Browse Articles

Lilly pays US$1.2 billion for Ventyx and its oral anti-inflammatories

Immuno‐Neuroprotectants Facilitate Neurological Recovery via Sequestration of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) and Promotion of Neuroregeneration

ABSTRACT Maintaining nerve integrity and rescuing/regenerating injured neurons are pivotal for spinal cord injury (SCI) repair. Herein, an immuno‐neuroprotectant (INPT) is developed to mitigate secondary SCI and promote neuroregeneration via sequestration of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and targeted delivery of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). To construct the INPT, positively charged BDNF is engineered into negatively charged A‐BDNF nanoparticles (A‐BDNF NPs) via reversible modification with adenosine triphosphate, and A‐BDNF NPs are further coated with polySia‐overexpressing microglia membrane (PBM). In SCI mice, intravenously injected INPT effectively accumulates in the injured spinal cord and then binds to NETs through the over‐expressed polySia on PBM. This binding triggers PBM shedding from the NPs, and thereby, phosphatidylserine localized at the cytoplasmic leaflet of PBM is exposed and displayed on the NETs surface. Consequently, the PBM‐bound NETs are cleared by phagocytes via efferocytosis, which provokes neuroprotective immune responses. Meanwhile, the mildly acidic environment triggers traceless restoration of A‐BDNF NPs to the native BDNF to foster neuroregeneration. Thus, PBM‐mediated NETs sequestration cooperates with BDNF‐mediated neuroregeneration to restore neurological recovery. This study provides an enlightened approach for remedying NET‐associated pathophysiological aberrations and also renders a facile yet effective platform for biomacromolecule delivery to the central nervous system.

Amorphous Engineering of Transparent High‐Crystallinity Luminescent Nano‐Glass‐Ceramics for Advanced Photonic Applications

ABSTRACT Transparent glass‐ceramics are promising materials for advanced applications, but their development is fundamentally constrained by low crystallinity (<70%), leading to significant “performance deterioration”. In order to overcome this bottleneck, this study proposes a universal amorphous engineering approach, which synergistically exploits amorphous phase separation and glass‐network confinement. This method promotes heterogeneous nucleation at phase boundaries and spatially restricts crystal growth, achieving ultra‐high crystallinity (> 90%) while maintaining high optical transparency (> 90%). Unlike conventional approaches that rely on specific compositions or crystallization pathways, this broadly adaptable strategy has been successfully extended to fluoride, oxide, perovskite, and sulfide‐based glass‐ceramics, demonstrating its versatility. Upon rare‐earth doping, the composites exhibit superior performance in transparent displays, laser‐driven lighting, and high‐resolution X‐ray imaging. The results provide an adaptable strategy for next‐generation photonic materials in advanced optical technologies.

Ultra‐High Conductivity Enhancement of Robust All‐Solid‐State Ion Elastomers via Strain‐Induced Ion Channel Alignment and Temperature‐Activated Ion‐Gated Release

Abstract Despite their potential in ionic electronics, conventional ionic conductors face critical limitations, including modest strain‐modulated conductivity and restricted self‐regulation under temperature variations. Here, a mechanically robust all‐solid‐state ionic elastomer is presented, engineered through molecular design and microphase separation. By in situ integrating polyacrylamide (PAM) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) into maleic anhydride‐grafted styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene (SEBS‐MAH), a hierarchical structure with dynamic non‐covalent interactions (hydrogen bonds, lithium bonds, and cation‐π effects) is achieved. This design yields exceptional mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 46.4 MPa, strain of 1066%, and toughness of 207.8 MJ m −3 , alongside outstanding recyclability and puncture resistance. Remarkably, strain‐induced alignment of microphase‐separated domains reduces ion transport tortuosity, enabling a 1300 times conductivity enhancement at 1066% strain. Concurrently, temperature‐gated ion release from confined regions triggers a 1600 times conductivity increase at 120 °C. The elastomer maintains high conductivity (>10 −3 S m −1 ) across an ultra‐wide temperature range (−45–120 °C), overcoming the limitations of conventional hydrogels and ionogels. This work pioneers a dual‐stimuli‐responsive strategy for advanced ionic conductors, offering transformative potential in wearable electronics, soft robotics, and adaptive sensors.

Epitope-specific antibodies can distinguish between soluble huntingtin exon-1 and its diverse cellular aggregates

First antibody-mimetic adnectin nabs an FDA approval

Polarize the Solvent to Regulate the Intermediate Phase and Dynamic Crystallization of Perovskite Films

ABSTRACT Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated substantial potential due to their superior optoelectronic performance, but rapid and often poorly controlled crystallization during dynamic solution processing frequently leads to defective crystal growth and compromised film quality. Herein, we introduce a strategy utilizing polar polymers to intricately regulate solvent polarity and evaporation kinetics, thereby modulating the dynamics of perovskite crystallization. Particularly, the strongly polarized, high‐population fluorinated groups in poly(pentafluorostyrene) strongly interact with solvent molecules in the precursor solution, stabilizing the solvent‐containing intermediate phase and controlling the exfoliation of solvent molecules during perovskite crystallization. Direct imaging by scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals the structure of the intermediate phase, and in situ optical studies demonstrate that the regulated crystallization suppresses defect formation and improves film quality. Consequently, inverted PSCs fabricated via this new solvent engineering strategy achieve an efficiency of 26.4% and retain 92% after 1000 h of continuous illumination, underscoring the effectiveness of this strategy of polarizing the solvent.

Oxygen‐Self‐Supply Synthesis of Two‐Dimensional Fe ₂ Mo ₃ O ₈ Semiconductor Single Crystal With Colossal Ferroelectric Polarization

ABSTRACT Developing ferroelectric semiconductors with colossal polarizations is crucial for fabricating large‐capacity/high‐density memory devices to meet the artificial intelligence demands. Although remarkable ferroelectric polarizations have been uncovered in perovskite‐type oxides, the compatibility with electronic device scaling is becoming an insurmountable bottleneck. Here, we design an oxygen‐self‐supply chemical vapor deposition strategy to synthesize a 2D ferroelectric semiconductor single crystal of Fe 2 Mo 3 O 8 . The unique FeO 4 tetrahedral cage contributes to the long displacement of the iron ion and induces the generation of large polarization. In parallel, the oxygen‐deficient growth environment and ultrathin thickness enable the generation of oxygen vacancies and lattice distortion, which further enhance the ferroelectric polarization. As expected, ultrahigh polarization value up to 230 µC/cm 2 and ultralong endurance (4 × 10 9 cycles) are achieved in 2D Fe 2 Mo 3 O 8 , ten to one hundred times larger than most 2D ferroelectric materials. Concurrently, ferroelectric tunnel junctions based on 2D Fe 2 Mo 3 O 8 exhibit high switching speed and long retention time. This work represents a substantial leap for developing new 2D ferroelectric semiconductors with giant polarizations, which will stimulate the further exploration of large‐capacity/high‐density memory chips to overcome von Neumann architecture bottlenecks.

Robust Interfacial Hydrogen‐Bond Network on Positively Charged Ru‐N‐Ni Dual Sites Boosts Alkaline Hydrogen Electrocatalysis

Abstract Ruthenium (Ru)‐based dual‐site catalysts can efficiently accelerate alkaline hydrogen electrocatalytic kinetics by virtue of the well‐balanced competitive adsorptions of multiple reaction intermediates. However, their insufficient mass transfer makes them far away from the applications, largely lying to the challenge of precisely manipulating the interface water structure. Herein, a concept of nitrogen‐bridged positively charged dual sites with a robust interfacial hydrogen‐bond network is presented for enhancing alkaline hydrogen oxidation and evolution reactions (HOR and HER). The positively charged Ru and Ni sites are demonstrated to trigger the ordered water orientation with the favorable “O‐down” configuration, strengthening the interfacial hydrogen‐bond network and promoting the mass transfer. In particular, the efficient charge‐transfer channels of asymmetric Ru‐N‐Ni bridges can maintain the high‐valence of Ru sites and high electron density of Ni sites, thus stabilizing * OH adsorption on Ru sites and weakening * H adsorption on Ni sites, as well as enhancing anti‐CO poisoning ability. As a result, the elaborated Ru‐Ni 3 N catalysts achieve a mass activity of 60.6 A g −1 for HOR, representing one of the most active one among state‐of‐the‐art Ru‐based catalysts yet reported. This interfacial hydrogen‐bond network modulation strategy can also be extended to HER electrocatalysis, driving the anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer to achieve a low cell voltage of 1.79 V at 1 A cm −2 and excellent long‐term stability at an industrial current density of 500 mA cm −2 for more than 550 h.

Activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) by telatinib induce antitumor activity

Kinase inhibitors trigger target degradation

A Bioresorbable and Bioimplantable Energy Harvesting‐Storage Integrated System as Wireless Power Supply for Biomedical Electronics

ABSTRACT The development of transient energy harvesting or storage devices has provided a revolutionary power supply solution for the new generation of implantable biomedical electronics or disposable environmental sensors. However, existing power supply schemes still struggle to meet the requirements, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, high electrochemical performances, and/or recyclable power output, for practical applications. In this study, we present a bioresorbable and bioimplantable wireless energy harvesting‐storage system (WEHSS), of which electromagnetic energies can be harvested by a planar coil through near‐field inductive coupling, then be stored by the integrated bioresorbable zinc‐ion battery (BZIB). Glucose/zinc sulfate/gelatin (Glu/ZS/Gel) hydrogel that can efficiently inhibit the growth of Zn dendrites, the corrosion of Zn electrodes, and the accumulation of insulating by‐products is introduced as the electrolyte of BZIB, thus enabling the fast charging and robust power output of WEHSS. In addition, their biocompatibility is evaluated in living rabbit models, and fully in vivo degradation within 16 weeks without adverse biological reactions to either major organs or blood chemistry is demonstrated. The presented materials and device platforms add to the portfolio of bioresorbable and bioimplantable power supply options for biomedical electronics.

Effective Ionic Potential Guided Dual‐Gradient Structural Engineering for Spent LiCoO ₂ Upcycling

ABSTRACT Sustainable recycling of degraded LiCoO 2 (LCO) cathode is critical for minimizing the environmental footprint of lithium‐ion batteries. Herein, we propose an upcycling method that converts degraded LCO into high‐voltage cathodes by constructing a compositional and structural dual‐gradient structure, guided by the effective ionic potential (EIP, Φ* ), a descriptor for foreign dopant diffusivity in degraded LCO lattices. Specifically, low‐ Φ* dopants tend to exhibit high bulk diffusivity, whereas high‐ Φ* dopants are retained near the surface, which promotes the formation of the compositional gradient and leads to a structural transition in LCO from a fully disordered, dense surface to an ordered layered structure in the bulk. This structure endows the upcycled cathode with a stabilized surface and low‐strain bulk structure, enabling its superior electrochemical performance over the commercial counterpart at cut‐off potentials of 4.6 and 4.65 V. Comprehensive kinetic and thermodynamic analyses reveal the critical role of vacancies in spent LCO for this structural engineering: Bulk vacancies facilitate the formation of deeper dopant concentration gradients within particles, while vacancies near the surface promote the development of a continuous and dense surface disordered structure. Multiscale characterizations and theoretical calculations elucidate the relationship between the engineered structure and the electrochemical stability of the upcycled cathode.

A Labor‐Division Cooperation Electronic Palm System for High‐Precision Crosstalk‐Free Cognition of Pressure and Temperature

Abstract Current methods for pressure and temperature sensing face issues such as crosstalk, low integration, and difficulty in achieving large‐scale arrays. These problems significantly impact the practical application value of multifunctional biomimetic sensors in intelligent biomimetic robots. Herein, this paper presents a novel multifunctional biomimetic electronic palm system (BEPS) consisting of 16 bimodal decoupling biomimetic electronic skins (e‐skin). By subtly introducing vertical stacking design and in situ photopolymerization and 3D printing technologies‐based fabrication, large‐scale arrays integration with high sensing performances is constructed. Furthermore, a universal decoupling calculation model is developed, achieving crosstalk‐free sensing of temperature and pressure. To demonstrate the practical application value of the proposed biomimetic palm, three implemented demonstration applications in this paper show that the mechanical hand has the ability to detect water temperature and water level, as well as to confirm the softness and shape of grasped objects. The BEPS system combines neural hand contraction reflexes to achieve closed‐loop control and feedback when dealing with hot and cold objects. This progress has enormous potential in enhancing the functionality and adaptability of robotic systems.

Frontal Polymerization‐Enabled 3D Printing of Recyclable High‐Performance Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers

Abstract Thermoset composites often face a challenging trade‐off between recyclability and high performance. In this study, an innovative closed‐loop manufacturing approach that integrates frontal ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (FROMP) with 3D printing to produce fully recyclable carbon fiber‐reinforced polymers (c‐CFRPs) is presented. A self‐propagating FROMP‐enabled direct ink writing (DIW) printing technology is developed, enabling in situ curing within seconds. This breakthrough eliminates the need for post‐processing and reduces energy consumption by two orders of magnitude compared to traditional autoclave methods. By copolymerizing dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) with a commercial spiroacetal monomer (≤3 wt.%), acid‐degradable resins that retain the tensile strength of conventional thermosets are introduced while allowing for matrix depolymerization under mild conditions. The DCPD‐based c‐CFRPs demonstrate remarkable tensile strengths of up to 817 MPa and glass transition temperatures exceeding 160 °C. In a significant advancement, the recovered carbon fibers retain their pristine morphology and over 95% of their original mechanical properties, enabling repeated recycling without performance loss. Additionally, recovered oligomers can be repolymerized into new resins, further enhancing sustainability. This work presents a groundbreaking solution for high‐performance composite manufacturing, addressing critical energy and waste challenges in the thermoset industry.

GRIA1 regulates TGN export and secretion of Sonic hedgehog

Boosting CAR T cell efficacy

A Redox‐Mediated Stepwise Reversible Electrodeposition Smart Window

ABSTRACT The optical tunability of electrochromic smart windows enables heat regulation, providing a viable route to reduced building energy consumption. Reversible electrodeposition‐based systems are advantageous due to the high optical contrast. However, they are often limited by high specular reflectance, insufficient modulation in the near‐infrared (NIR) region, and a lack of continuously tunable intermediate states. Therefore, we introduced a redox‐mediated strategy that leverages the synergistic interaction between Mn 2+ and viologens to regulate the MnO 2 deposition kinetics. This cooperative interaction ensures precise optical tunability, enabling the stabilization of continuous intermediate states while simultaneously enhancing NIR modulation in the colored state. The device achieves an ultralow average visible transmittance of 0.1%, a solar modulation efficiency Δ T sol of 63.3%, low reflectance (∼ 8%) and a coloration time of 10.5  s. This smart window significantly reduces energy demands for building thermal management, lowers carbon emissions, and provides a viable pathway toward energy‐efficient green buildings.

Defect‐Driven Ionic Trap Construction and Interface Modulation for Rapid Li ⁺ Kinetics in Composite Solid Electrolytes

ABSTRACT Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) hold great promise for lithium metal batteries owing to the inherent safety and mechanical flexibility, yet their progress is impeded by sluggish Li + transport and unstable interfacial chemistry. Herein, we unveil an ionic‐trap framework to clarify the essential role of inorganic fillers in regulating ion migration. Specifically, milled carbon nitride with oxamide incorporation (MCNOI) introduces abundant nitrogen vacancies that function as a shallow ionic trap, enabling reversible Li + capture/release and constructing continuous conduction pathways. By contrast, traditional carbon nitride forms a deep ionic trap that immobilizes Li + , whereas ionic trap‐free polymer electrolytes lack effective guidance for Li + transport. Beyond intrinsic ion conduction, MCNOI facilitates the formation of a gradient organic‐inorganic interphase, redistributing interfacial charges, suppressing anion migration, and promoting uniform Li deposition. Consequently, the optimized CSE achieves a high Li + transference number (0.68), ultralong cycling stability (>3000 h), and remarkable full‐cell durability (92.3% capacity retention after 1800 cycles at 5 C). These findings highlight defect‐engineered fillers as active regulators of Li + transport, redefining design strategies for durable high‐performance solid‐state batteries.

3D Flat Band in Ultra‐Thin Kagome Metal Mn ₃ Sn Film

Abstract Flat bands with narrow energy dispersion can give rise to strongly correlated electronic and topological phases, especially when located at the Fermi level. Whilst flat bands are experimentally realized in 2D twisted van der Waals heterostructures, they are highly sensitive to twist angle, necessitating complex fabrication techniques. Geometrically frustrated kagome lattices have emerged as an attractive alternative platform as they can natively host flat bands that are observed experimentally in quasi‐2D bulk‐crystal kagome metals. An outstanding experimental question is whether flat bands can be realized in ultra‐thin metals, with opportunities for stronger electron–electron interactions through tuning of the surrounding dielectric environment. Here, angle‐resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunnelling microscopy, and band structure calculations are used to show that ultra‐thin films of the kagome metal Mn 3 Sn host a robust dispersionless flat band with a bandwidth of 50 meV. Furthermore, chemical tuning of the flat band to near the Fermi level via manganese defect engineering is demonstrated. The realization of tunable kagome‐derived flat bands in an ultra‐thin kagome metal represents a promising platform to study strongly correlated and topological phenomena, with applications in quantum computing, spintronics and low‐energy electronics.