Browse Articles

Fuzzy logic-based reactive power control for power factor enhancement in EV drives

Abstract Induction motors (IM) find broad applications in various Electric Vehicle (EV) drives because of their numerous advantages. The speed control of these EV motor drives is realized through different speed control algorithms such as direct torque control (DTC), field-oriented control (FOC), direct power control (DPC) etc. However, energy efficient control for these drives is still supplementary, especially in EV’s where drive cycle is irregular. This article contributes a fuzzy logic based reactive power control of IM drive for power factor enhancement, where the flow of reactive power is governed by reference speed and torque commands using fuzzy logic. The proposed methodology eliminates the necessity for integrating complicated flux estimators & observers and significantly improves power factor across a broad spectrum of EV drive cycle. To evaluate the performance and the effectiveness of the proposed technique, extensive simulations and experimental studies have been conducted on 0.75 kW induction motor drive considering the wide-ranging EV driving cycle and compared with the widely used FOC scheme.

Confining Reaction Intermediates in Oxide‐Derived Hollow Cu–Zn Bimetallic Catalyst Facilitates Selective Formation of C ₂₊ Alcohols from Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction

Abstract Copper has long been the only element known to produce multicarbon (C 2+ ) products from CO 2 through electrochemical pathways. However, its low kinetic barrier favors ethylene formation over C 2 ⁺ alcohols at the selectivity‐determining step (SDS). Alloying Cu with secondary metals has been explored to shift selectivity toward alcohols, but these approaches often suffer from poor activity and selectivity. In this work, we probe the role of confinement of reaction intermediates in favoring C 2+ alcohol selectivity and overall C 2+ product in oxide‐derived hollow Cu–Zn bimetallic catalysts. From finite element method (FEM) simulation, it was observed that hollow catalyst increases the retention time of the reaction intermediates that favor the C─C coupling. Confinement gives rise to a two‐fold increment in the overall C 2+ product. We observed that the hollow Cu–Zn catalyst gives a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 50.13% toward C 2+ alcohol and an overall FE of 81% toward C 2+ product at a very high current density of 300 mA cm −2 in 1 M KHCO 3 . DFT calculation shows that Zn affects selectivity determining step (SDS) and favors the formation of alcohol over ethylene. Various in situ techniques, such as X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy, were used to understand the active phase of the catalyst and mechanism in detail.

Integrated microbial–organic strategy for carbofuran remediation: water-dispersible ochrobactrum granules with biogas slurry

Ionizable Nano‐PROTAC Overcomes Endosomal Entrapment for Enhanced LRG1 Degradation and Tumor Suppression

Abstract Nanoscale proteolysis‐targeting chimeras (nano‐PROTACs) have emerged as a promising modality that circumvents conventional linker optimization using multivalent engineering. However, their therapeutic potential remains severely limited by inefficient cytosolic delivery caused by endosomal entrapment. To address this challenge, we integrated a tertiary‐amine motif into amphiphilic conjugates, which co‐assemble into nano‐PROTACs (designed as i16‐ET NC ) optimized for protein degradation. Mechanistically, i16‐ET NC exploits a synergistic dual mechanism in which the ionizable tertiary amine cooperates with a C16 hydrophobic tail to enhance cellular uptake and promote endosomal escape via proton sponge effects, enabling efficient delivery to the cytosol. This design achieves potent degradation of the oncogenic target leucine‐rich α‐2‐glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) in 4T1 murine breast tumors. Systematic evaluation shows that i16‐ET NC effectively induces LRG1 degradation, leading to significant tumor growth inhibition, strong apoptosis induction, and notable tumor regression, all without detectable systemic toxicity. Overall, this study presents a broadly applicable strategy to address endosomal entrapment in targeted protein degradation, highlighting the therapeutic potential of nano‐PROTACs.

Neuroanatomical correlates of communication apprehension in young adults using voxel-based morphometry

Synergistic Dual‐Single‐Atom Catalysis Driving Auto‐Catalytic Process Toward Oxidant‐Free Fenton‐Like Chemistry for Water Purification

Abstract Driving oxidant‐free catalysis toward green and efficient Fenton‐like chemistry for water purification has been developed as a research hotspots of priority concern. In this study, a Fe/Co dual single‐atom catalyst (FeCo‐DSAC) was synthesized with adjacent Fe and Co atoms coordinating with four nitrogen atoms on a carbon substrate, and applied in an oxidant‐free system for pollutant degradation via an auto‐catalytic pathway. Results showed dissolved oxygen (DO) was not the primary electron acceptor. In contrast, pollutants were adsorbed on electron‐deficient sites, with electrons transferred to electron‐rich dual Fe/Co sites via the carbon network, evidenced by a 0.6 oxidation state decrease and reduced open circuit potential. Intermediate analysis also confirmed the degradation process beyond adsorption process. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that Fe doping not only introduced the additional active sites but also modulated the electronic structure of Co, making it more favorable for accepting the electrons from pollutants. This synergistic interaction facilitated effective contaminant degradation within the oxidant‐free system. Furthermore, lifecycle analysis showed better environmental performance than conventional oxidant‐added systems. This study provides new insights into the oxidant‐free Fenton‐like chemistry and advances the low‐energy and low‐chemical consumption water treatment technologies.

Long-range context modeling for software vulnerability detection using an XLNet-based approach

Enantioselective Synthesis of H‐Phosphinamidates

Abstract Enantioenriched heteroatom‐containing H‐phosphoryl compounds unite a nucleophilic H–P(O) moiety with an electrophilic, substitutable heteroatom group, endowing them with inherent ambiphilicity and making them powerful platforms for constructing P(V)‐stereogenic molecules—structures of growing significance in asymmetric synthesis, pharmaceuticals, and materials science. Yet their enantioselective synthesis has remained a significant challenge. Here we report the first highly enantioselective synthesis of H‐phosphinamidates. These bifunctional, configurationally stable compounds enable stereospecific H–P(O) transformations to access diverse P–C, P–N, P–O, and P–S linkages, while the amino group offers an orthogonal handle for secondary derivatization. These reactivity features establish H‐phosphinamidates as a versatile and general platform for the modular synthesis of structurally diverse P(V)‐stereogenic compounds.

Environmental pollutants associated with blood glucose levels in healthy individuals

Indole‐Linkages as Base‐Activated Sites in a Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient Photosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide Under Alkaline Conditions

Abstract The photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) under alkaline conditions is very important for biomass pretreatment and electronic industry. However, the proton‐deficient nature of alkaline water and the intolerance of COF linkages in strong alkaline conditions lead to insufficient H 2 O 2 production by most COF‐based catalysts. Thus, developing novel COFs containing base‐triggered active sites is an effective strategy to maintain structural rigidity and photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, an indole‐linked COF (CityU‐45) was prepared through the Cadogan–Sundberg post‐synthetic reaction in a nitro‐containing sp 2 ‐carbon COF (CityU‐44). The formation of the indole linkage maintains its crystallinity, reduces the bandgap, and results in the redshift of fluorescent emission. Moreover, CityU‐45 reveals an alkaline‐activated characteristic with a photocatalytic H 2 O 2 rate up to 4854 µmol g −1 h −1 at pH = 13, which is six times higher than that in neutral conditions. This research demonstrated that indole‐linked COFs can be promising catalysts for photocatalytic H 2 O 2 generation under alkaline conditions.

Genomic discrimination of the botanical groups conilon and robusta of Coffea canephora

Children’s state anxiety before MRI scanning and resting state functional connectivity in large scale brain networks

Abstract Introduction Most resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) research does not consider the participant’s subjective state during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Heightened anxiety before an MRI (“pre-scanning state anxiety”) may influence rs-FC and complicate interpretation of individual differences, particularly in underrepresented groups whose scanning experiences may differ from typical research samples. Methods We assessed associations between pre-scanning state anxiety and rs-FC within and between the default mode network (DMN) and salience network in a trait-anxious community sample of Latina girls (8–13 years) and a companion sample of treatment-seeking and healthy youth (8–18 years) of predominantly non-Latinx background. A constrained network-based statistical approach calculated the average of un-thresholded correlation coefficients from edge-level partial Spearman correlations to produce network-level measures (7 cortical + 1 subcortical). This approach is “constrained” in that analyses operate at the spatial scale of functional networks, rather than individual edges, to increase statistical power. Statistics were compared against a permutation-based null distribution to assess significance (Bonferroni corrected p  < 0.00139). Results Reduced rs-FC within the DMN ( r  = − 0.32, p  < 0.00139) was associated with pre-scanning state anxiety in the community sample, but did not replicate in our companion sample. Discussion Pre-scanning state anxiety is associated with rs-FC within the DMN, but only among a trait-anxious community sample. Individual differences in MRI scanning experiences may be associated with rs-FC, but sample characteristics and replication should be considered.

Chlorine‐Enabled Double Borylation Strategy for π‐Extended MR‐TADF Emitters: From Synthetic Challenge to Benchmark OLEDs

Abstract Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials are promising emitters for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) owing to their ability to harvest both singlet and triplet excitons. However, realizing pure‐green, narrowband emission with simultaneously high efficiency and stability remains a long‐standing challenge for display applications. In this study, we report a concise one‐shot double borylation strategy uniquely enabled by chlorine substituents acting as both directing and functional groups. This dual role not only ensures regioselective synthesis of a π‐extended multiple resonance (MR) framework—previously considered synthetically inaccessible—but also provides versatile handles for late‐stage diversification. The resulting key intermediate, W‐DABNA‐Cl , was obtained in 48% yield and readily converted into a series of structurally diverse MR‐TADF emitters through single‐step derivatizations. These emitters exhibited narrowband emissions from deep green to yellow‐green (FWHM 27–34 nm) with tunable photophysical properties. Notably, TADF‐sensitized fluorescence devices based on W‐DABNA‐Cz achieved an excellent maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 36.1%. More importantly, the device maintained record‐high efficiencies of 34.3% and 29.5% at luminance levels of 1000 and 10 000 cd m −2 , respectively, representing the best efficiency–brightness trade‐off among reported green sensitized OLEDs. This work not only overcomes synthetic bottlenecks in accessing π‐extended MR‐TADF frameworks but also establishes a versatile platform for color‐tunable, high‐performance OLEDs.

Performance evaluation of a series-connected step-up/down partial power converter for battery energy storage applications

Abstract The conventional full power converter (FPC) for battery energy storage applications is limited by bulky components and suboptimal efficiency. In response, a series-connected step-up/down partial power converter (SUDPPC) with high power density is proposed in this paper. It consists of an LLC resonant converter operating at a fixed switching frequency cascaded with a full-bridge converter capable of providing bipolar output. By connecting the SUDPPC in series with the load, the voltage stress on the series side and the current stress on the parallel side are markedly reduced. The four-quadrant function provides support for further optimization of the rated power level. Universal series interconnection schemes are elaborated, and design guidelines are formulated based on power distribution characteristics. Furthermore, the topology is evaluated in terms of nonactive power and component stress factor (CSF), and benchmarked against a four-switch buck/boost FPC and a phase-shifted full-bridge step-up partial power converter (SUPPC). Finally, a 1.1 kW prototype is developed to experimentally validate the theoretical analysis, demonstrating that only 14.3% of the total active power is processed under full-load conditions, with a peak efficiency of 98.15%.

A hybrid approach for facial parsing using transfer learning

Resilience enhancement strategies for distribution networks considering the coordination of 5G base stations and multiple flexible resources

Engineering Anionic Aggregation in Dilute Electrolyte for High Performance Layered Oxide Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have garnered increasing attention due to their distinctive advantages. However, they still confront a series of technical challenges, particularly in cycle stability and energy density. Notably, layered oxide cathode materials experience irreversible structural changes during electrochemical processes, which significantly hinders SIBs from achieving their theoretical metrics. Here, we developed a dilute 0.5 M high‐entropy electrolyte. Remarkably, despite its low salt concentration, this electrolyte features an anion‐rich solvation sheath and forms distinctive “clusters”, facilitating the creation of an inorganic‐rich and dense cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI). This CEI layer effectively passivates the electrode and prevents solvent co‐intercalation. Importantly, the high‐entropy dilute electrolyte enables the layered oxide cathode NaNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Fe 1/3 O 2 (NaNMF) to maintain an excellent capacity retention of 90% after 250 cycles and exhibits remarkable electrochemical performance at both high and low temperatures. The innovative structural design of anionic aggregates in dilute high‐entropy electrolytes represents a pivotal advancement, offering substantial promise for the development of cost‐effective and high‐energy‐density SIBs in the future.

Comparative assessment of groundwater quality and stability around active and closed dumpsites in Ibadan, Nigeria

Molecular insights on the proangiogenic effects of VEGF like growth factor derived from horseshoe crab perivitelline fluid

A time-series clustering analysis of postinduction blood pressure trajectories

Abstract Induction of general anesthesia is often associated with significant hemodynamic changes, particularly in blood pressure (BP). These early postinduction fluctuations can vary widely among patients and contribute to perioperative complications. Current clinical approaches to managing postinduction BP changes are largely reactive and may not fully account for individual variability. This study aimed to identify distinct patterns of mean arterial pressure (MAP) response during the first 10 min following induction of general anesthesia, using a time-series clustering approach. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 17,645 adult patients undergoing non-cardiac, non-obstetric inpatient surgery under general anesthesia at a tertiary medical center. BP was measured at 1 min intervals using either invasive arterial lines (8.3% of cases) or standard non-invasive oscillometric cuffs. An unsupervised X-means clustering algorithm with dynamic time warping was applied to identify recurring MAP trajectory patterns. Patient demographics, comorbidities, anesthetic drug doses, and other perioperative characteristics were compared across clusters. Five distinct MAP trajectories were identified: Initial Decline—Plateau (31.8%), Gradual Moderate Decline (18.4%), Initial Decline—Recovery (7.5%), Gradual Severe Decline (29.6%), and Initial Decline—Low Plateau (12.7%). These patterns differed significantly in baseline MAP, comorbidity profiles and antihypertensive use, while differences in anesthetic agent doses were statistically but not clinically meaningful. Distinct postinduction BP trajectories were identified using a time-series clustering approach. These findings provide a framework for future validation in datasets with richer clinical context.