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Electronic Coupling of Molecular Complexes to Au Electrodes Mediated via Host–Guest Interactions
Various distribution of BMPs in different periosteal layers contributing to inconsistent osteoinductivity of DBM-based products
Influence of Khat Extract on the Color Stability of Glazed and Polished Dental Ceramics: An In Vitro Comparative Study
Reticular Synthesis of High-Connectivity Metal–Organic Frameworks with Kuratowski-Type Building Blocks
Optimizing sepsis mortality prediction using hybrid federated learning and explainable AI framework
Effectiveness of Daily Mouthrinsing with 2% Green Coffee Solution on Oral Health of Young Adults: A Randomized Control Trial
A PET-Driven Strategy for Ultrasensitive Mapping of Lipid Microenvironment Heterogeneity in Dual Organelles during Metabolic Stress and Atherosclerosis
Association between hydrogen gas inhalation and cardiac output in an asphyxiated piglet model
Individual Pulvinar Neurons Integrate Cortical and Subcortical Signals
The pulvinar nucleus (PUL) has long been proposed as an integrative hub for sensory processing, but whether this integration occurs at the level of individual neurons or through parallel pathways remains an open question. In this study, we focused on regions of the PUL that receive input from widefield vertical (WFV) neurons of the superior colliculus to investigate synaptic properties across PUL subdivisions. Using a variety of anatomical, optogenetic, and in vitro physiological techniques in male and female mice, we show that WFV inputs to the PUL define two subregions: a caudal medial region (Pcm) that receives bilateral nontopographic WFV input and a lateral region (Pl) that receives ipsilateral topographic WFV input. Electron microscopy revealed that terminals arising from WFV neurons are similar in size across both PUL subdivisions; they are significantly larger than terminals originating from cortical Layer 6 (L6) and significantly smaller than terminals originating from cortical L5. On average, optogenetic activation of WFV terminals in the Pcm evoked responses that displayed short-term synaptic facilitation, like responses to photoactivation of L6 inputs, whereas responses in the Pl displayed short-term synaptic depression similar to responses to photoactivation of L5 inputs. Finally, employing dual-opsin optogenetics, we found a high degree of convergence of ipsilateral and contralateral WFV and L5 and L6 input on individual PUL neurons in both the Pcm and Pl. Taken together, our results reveal subregion-specific responses to WFV input and widespread integration of both cortical and subcortical inputs by individual PUL neurons.
Evaluation of Transmissible Diseases and Preventive Measures Awareness Level among Dental Auxiliaries in Dental Schools of Kerala: A Cross-sectional Study
Deciphering Ibogaine’s Matrix Pharmacology: Multiple Transporter Modulation at Serotonin Synapses
The role of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in promoting M2 macrophage polarization at inflammatory sites
Abstract The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) on macrophages exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the JAK/STAT and NF-κB pathways. Although the role of α7nAChR in immunoregulatory mechanisms in “individual” macrophages is established, studies on α7nAChR in an “overall population” of macrophages, including M1/M2 polarity, remain limited. Therefore, we examined the role of α7nAChR in M1/M2 polarity in inflammation. We generated peritonitis mouse models via LPS treatment and sterile intestinal manipulation in wild-type and α7nAChR-deficient mice. M1/M2 macrophage polarization was measured using PCR and flow cytometry. THP-1 and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC)-derived monocytes were treated with the α7nAChR agonist PNU-282987 during differentiation into M1/M2 macrophages. α7nAChR deficiency upregulated mRNA expression of the M1 marker and downregulated the M2 marker in a peritoneal cell population. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the proportion of M2 macrophages in the peritoneal cell population decreased in α7nAChR-deficient mice in both models. In splenectomized LPS-treated wild-type mice, the proportion of M2 macrophages in the peritoneal cell population was reduced compared to that in sham-operated LPS-treated mice. The M2 marker CD206 and IL10 were upregulated in PNU-282987-treated THP-1 and hPBMC-derived macrophages. These results revealed that α7nAChR exerted M2-enhancing effects with the mechanism suggestively acting in the spleen.
Digital Correction of Occlusal Force Imbalance: T-scan III Assessment before and after Guided Equilibration in Postorthodontic Patients
Peptidyl Asparaginyl Ligase-Mediated Orthogonal Ligation at Non-Asx Peptide Bonds for <scp>d</scp> -Peptide Cyclization and Antibody Dual Labeling
Joint processing technology of laser radar and optical image for power distribution
Gyral Crowns Contribute to the Cortical Infrastructure of Human Face Processing
Neuroanatomical features across spatial scales contribute to functional specialization and individual differences in behavior across species. Among species with gyrencephalic brains, gyral crown height, which measures a key aspect of the morphology of cortical folding, may represent an anatomical characteristic that importantly shapes neural function. Nevertheless, little is known about the relationship between functional selectivity and gyral crowns—especially in clinical populations. Here, we investigated this relationship and found that the size and gyral crown height of the middle, but not posterior, face-selective region on the fusiform gyrus were decreased in individuals with developmental prosopagnosia ( N = 22; 68% female; aged 25–62) compared with neurotypical controls (NTs; N = 25; 60% females; aged 21–55), and this difference was related to face perception. Additional analyses replicated the relationship between gyral crowns and face-selective region size in 1,053 NTs (55% females; aged 22–36). These results inform theoretical models of face processing while also providing a novel neuroanatomical feature contributing to the cortical infrastructure supporting face processing.