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A global feasibility gap in resilient island energy transitions
Improved dynamic average modeling and impedance analysis of multi-pulse diode rectifiers
Sea level rise and fall north of Greenland reorganize Arctic freshwater export to North Atlantic
Abstract Arctic freshwater is exported to the North Atlantic through Fram Strait and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and its partitioning influences subpolar ocean stratification. How climate warming will alter these export pathways remains unclear. Here we show that dynamic sea level north of Greenland initially rises as the Beaufort Gyre freshens, but falls again as saltier Eurasian waters intrude once global warming exceeds approximately 3 K above preindustrial levels. This nonmonotonic sea-level evolution reorients surface geostrophic circulation north of Greenland and reorganizes Arctic liquid freshwater export pathways. As a result, the share of Arctic Ocean volume export through Fram Strait increases by about 40% before declining again. Satellite observations already indicate rising sea levels in the Last Ice Area, suggesting that this transition may be underway and that Fram Strait is emerging as a major Arctic export gateway for liquid freshwater and associated chemical tracers. Such changes could have important implications for North Atlantic salinity, biogeochemistry, and climate.
Engineering a Thiamine-Dependent Benzoylformate Decarboxylase for Stereodivergent Radical C(sp <sup>3</sup> )–C(sp <sup>3</sup> ) Bond Formation
Nutritional, physicochemical, and antioxidant properties of kernel oil and cake from Lannea microcarpa landraces
Genetic ancestry and monogenic disease risk in the Scottish Traveller founder population
Abstract The Scottish Travellers are a traditionally nomadic community in Scotland that has historically been marginalised, and remained socially isolated from the settled Scottish population until recently. Little, however, is known about their genetic origins, population structure and risks of Mendelian disease. After an approach from the community to address this gap and increase representation, we analyzed array genotypes and whole-exome sequencing data from up to 125 Gypsy/Traveller individuals, alongside settled British and Irish references. We demonstrate that Scottish Travellers are genetically distinct from Irish Travellers, English Gypsies and European Roma, as well as the settled British and Irish populations. However, they do share autosomal and mitochondrial genetic ancestry with settled Scots. Two genetic subgroups are detectable: one which is more drifted and one more admixed. High levels of autozygosity are apparent, consistent with consanguinity. We detect signals of bottlenecks in autosomal and mitochondrial data. Importantly, we identified an enrichment of rare, pathogenic variants, including at least five putative founder variants associated with recessive Mendelian disorders. These findings provide insights into the genetic history of the Scottish Traveller population and highlight the opportunity and need for community-driven clinical genetics screening initiatives to decrease the scope for further health disparities.
Unlocking Electronic Spatiotemporal Confinement to Activate FeMn-Based Phosphates for High Energy Density and Ultra-Wide Temperature Na Storage
Comparative performance evaluation of photoluminescent concrete coatings containing strontium aluminate and calcium aluminate in epoxy and polyurethane resin matrices
Cellular hallmarks and aging clock of the human lung parenchyma
A General Strategy for the Degradation of Nitrile-Containing Plastics and Rubbers via Nickel-Catalyzed Decyanation and Sequential Ethenolysis
Physics-aware generative fusion via Complex-Flow Mamba enables robust 4D radar-vision perception
Development of an RNA aptamer as a therapeutic agent for synucleinopathies
Systematic Catalyst Variation for Improved Stereoselective Epoxide Polymerization: Subtle Modifications Resulting in Superior Efficiency
Enhancement of neem growth and wood quality via humic acid and seaweed extract application under treated wastewater irrigation in arid environments
Abstract Wastewater-irrigated forestry is an important strategy for sustainable water resource management, biomass production, and ecosystem restoration in arid and semi-arid regions. A field experiment was conducted from September 2023 to June 2025 in Balana, Nasr El-Nuba District, Aswan Governorate, Egypt, to investigate the effectiveness of humic acid (HA) and seaweed extract (SWE) as biostimulants on the growth performance, physiological responses, heavy metal accumulation, and wood properties of Azadirachta indica irrigated with treated wastewater. The study followed a completely randomized block design with five treatments: control, HA at 1 and 2 mL L −1 , and SWE at 1 and 2 g L −1 . Measurements were recorded at 9 and 21 months after planting. Biostimulant application significantly enhanced vegetative growth, chlorophyll content, and wood quality compared with untreated plants. Seaweed extract at 2 g L −1 produced the greatest improvements in stem length by 7.7 and 11.3%, stem diameter by 35.4 and 10.7%, and chlorophyll content by 13.6 and 14.75 compared to control at 9 and 21 months, respectively. Also, it increased wood density by 10%, and reduced moisture by 9%. Whereas humic acid at 2 mL L −1 resulted in higher cellulose, hemicellulose, and holocellulose contents by 4, 6.4 and 10.2%, while reducing lignin and ash by 12.1 and 9.5% compared to control. Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, and Zn) accumulated in all plant organs, with accumulation patterns varying according to the element and biostimulant treatment. Most metals were preferentially retained in the roots, whereas Fe accumulated predominantly in the leaves, indicating different uptake and sequestration strategies. Despite continuous irrigation with treated wastewater, soil heavy metal concentrations declined over the experimental period, demonstrating the capacity of neem trees to remediate metals from contaminated soils. These findings demonstrate that integrating treated wastewater irrigation with biostimulant application can simultaneously improve tree productivity, wood quality, and environmental remediation. Seaweed extract at 2 g L −1 is recommended for maximizing tree growth and wood physical properties, while humic acid at 2 mL L −1 is preferable for improving wood chemical quality, highlighting the potential of this integrated approach for sustainable woody plantations in water-limited regions.
The economically optimal mix and timing of coastal adaptation in Europe to 2150
Abstract Coastal adaptation to sea level rise involves combining and sequencing adaptation options into adaptation pathways that include adaptation tipping points, which are moments requiring a switch between options, often due to economic limits. While local case studies show costs depend on the economically optimal timing of actions and adaptation tipping points, this remains unexplored on global and continental scales. We present economically optimal adaptation pathways for Europe’s coastal floodplains through 2150. For 95% of the coastline requiring adaptation, the optimal timing for initial actions is immediate due to current economic under-adaptation, a condition in which the costs of additional adaptation are outweighed by the reduction in expected flood damages. By 2150, retreat is economically optimal for 22% of the coastline, incurring lower total costs than protection, which is optimal for 9%. Adaptation tipping points are primarily driven by sea level rise and necessitate a switch from accommodation to either protection or retreat, or from retreat to inland protection combined with retreat in the foreland. Their timing depends on climate change, occurring 32 years earlier under higher climate change scenarios compared to lower ones.