimal efficiency roll‐off.
Smart multi-shell core composites with responsive dissolution for chemical inflow control
Green CO2-capture cluster model using bioengineering of carbonic anhydrase enzyme: QM and QM/QM′ approach
Thermal insulation and mechanical performance of sustainable rammed earth walls incorporating construction and demolition waste and calcium oxide
Abstract The construction industry must reduce its environmental footprint and use sustainable materials with low energy and carbon emissions. Conventional masonry and concrete are reliable, durable, and widely used construction materials, but they use up natural resources and produce a considerable amount of CO 2 emissions. Rammed earth (RE) is a sustainable material and an environmentally friendly construction method that is less energy intensive and exhibits good thermal performance; however, its strength is a limitation for larger structural projects. To address these challenges, this study presents an experimental evaluation of the thermo-mechanical, environmental, and economic performance of stabilized rammed earth (RE) walls incorporating construction and demolition waste (CDW) and calcium oxide (CaO) as sustainable stabilizing additives. This research aims to enhance the structural integrity, thermal insulation, and sustainability of RE systems by partially replacing natural soil with CDW (10–30%) and CaO (2–6%). Seven mix designs were designed and tested for compaction properties, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), thermal conductivity, embodied energy, CO 2 emissions, and thermal behavior under simulated hot climate conditions with varying relative humidity. The optimal mixture, CDW30–C2 (30% CDW and 2% CaO), achieved a peak UCS of 9.3 MPa at 28 days, the lowest thermal conductivity (0.88 W/m·K), moderate embodied energy (705.27 MJ/m 3 ), and reduced carbon emissions (177.73 kg/m 3 ), offering a high strength-to-impact efficiency. To validate its practical applicability, a full-scale RE wall was constructed using the CDW30–C2 mixture and subjected to thermal insulation tests in a controlled climate chamber at 40–80% relative humidity. The findings demonstrated a time lag of up to 90 min and a decrement factor of 0.85, indicating favorable thermal inertia and effective moderation of heat transfer. The synergistic effects of CDW particles enhanced mechanical interlocking and matrix densification, while CaO contributed to pozzolanic reactivity and void filling. Compared to conventional fired brick and concrete, the optimized RE mix demonstrated competitive performance with significantly lower environmental impact. These findings demonstrate the viability of CDW–CaO stabilized rammed earth as a climate-resilient, low-carbon, and resource-efficient building solution for sustainable construction.