Browse Articles

B3GNT8-mediated glycosylation maintains intestinal homeostasis and protects against colitis

Constructing Interfacial Prestress to Achieve Homogeneously Strained Perovskites

ABSTRACT Vertically inhomogeneous strain within perovskite crystalline layers remains a critical barrier to achieving high efficiency and long‐term stability in perovskite solar cells. Herein, we address this challenge by integrating ascorbyl glucoside into hydrothermally synthesized TiO 2 nanocrystals derived from TiCl 4 to reduce the surface energy of TiO 2 electron transport layer. The small surface energy establishes a liquid/solid/air interface, creating a dewetting effect to trigger stressed perovskite lattice at the bottom region. This design aligns with the liquid/air interface at the top, typically accompanied by formation of an inevitably strained top surface of the perovskite crystals. By precisely controlling crystallization dynamics of the liquid/solid/air interface, we successfully obtained a compressively strained perovskite film that is homogeneously strained throughout the out‐of‐plane direction. This uniform strain perovskite films deliver outstanding device performance, improving efficiencies to 25.34% of target from 23.20% of control for small‐area devices (0.09 cm 2 ), and 24.13% of target from 21.25% of control for large‐area devices (1.00 cm 2 ). Moreover, the optimized device demonstrate remarkable operational stability, retaining over 95% (T95) of its initial efficiency for over 2 000 h. The mechanically informed strategy introduces a new paradigm for strain engineering, offering valuable insights into the design of high performance perovskite photovoltaics.

Balancing Performance and Device Complexity in Single‐Point Miniaturized Spectrometers via Multi‐Peak Modulation Strategies

ABSTRACT Balancing resolution, complexity, bandwidth, power, and scalability is essential for advancing single‐point miniaturized spectrometers from lab prototypes to practical portable and integrated photonic systems. In this paper, we present a high‐performance two‐terminal asymmetric back‐to‐back organic spectrometer (BTBOS) that utilizes a bias‐controlled multi‐peak modulation strategy to mitigate the ill‐posed inverse problem common in single‐point architectures. The device achieves a 1 nm spectral resolution across the broad 300–1000 nm range, with a ∼0.25 nm peak error and <2% spectral crosstalk, using only a low driving voltage of 0.6 V. The device further features a structurally simple design along with remarkable stability and reproducibility. In addition, we demonstrate its practical applicability in spectral imaging. This scalable and energy‐efficient approach paves the way for practical and commercial use of miniaturized spectrometers in wearable and on‐chip optical systems.

Laser‐Directed Assembly of Stretchable Strain Sensors with Tunable Performance on Complex Curved Surfaces

Abstract Stretchable strain sensors are capable of accurately mapping deformation across object surfaces, serving as critical components in structural health monitoring and failure mitigation across diverse systems. However, the inherent geometric complexity and non‐uniformity of real‐world surfaces pose significant challenges to conformal sensor integration. Moreover, conventional strain sensors face inherent trade‐offs among sensitivity, detection range, and tunability, limiting their adaptability in practical applications. This study introduces a laser direct writing strategy that combines material and process innovations to enable scalable fabrication of strain sensors on preformed stretchable curved surfaces. Precise control of laser‐induced microstructures allows programmable tuning of electromechanical properties, enabling selective behaviors such as high linearity, strain insensitivity, or pronounced resistance changes at small strains. The resulting devices exhibit a high gauge factor of up to 10 6 , a strain detection range exceeding 100%, a minimum detectable strain of 0.1%, and excellent linearity (correlation coefficient > 0.98) within defined operational ranges. As a proof of concept, a sensor array is implemented for strain mapping and deformation reconstruction on a hemispherical 3D stretchable substrate, demonstrating the capability of this approach for high‐resolution strain monitoring on complex, non‐planar geometries.

Dynamic and extensive A-to-I RNA recoding in immunoglobulin shapes myeloid neoplasm transcriptome

Photothermal Manipulation of Plasmonic/Polymer Composite Nanoshell Arrays: Enhancing Lattice Order and Tunable Structural Color

ABSTRACT Localized surface plasmon resonance of noble metal nanoparticles provides an efficient mechanism for light‐to‐heat conversion, enabling the post‐assembly manipulation of hollow polymer nanoshells in a 2D array. Rapid photothermal heating of gold nanoparticles decorated on the inner surface of nanoshells vaporizes the encapsulated solvent, inducing volumetric expansion and controlled positional adjustment of the nanoshells pre‐assembled on a solid substrate. This process leads to significant improvements in array ordering, along with noticeable enhancements in optical diffraction intensity and a tunable redshift in structural color. The magnitude of this photothermal‐induced expansion can be controlled by manipulating the incident light intensity and the polymer nanoshell parameters, such as diameter and thickness. This photoresponsive system offers a unique and versatile platform for light‐controlled structural color manipulation, including direct laser writing and patterning, opening new opportunities for advanced materials with dynamically tunable optical properties.

Redirecting Tryptophan Metabolism Through Host‐Microbial Crosstalk to Enhance Precise Bioorthogonal Chemoimmunotherapy

ABSTRACT Bioorthogonal chemistry offers a promising approach for advancing chemoimmunotherapy, yet two critical challenges remain: (1) achieving deep tumor penetration of catalysts while ensuring precise tumor‐confined prodrug activation, and (2) reversing metabolic immunosuppression to potentiate immunotherapy efficacy. To tackle these issues, here we fabricate a bioorthogonal probiotic nanosystem (NP@ZIF‐8@Apt‐Lr) by engineering prodrug catalysts and an indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor onto AS1411 aptamer‐modified Lactobacillus reuteri (Lr). AS1411‐guided recognition and GSH‐responsive prodrug decaging provide a double guarantee for tumor‐selective drug activation, enabling localized tumor killing and further immunogenic cell death (ICD). Also, the inherent tumor‐homing properties of Lr endow the nanosystem with the ability of penetrating deep tissue. More crucially, the released IDO inhibitor blocks the immunosuppressive kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism, while Lr redirects tryptophan metabolism toward the immunostimulatory indole‐3‐aldehyde pathway through host‐microbial crosstalk. Upon treatment, NP@ZIF‐8@Apt‐Lr overcomes immune tolerance and stimulates T lymphocyte infiltration into tumors. Furthermore, it significantly enhances the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy by suppressing bilateral tumor development and inducing an immune memory response. This work presents a new strategy for enhancing bioorthogonal chemoimmunotherapy through precise prodrug activation and probiotic‐mediated metabolic reprogramming by host‐microbial crosstalk.

Emergent Global‐Pinning Exchange Bias in van der Waals Magnetic Heterostructures

Abstract As magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) technology becomes increasingly vital for emerging applications, such as artificial intelligence, the development of cost‐effective and miniaturized solutions is essential. van der Waals (vdW) magnets, which can be vertically stacked with various functional blocks, offer promising potential to enhance the performance and scalability of memory devices. Nevertheless, the need for perfect alignment between adjacent layers and finite local interactions at the interfaces often complicates device architectures and leads to high power consumption. Addressing these challenges, a new device configuration with partial overlap while maintaining the global effect would be a promising scheme. Here, using Fe 3 GeTe 2 /MnBi 2 Te 4 (FGT/MBT) as a paradigm, the global‐pinning exchange bias (GPEB) effect is successfully achieved with a horizontal pinning distance approaching 100 µm. Specifically, once stacking a small‐area MBT on FGT, the entire FGT is fully biased due to magnetic couplings inherent to vdW magnets, as confirmed by the theoretical model. Interlayer coupling and coverage ratio provide additional degrees of freedom to manipulate the GPEB. Remarkably, this emergent GPEB effect is prevalent across vdW heterostructures composed of various vdW magnets. This work expands design flexibility and offers strategies for constructing new in‐memory computing devices, opening exciting possibilities for future spintronic applications.

The role of acyl cycling in endogenous G protein localization

Phosphate Ester‐Modified Acceptor Additives Enable Concurrent Vertical Morphology and Interfacial Engineering for Organic Solar Cells Approaching 21% Efficiency

ABSTRACT Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have progressed rapidly, yet further gains are constrained by coupled challenges in vertical morphology control and energy alignment at the acceptor–cathode interface. Here, a molecular engineering strategy is presented that installs strongly polar phosphate ester groups onto the inner alkyl chains of the benchmark NFA L8‐BO, yielding two derivatives—1POE and 2POE. Employed as non‐volatile solid additives during layer‐by‐layer processing, these molecules induce vertical composition redistribution to form a graded donor–acceptor–additive architecture. The resulting vertical profiling strengthens intermolecular interactions, raises surface energy, and drives additive accumulation near the top interface, thereby improving interfacial energetics and facilitating electron extraction. Consequently, devices incorporating 2 wt.% 1POE or 2POE deliver power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 19.87% and 19.28%, respectively, versus 18.83% for controls, alongside enhanced operational stability. The strategy shows strong universality across multiple blends, achieving a PCE of 20.90% in a D18/L8‐BO:BTP‐eC9FCl ternary system. These results demonstrate that precise phosphate ester–based additive design enables concurrent optimization of vertical phase distribution and interfacial energetics, offering a practical route to high‐efficiency, stable OSCs.

Dual‐Exciplex White OLEDs for Natural‐Quality Lighting and Optical Data Transmission

ABSTRACT The integration of high‐quality organic solid‐state lighting with high‐speed optical wireless communication offers an innovative pathway toward next‐generation optoelectronic devices. Here, we report a structurally simplified white organic light‐emitting diode (WOLED) that achieves seamless integration of natural‐light‐quality illumination and visible light communication (VLC) using a unique dual‐exciplex architecture. Central to this design is a versatile organic layer of PPCzTrz that serves as both an electron donor and acceptor at two distinct interfaces, establishing complementary charge‐transport pathways and a voltage‐controlled dynamic shift of the exciton recombination zone. This spatial redistribution balances blue and green exciplex emissions, while Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) sequentially funnels energy to strategically positioned green, orange, and red phosphorescent ultrathin layers. The resulting multi‐path exciton management strategy ensures spectrally stable white light from 400 to 700 nm, yielding a record‐high color rendering index (CRI = 97), a peak external quantum efficiency of 27.0%, and a power efficiency of 85.8 lm W −1 . The same device enables high‐speed VLC with a data rate of 14.0 Mbps. This work provides a scalable and energy‐efficient platform that simultaneously addresses the needs of high‐quality lighting and optical data transmission, paving the way for smart lighting systems and fully organic integrated optoelectronics.

Conserved early steps of stemmadenine biosynthesis

Viscoelastic Phase Transition of Polyborodimethylsiloxane (PBDMS) for Mechanical Pass Filters and Noise Fading Sensor

ABSTRACT Continuous monitoring of physiological signals is inevitably disrupted by motion artifacts and ambient mechanical noise. Signal processing is typically required to extract genuine physiological signals from motion artifacts, yet the signals can be distorted and classified incompletely. Previously, we presented a noise‐selective damper based on gelatin hydrogel and chitosan, however, the hydrogel is unstable due to dehydration. In addition, various types of mechanical filters, such as high‐pass, low‐pass, and band‐pass filters, are needed as alternatives to signal processing. Here, we present viscoelastic polyborodimethylsiloxane (PBDMS) based mechanical pass filters, which maintain stable damping properties for over three months. Dynamic bonding from hydrogen bonds and B─O bonds enables energy dissipation through chain rearrangement and entanglement. The damping behaviors can be tuned by adjusting its molecular weight. As molecular weight increases, the reconfiguration and re‐bonding of these chains slow down, resulting in a longer relaxation time. This molecular‐weight‐dependent relaxation behavior allows precise control over the transition frequency. Furthermore, by parallelly assembling materials with distinct phase transition characteristics, not only high‐pass, but also low‐pass and band‐pass mechanical filtering is achieved. Using PBDMS‐based wearable bioelectronics, we successfully separate more than two concurrent mechanical signals without any additional signal processing.

Reconfigurable Hydroxyl Dissociation for Spectrally Decoupled Weight Programming and Photocurrent Computing

ABSTRACT The rise of the Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) demands sensory systems with reduced size, weight, and power (SWaP). The processing‐in‐sensor (PIS) paradigm offers a solution, providing superior compactness and power‐efficiency, critical for edge vision applications. Among emerging optoelectronic neuromorphic devices, the direct photocurrent computing (DPC) route is uniquely attractive, using photoresponsivity to encode weights for in‐sensor multiply–accumulate (MAC) operations. However, current DPC devices rely on electrical signals for weight programming, which complicates circuitry and limits bandwidth compared to all‐optical approaches. To address this, we present an optically programmable DPC device based on a vacancy‐modulated bismuth oxyselenide (BOS) material platform. Critically, the reversible surface hydroxyl dissociation is found to reconfigure oxygen vacancy dynamics upon ultraviolet light, enabling the spectrally decoupled weight programming and photocurrent computing. Based on this, we demonstrate a BOS array implemented PIS hardware for low‐power, coarse classification and as a pre‐processing unit for more complex vision tasks in a processing‐near‐sensor (PNS) paradigm. Finally, a hybrid architecture is proposed to intelligently allocate computational resources between PIS and PNS, promising for an optimal balance of power and performance for next‐generation edge AIoT applications.

Regulation of Solvation and Interfacial Chemistry via Monofluorinated Cations Enables High‐Voltage and Safe Lithium Metal Batteries

Abstract The fluorine‐rich electrode electrolyte interphase, chemically sourced from fluorinated anions and solvents, plays a pivotal role in improving the cycling stability of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) equipped with Ni‐rich cathodes. To prestore fluorine source on cations, here a novel monofluorinated cationic skeleton has been designed and synthesized. Its role is first investigated in the regulation of solvation structure and evolution in both bulk and interface regions. The monofluorinated cation can compete with lithium ions for coordinating electrolyte molecules, which improves the oxidative stability of solvents on the cathode surface and prevents the undesirable transition from the anion‐rich to anion‐deficient structure at the anode interface induced by the interfacial electric field. By leveraging this ionic liquid architecture carrying fluorine in both cation and anion, A localized moderate‐concentration ionic liquid electrolyte (LMCILE) is developed that exhibits exceptional compatibility with lithium metal anodes and superior safety characteristics. LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 |LMCILE|Li (4.5 V) cells display excellent cycle stability with a good capacity retention of 82.9% over 950 cycles. The Ni‐rich LiNi 0.9 Co 0.05 Mn 0.05 O 2 |LMCILE|Li (4.5 V) system also delivers good electrochemical performance with high capacity retention of 91.4% after 300 cycles and 90.3% after 200 cycles, even at 60 °C.

Sterile innate immune mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases

Constructing Layered Double Hydroxide‐Based Micro‐Nano Reactors for Enhanced Nitrogen Photofixation

ABSTRACT Efficient photofixation of N 2 in aqueous photocatalyst dispersions is hampered by the very low solubility and diffusion coefficient of N 2 in water. Herein, we designed and constructed 3D micro‐nano reactors based on zinc‐aluminum layered double hydroxide (3D‐LDH) to overcome these challenges. Notably, the unique spatial architecture of the micro‐nano reactors (containing vertical ZnAl‐LDH arrays) visually captured by confocal laser scanning microscopy enriches the local concentration of small gas molecules during photocatalysis. The spillover kinetic analysis using oxygen as a probe molecule verified the enhanced diffusion of small gas molecules in the local vicinity of the 3D‐LDH catalyst. Accordingly, 3D‐LDH delivered superior photocatalytic activity for nitrogen photofixation compared to traditional LDH photocatalysts (2D‐LDH and bulk‐LDH). As a demonstration of the universality of this approach, 3D‐BiOBr and 3D‐TiO 2 equipped with micro‐nano reactors were also prepared, demonstrating notably enhanced performance for photocatalytic H 2 O 2 synthesis and aqueous dye degradation compared to their 2D counterparts. This work thus identifies a practicable strategy for enhancing the rates of photocatalytic reactions in aqueous media that utilize a gas‐phase reactant.

Corrigendum to “Sn‐Pb Perovskite with Strong Light and Oxygen Stability for All‐Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells”

Shutting Down the ‘Language Encoder’: A Pathogen‐Derived Nano‐Interferer Disrupt Sialylation Metabolism and Reprogram Intercellular Communication in Glioblastoma

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM), constrained by the limited cranial space and the blood–brain barrier (BBB), establishes a rapidly adaptable, generalized communication network through enhanced terminal sialylation of membrane proteins. This metabolism‐driven network encodes cellular metabolic states into functional information at the membrane level, thereby markedly enhancing signaling plasticity, intercellular communication, and immune evasion, which together sustain and expand malignant phenotypes within a resource‐limited microenvironment. Here, a “metabolism‐guided decoding of communication architecture” strategy is proposed and developed a brain‐targeted pathogen‐derived nano‐interferer (OMV@HM‐T/F). By simultaneously inhibiting glycosylation precursor synthesis and sialic acid activation, the platform remodels membrane glycan structures, disrupts glycan‐dependent communication scaffolds, and effectively blocks downstream signal amplification and immune suppression pathways. Integrating BBB penetrability with tumor microenvironment responsiveness, this strategy enables precise metabolic‐level intervention, offering a promising approach to overcoming high adaptability and therapeutic resistance.

Clostridioides difficile TcdB induces expression of its receptor (CSPG4) through a noncanonical Hippo signaling mechanism