Browse Articles

Adolescent cyberbullying and polysubstance use: unpacking sex differences

Sudomotor dysfunction reflects early atherosclerosis risk in adults with type 1 diabetes

Abstract Adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at increased risk of premature atherosclerosis. Sudomotor dysfunction (SMD), an early manifestation of diabetic neuropathy, may contribute to vascular injury. This cross-sectional study assessed the relationship between sudomotor function (SMF), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and vascular age (VA) in T1D. The study included 299 adults with T1D (137 men), aged 34 (IQR: 25–44) years, disease duration 16 (IQR: 11–25) years, and HbA1c of 7.7 (IQR: 7.0–8.7)%. Sudomotor function was measured with the SUDOSCAN device; abnormal function was defined as Feet ESC < 70 µS (SMD). cIMT was assessed with carotid ultrasound, and VA was derived from cIMT values. Participants with SMD had thicker cIMT [0.56 (IQR: 0.5–0.67) vs 0.54 (0.48–0.52), p = 0.04] and higher VA [48 (36–70) vs 42 (32–58), p = 0.04]. We found a negative correlation between Feet ESC and cIMT (Rs = − 0.22, p < 0.001). In a multiple linear regression model adjusted for sex, HbA1c, BMI, and creatinine, reduced Feet ESC remained significantly associated with VA (β = 0.13, p = 0.03), R 2  = 0.065. SMD is associated with increased cIMT and VA in adults with T1D. SMF assessment by SUDOSCAN may represent a rapid, non-invasive tool to identify individuals at higher cardiovascular risk.

Green analytical method for determination of oxeladin citrate using advanced electrochemical modified sensors in pure form, pharmaceuticals, human serum and binary mixtures with guaifenesin

Abstract This work presents a selective, accurate, and highly sensitive differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) approach for the quantification of oxeladin citrate (OC). The electrochemical behavior of OC was investigated using several working electrodes, including carbon paste electrode (CPE), zeolite-modified carbon paste electrode (ZMCPE), iron oxide-modified carbon paste electrode (IOMCPE) and screen-printed multi-wall carbon nanotubes (SPMWCNTs), with operational parameters optimized through cyclic voltammetry. The results confirmed an irreversible, diffusion-controlled oxidation process for OC producing a peak between 0.7 and 0.8 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The SPMWCNTs electrode outperformed the others, providing a linear calibration range from 0.35 to 3.9 μg/mL (R 2  = 0.998), a detection limit (LOD) of 0.114 μg/mL, and a quantification limit (LOQ) of 0.35 μg/mL. The practical utility of the method was confirmed by the successful determination of OC in pharmaceutical products, both alone and in combination with Guaifenesin (GU), as well as in spiked human serum, all yielding excellent recovery values. The procedure’s environmental footprint was critically evaluated using the Analytical Greenness Calculator (AGREE) and the Complex Green Analytical Procedure Index (Complex GAPI), with the high scores obtained verifying its eco-friendly nature. Characterized by its sensitivity, operational simplicity, and sustainability. This voltammetric strategy offers a robust and viable alternative for the routine analysis of OC in pharmaceutical quality control and clinical settings.

Pre‐Activation as a Route for Tuning the Kinetics of Mechanochemical Transformations

Abstract Learning to control reaction kinetics is essential for translating any chemical technology into real‐world application. Based on time‐resolved in situ powder X‐ray diffraction data, we demonstrate the opportunity to tune mechanochemical reaction rates through the pre‐activation of the starting reagents. For three model co‐crystal systems, the pre‐activation of the most stable reagent yields up to a ca 10‐fold increase in the reaction rate, whilst negligible kinetic enhancement is seen when the less stable reagent is pre‐activated. Moreover, we demonstrate how the polymorphic outcome of mechano‐co‐crystallization is also sensitive to pre‐activation of the starting material. Our results suggest that reproducibility of mechanochemical processes requires detailed understanding over the origin and history of reagent powders, whilst providing a new conceptual framework to design and control mechanochemical reactions.

The experience of recurring ambivalence and its relation to effortful problem-focused coping

Abstract Ambivalent attitudes are a pervasive part of people’s lives, yet research has primarily examined isolated instances of ambivalence without considering its persistence across time. The present research addresses this temporal dimension of ambivalence and how it shapes coping efforts. We propose that frequently recurring ambivalence motivates individuals to engage in more effortful coping because they (a) appraise the recurrence as aversive and (b) seek to prevent future reexperiences of ambivalence-induced discomfort. Study 1 revealed variability in how frequently people experience ambivalence across various personal topics, attributable to attitude importance and individual differences. As hypothesized, perceptions of recurrence amplified the correlation between felt ambivalence and effortful problem-focused coping, but without a role of dispositional future-oriented thinking. Study 2 further substantiated this interaction by employing a quasi-experimental design that varied felt ambivalence and recurrence across personal topics, suggesting a role of negative appraisals of recurring ambivalence in its motivational effect on coping. Study 3 employed a decision-making task and manipulated ambivalence and expectations of its future recurrence, yielding no significant interaction effect on effortful information seeking. Taken together, recurring ambivalence is a widespread and often unpleasant experience, and our studies ( N  = 1,672) provide tentative support for the notion that the discomfort of reexperiencing ambivalence (but not heightened expectations of future recurrence) increases the motivation to engage in more effortful resolution attempts. A temporal perspective offers novel implications for understanding the nature of ambivalence and its consequences.

Molecular Symmetry and Geometry Engineering for High‐Temperature Ferroelectricity and Low Coercive Field in Hybrid Metal Halides

Abstract Optimizing ferroelectric properties is critical for molecule‐based ferroelectrics toward practical applications, including enhanced saturation polarization ( P s ), elevated Curie temperature ( T C ), and reduced coercive field ( E c ). Recent advances in ferroelectrochemistry have provided efficient synthetic strategies to tailor these properties, with a focus on functionalizing organic components. However, the impact of combined molecular symmetry and geometry on ferroelectricity remains less understood. In this work, we construct a series of one‐dimensional ferroelectric hybrid metal halides (HMHs) using C 3v ‐symmetric trigonal pyramidal polar cations to systematically investigate how molecular symmetry and geometry modulate ferroelectric behavior. The model compound (TMS)PbI 3 (TMS = trimethylsulfonium) exhibits ferroelectricity up to its decomposition temperature (530 K), the highest among known HMH ferroelectrics, alongside an exceptionally low E c (0.25 kV cm −1 at 298 K). We demonstrate that the unique C 3v symmetry and trigonal pyramidal geometry of the TMS cation facilitate energy‐favorable uniaxial rotation about the polar 3‐fold axis and 90° polarity flipping during disordering in the ferroelectric–ferroelectric phase transition near 271 K. This partial disorder transition underpins the remarkable high‐temperature ferroelectric phase and low E c . Selenium‐ and phosphorus‐based analogs show similar properties with E c values of 0.55 and 0.47 kV cm −1 , respectively.

An attention-augmented multimodal classification of alzheimer’s disease and parkinson’s disease vs healthy controls using MRI, EEG, and SNP data

Abstract Due to the late manifestation of structural symptoms and symptomatic overlap, neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) remain difficult to diagnose accurately. In order to categorize AD and PD in comparison to Healthy Controls (HC), this study suggests a multimodal classification framework that combines genetic Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) data, structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and functional Electroencephalography (EEG). To improve the model’s accuracy and interpretability, the method makes use of an uncertainty estimate module and a novel cross-modality attention mechanism. The framework strives for diagnosis, concentrating on detecting Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in individuals exhibiting modest motor symptoms or early cognitive impairments, which are indicative of the prodromal stage of both conditions. A dataset of 2,500 MRI images, 1,500 EEG recordings, and SNP data for 1,000 subjects drawn from OpenNeuro, PPMI, and the UK Biobank was utilized in extensive analyses. The developed model was contrasted with recent unimodal and multimodal techniques. Our findings exhibit statistically significant increases of 6–12% compared to similar methods, with 95.6% average classification accuracy on AD and 94.8% on PD. The importance of the attention mechanism and both modalities to overall performance is quantified using ablation studies. Quantification of uncertainty also improves interpretability for possible clinical use. These results demonstrate the proper neurodegenerative disease diagnosis when explainable AI elements are paired with stable multimodal fusion.

Times series InSAR deformation monitoring of Jinchuan mining area based on mini stack technology

Outside Front Cover: Solution ALD of (CH ₃ NH ₃ )(PbI ₃ ) Perovskite Thin Films Yields Functional Quality and Stability Superior to Classical Processing (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 3/2026)

Transcriptomic characterization of the aberrant alternative splicing in skeletal muscles of sarcopenia patients

Supramolecular Carbohydrate Assemblies with Tunable Glycan Surfaces

Abstract The self‐assembly of molecular building blocks into ordered supramolecular structures enables the creation of nanomaterials that can display ligands on their surfaces with molecular precision. However, many of these supramolecular scaffolds face challenges in incorporating bulky or hydrophilic ligands, such as carbohydrates. This issue often requires the co‐assembly of ligand‐containing blocks with non‐functionalized ones, diluting ligand presentation and compromising their precise spatial arrangement. Herein, we present carbohydrate oligomers that assemble into supramolecular nanomaterials featuring a molecularly controlled, dense presentation of carbohydrate ligands on their surfaces. This modular system accommodates a variety of carbohydrate ligands while maintaining consistent bulk material properties. Using this approach, we have engineered a series of supramolecular hydrogels, whose nanostructure displays specific carbohydrate residues with high density that act as biological cues to influence the morphology of Candida albicans .

Reversible Monoclinic Transition Buffering and Stepwise Uniform Delithiation in Ni‐Rich Layered Cathodes

Abstract Ultrahigh‐Ni layered oxides are promising high‐energy cathodes but suffer from severe structural degradation during cycling, particularly due to irreversible phase transitions and interfacial instability. While extensive studies focus on the hexagonal (H) phase transition, the intermediate monoclinic (M) phase plays a critical yet overlooked role in mediating lattice strain and enabling ordered delithiation. Stabilizing the M phase remains challenging in ultrahigh‐Ni cathodes due to linked bulk and surface degradation. Herein, we report stabilization of LiNiO 2 by combining Zr doping and Li 3 NbO 4 coating, which respectively suppresses anisotropic lattice distortion by forming Li/Ni superlattices and provides uniform protection on primary particles. This dual‐modification effectively inhibits NiO 6 bond length/angle dispersion within M phase, mitigating Jahn–Teller activity and establishing a reversible transition buffer that accommodates lattice strain and guides moderated M↔H conversion, thereby functioning as a structural bridge to ensure continuous symmetry recovery. The modified cathode achieves a stepwise uniform delithiation with layer‐by‐layer Li distribution, preventing separation into Li‐sufficient and Li‐deficient areas and delivering enhanced cycling stability with reduced voltage decay. This work demonstrates that M phase engineering is a promising strategy for developing ultrahigh‐Ni cathodes with high energy density and prolonged stability.

Stable Binuclear Platinum(II) Emitters with Substituted 2‐Hydroxypyridine Bridging Ligands for Red and Near‐Infrared OLEDs with EQE up to 32% and LT ₉₅ up to 26 250 h at 1000 cd m ⁻²

Abstract Platinum(II) metal–metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer ( 3 MMLCT) emitters have high radiative decay rates and tunable emission energies but their stability under device operation conditions is a critical issue. Here we describe a new class of substituted 2‐hydroxypyridine bridged binuclear Pt II complexes [Pt 2 (R‐N^O)] that display strong 3 MMLCT emission in the red to NIR region with emission quantum yields up to 0.87 and radiative decay rate as high as 6.69 × 10 5 s −1 . Compared with the conventional formamidinate bridging ligand, the asymmetric N and O donor sites of the R‐N^O bridging ligand can form strong Pt─N and Pt─O bonds by modulating the electron distribution on the N^O bridging ligand, thus forming a binuclear Pt II complex with enhanced stability. OLEDs based on [Pt 2 (R‐N^O)] emitters as dopants have an EQE max of 32.7%, efficiency roll‐off of 2.4% at 1000 cd m −2 and LT 95 >26 200 h at L 0 of 1000 cd m −2 . The [Pt 2 (R‐N^O)] complex‐sensitized red hyper‐OLEDs with CIE coordinates of (0.65, 0.35) had an FWHM of 35 nm (0.11 eV) and an outstanding device lifetime of LT 95 >23 300 h at 1000 cd m −2 . The co‐doped NIR OLEDs achieved an EQE max of 17.5% at 734 nm emission and excellent operational stability with LT 99 value of 25 873 h at an initial radiance of 1000 mW Sr −1 m −2 . This highlights the practical commercial application of 3 MMLCT emitters in OLEDs technology.

Tracking Structural and Electron Spin Density Changes in a Cooperative Mn ³⁺ Spin Crossover Complex at Atomic Scale via Low Temperature Solid‐State NMR

Abstract Electron spin‐state changes in transition‐metal (TM) complexes underpin many biochemical processes and molecular spin‐control technologies. Such transitions, triggered by external stimuli like temperature, light, or pressure, alter both the molecular structure and electron spin density (ESD) distribution. Paramagnetic NMR offers atomic‐scale insights into these changes, yet traditional solution‐state measurements bear limitations due to solvent effects, unaccounted lattice cooperativity, and inaccessibility at cryogenic temperatures. We overcome these limitations by extending the approach to spinning solids at cryogenic temperatures. Specifically, we report high‐resolution 13 C and 1 H magic‐angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra of a mononuclear spin‐crossover (SCO) Mn(III) complex across the SCO transition at 130 K. Such low‐temperature experiments are particularly challenging because paramagnetic shift and shift anisotropy are inversely proportional to the temperature. The experimental findings are supported by advanced quantum chemical calculations of the NMR and EPR parameters to assign and rationalize the observed paramagnetic shifts. Additionally, monitoring selected 1 H resonances upon heating and cooling through the transition provides access to the order parameter (), revealing hysteresis behavior similar to the magnetic susceptibility measurements. This work demonstrates that paramagnetic NMR combined with quantum chemical calculations provides a unique route to probing SCO at the atomic level.

Mixed‐Ligand‐Induced Crystal Symmetry Breaking and Lattice Distortion in Hybrid Cu(I) Halides for Near‐Unity Quantum Yield Scintillators

Abstract Cu(I)‐based metal halides have emerged as promising scintillators due to their efficient self‐trapped exciton (STE) emission. However, the radiative efficiency of STE emission is mainly determined by structural distortion, making it challenging to precisely control the distortion for optimal luminescence. Here, inspired by symmetry‐breaking principles, we developed a universal asymmetric structure transformation strategy through mixed‐ligand engineering to modulate structural distortion and enhance intramolecular charge transfer, thereby boosting radiative STE emission. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that this mixed‐ligand approach effectively tunes bond lengths and angles, intensifying structural distortion while simultaneously promoting charge transfer for improved luminescence. By optimizing structural distortion, the (C 8 H 20 N) 1 (C 12 H 28 N) 1 Cu 4 Br 6 crystal achieved a 138% enhancement in emission efficiency with a near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield (99% PLQY). Consequently, the ​radioluminescence intensity increased by 187%, reaching 2.67 times light output that of (Lu, Y) 2 SiO 5 : Ce (LYSO). Owing to this remarkable improvement in radioluminescence, large‐area (C 8 H 20 N) 1 (C 12 H 28 N) 1 Cu 4 Br 6 single‐crystal films with low light scattering exhibited outstanding X‐ray imaging performance, achieving a spatial resolution exceeding 29 lp/mm, 2.64 times higher than that of (C 8 H 20 N) 1 (C 12 H 28 N) 1 Cu 4 Br 6 @PMMA films (11 lp/mm). This work establishes mixed‐ligand engineering as an effective approach for structural asymmetry design and demonstrates the material's potential for advanced radiation detection and imaging.

Crystalline 90°‐Twisted Carbon‐Centered Non‐Kekulé Diradical Derived from N‐Heterocyclic Carbene

Abstract Diradicals, molecules with two unpaired electrons, are crucial for understanding chemical reaction mechanisms, bond formation, and bond dissociation. Beyond their fundamental importance, they are increasingly studied for potential applications in batteries, luminescent materials, solar cells, and organic spintronic devices. As an essential property, determining the electronic ground state—singlet or triplet—of diradicals is critical for understanding their reactivity, physical properties, and spin–spin interactions. Tetramethyleneethane (TME), a prototypical disjoint non‐Kekulé diradical, has long attracted attention; however, its ground state remains controversial because it is highly unstable. Here, by appending four N‐heterocyclic carbene‐functionalized p ‐phenylene units to an olefin skeleton, we prepared a TME analog that exhibits high stability in both solution and solid state at room temperature. Experimental characterization and quantum chemical calculations reveal that the isolated diradical adopts a triplet ground state, a 90°‐twisted conformation with D 2d symmetry, and a central C─C bond length of 1.498(5) Å. Preliminary studies further demonstrate the unique reactivity of this carbon‐centered diradical. This strategy offers a general approach for the rational design and isolation of other highly reactive diradicals, facilitating deeper insights into their electronic structures and properties.

Cobalt‐Catalyzed Deoxygenative Coupling of Ethers to Alkanes

Abstract Alkanes have extensive applications in diverse fields and their natural abundance is dwindling. Ethers are prevalently present in biomolecules and synthetic compounds; however, despite recent progress in their transformations they are considered as unreactive functionalities, and widely used as solvents in transition metal‐catalyzed reactions. Hence, catalytic synthesis of alkanes from bio‐ample ethers is highly desirable. A simple cobalt‐catalyzed double C–O bond activation of ethers is attained now; diverse symmetrical and unsymmetrical arylmethyl ethers (ArCH 2 OCH 2 Ar′) are selectively transformed to 1,2‐diaryl alkanes. This protocol is extended toward unsymmetrical arylmethyl alkyl ethers which furnished linear alkyl arenes. Synthesis of biologically active compounds is also achieved utilizing this catalytic method. Consumption of ethers in catalytic deoxygenative coupling to alkanes follows first‐order kinetics. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reactions proceed through molecular intermediates and involve arylmethyl and alkyl radicals. DFT analysis reveals that the in situ generated radical either abstracts a proton from silane, resulting in C–H bond formation or attacks the aryl silyl ether, leading to C–C coupling. The reaction mechanism involves intermediates with different spin multiplicities and spin crossover through minimum energy crossing points (MECPs).

Enantioselective Syntheses of Secondary Alkylboronates via Asymmetric Regioselective Reduction of 1,3‐Dienylboronates

Abstract We report herein the development of catalytic asymmetric synthesis of secondary alkylboronates. Under the optimal conditions, Cu‐catalyzed semi‐reduction of 1‐alkyl‐ or 1,3‐dialkyl‐substituted 1‐boryl‐1,3‐butadienes forms secondary alkylboronates with excellent regioselectivities and enantioselectivities. With H 2 O as the source of hydrogen, the reaction proceeds through a protoboration and protodeboration cascade reaction sequence to generate the desired boronates. By using a slightly modified protocol, the process allows for access to enantioenriched deuterium‐labeled secondary alkylboronates. Density functional theory (DFT) studies were conducted to probe the origins of selectivities.

Synthetic Motifs for Understanding Lewis Acid Interactions with Persulfides and Thioselenides

Abstract Persulfides (RSS – ) and thioselenides (RSSe – ) play important roles in biological S and Se transfer reactions, and their interactions with Lewis acidic moieties exert control over reactivity. Here, we report the synthesis and reactivity of mononuclear Zn 2+ persulfide and thioselenide complexes from a unified synthetic strategy of using isolable dichalcogenide precursors. Highlighting the benefits of replacing S with Se, we use 77 Se NMR spectroscopy to reveal the effects of Lewis acid coordination (K + , Na + , Zn 2+ ) on the electronic environment of the terminal Se of the thioselenide (R–S β –Se α – ). Coordination of RSSe – to Zn 2+ polarizes the Se─S bond, rendering the internal sulfur atom (R–S β –Se α – ) susceptible to nucleophilic attack and resulting in selenide (Se 2– ) release. We also prepared a mononuclear Zn 2+ persulfide complex and probed differences in persulfide nucleophilicity when compared to the parent thiolate. Alkylation of the Zn 2+ persulfide is considerably faster than the Zn 2+ thiolate, supporting the proposed nucleophilicity enhancement of persulfides due to the α‐effect, and providing new insights into persulfide reactivity when coordinated to metals. Taken together, these investigations highlight the utility of small molecule synthetic models in advancing insights into the biological chemistry of metal dichaclogenides.

Manipulating P States of Organophosphine Polymers to Enhance Multi‐Channel Synergetic Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence

Abstract According to El‐Sayed's rule, nπ * component would facilitate intersystem crossing (ISC) and room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of organic molecules. However, purposeful molecular design still faces big challenge due to insufficient understanding of inherent effect of nπ * states on RTP. Herein, phosphorus‐containing groups of triphenylphosphine, triphenylphosphine oxide, and tetraphenylphosphonium bromide are introduced in polyacrylamide matrix, corresponding to PAM‐TPP, PAM‐TPPO, and PAM‐TPP + . It shows that phosphorus (“P”) states determine excited‐state compositions of these polymers and, more importantly, result in different RTP processes. p – π conjugation between P atom and phenyls in PAM‐TPP integrates ISC acceleration and triplet convergence to stabilize triplet states (T n *). In contrast, P = O localized nπ * state of PAM‐TPPO competes with ππ * states of phenyls, while PAM‐TPP + has pure ππ * states. In contrast to RTP‐free PAM‐TPPO and PAM‐TPP + , with RTP dependent on 1 ππ * excitation, PAM‐TPP achieves the best RTP performance, including the longest lifetime beyond 250 ms, the highest efficiency reaching 10.8%, and the limited excitation dependence, owing to its more than fourfold larger ISC rate constants reaching 10 −7 s −1 and doubled RTP proportions. This work clarifies the importance of nπ *– ππ * synergy for developing high‐performance RTP materials.