Browse Articles

Erratum: Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Clinical Trials: A Perspective From Lung-MAP Investigators

Thermal expansion coefficients and unit cell parameters for r-GeO2 heteroepitaxy on r-TiO2/Ti1− <i>x</i> Ge <i>x</i> O2

The disclosure of the full potential of rutile germanium dioxide (r-GeO2) as a new generation material for power electronics requires the development of its heteroepitaxy. In this context, the isostructural r-TiO2 is one of the most investigated substrates, often requiring buffer layers to accommodate lattice mismatch. In this work, we investigate, via in situ variable temperature powder x-ray diffraction, the thermal expansion behavior of r-TiO2, r-GeO2, and the limit solid solution r-Ti0.88Ge0.12O2. The collected data allowed an extraction, under identical experimental conditions, of lattice parameters and thermal expansion coefficients. Based on these results, in-plane lattice mismatch was evaluated as a function of temperature, considering all the commercially available r-TiO2 single crystal cuts [i.e., (001), (110), (111), (100), and (101)] and extrapolating data up to reasonable r-GeO2 deposition temperatures. The r-Ti1−xGexO2 solid solution is shown to effectively reduce both the mismatch and its thermal evolution, highlighting its potential as an effective strain-engineering buffer layer. These findings depict a comprehensive framework for the optimization of r-GeO2 heteroepitaxy.

Phase I/II Study of Sonrotoclax (BGB-11417) Monotherapy in Patients With Mantle Cell Lymphoma Previously Treated With Anti-CD20 Therapy and a Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor

PURPOSE Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare and typically aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by recurrent relapse after short remissions. Sonrotoclax (BGB-11417) is a next-generation B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor with greater selectivity and potency than venetoclax, a shorter half-life, and no drug accumulation. Sonrotoclax monotherapy was evaluated in Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor–pretreated patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) MCL. METHODS BGB-11417-201 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05471843 ) is an ongoing global, open-label, phase I/II trial. Sonrotoclax was orally administered once daily with gradual, 4-week ramp-up to 160 mg or 320 mg to mitigate tumor lysis syndrome (TLS). The primary end point was overall response rate by the independent review committee (ORR-IRC) per Lugano classification; secondary end points included duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. RESULTS Overall, 125 patients were enrolled and assigned to receive sonrotoclax 160 mg (n = 10) or 320 mg (n = 115) target doses once daily. Most patients had advanced disease (stage IV, 78.3%) and were heavily pretreated (median prior therapies, 3). In efficacy-evaluable patients (n = 103), the ORR-IRC was 52.4% (95% CI, 42.4 to 62.4), a statistically significant increase versus the historic control ORR (30%; P &lt; .0001); the complete response rate was 15.5%. Responses were seen across high-risk subgroups, including patients with TP53 mutation (59.1%). With a median study follow-up of 14.2 months, the median DOR-IRC was 15.8 months, and the median PFS-IRC was 6.5 months. Median OS was not reached. The most common all-grade/grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events were neutropenia (35.7%/19.1%), thrombocytopenia (24.3%/9.6%), and anemia (24.3%/7.8%). TLS occurred in 7.0% of patients; all cases resolved without sequelae. CONCLUSION Sonrotoclax demonstrated rapid, durable responses and manageable safety in heavily pretreated patients with R/R MCL, including high-risk subgroups, supporting its further clinical evaluation as an oral therapy for R/R MCL.

Two-and-a-half decades of progress in mid-infrared AlGaN/GaN inter-subband light emitters

In this paper, the physics of AlGaN/GaN inter-subband (ISB) light emitters is presented. The important milestones of this research, including the relatively slow and winding early stages of device design, fabrication and characterization, will be highlighted. Special attention will be paid to the years around the turn of the millennium, during which we had already obtained most of the presented results. After several unsuccessful attempts to “push” these measurement results through a scientific journal review in 1999 already, they could be successfully published in “Applied Physics Letters” in 2014. In retrospect, five problematic areas are identified: First, a complete ignorance of the piezo- and pyro-electric polarization fields, although they were known since 1997 already. Second, a too low n-type doping, having resulted in an inefficient current transport and overly noisy signals at the interesting wavelength. Third, a coincidental match between GaN-based ISB transition and LO-phonon showing a narrow emission peak, which was consistently described many years later only. Fourth, the above-mentioned emission, which had revealed a pronounced spectral asymmetry. And fifth, the discovery of several experimental facts, which potentially allow a more careful analysis of this asymmetric emission. These five initially neglected issues, which were between 2014 and 2026, successively understood, will in this paper be concisely presented and carefully analyzed.

Cumulative Genitourinary Toxicity After Prostate Radiotherapy: High-Level Long-Term Randomized Evidence

Intriguing optoelectronic properties of 2D Ca2ZrSe4 chalcogenide perovskite from first principles

Chalcogenide perovskites (CPs) have been attracting great attention as a promising light absorber for the next-generation perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but a deep insight into their material properties is not yet provided. In this work, we report a first-principles study of optoelectronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) CP Ca2ZrSe4 using the GW method combined with the Bethe–Salpeter equation and the Boltzmann transport equation methods. Our calculations demonstrate that one-layer (1L) Ca2ZrSe4 has a direct bandgap of 1.96 eV, light carrier effective masses, and large light absorption coefficients over 105 cm−1 for the visible light region. Furthermore, we find a relatively high electron/hole mobility of 432/64 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a high spectroscopically limited maximum efficiency of 34.4% at room temperature, highlighting the potential of 1L Ca2ZrSe4 as a promising light absorber for PSCs.

Long-Term Analysis of NRG Oncology RTOG 0539: A Phase II Trial of Observation for Low-Risk Meningioma and Radiotherapy for Intermediate- and High-Risk Meningioma

NRG Oncology RTOG 0539 was a prospective phase II trial of risk-adapted radiotherapy for patients with WHO grade 1-3 meningioma. Low-risk (group 1, n = 60) was defined as a grade 1 tumor after gross total resection or subtotal resection (GTR/STR) and prospectively monitored. Intermediate-risk (group 2, n = 52) was defined as recurrent grade 1 or newly diagnosed grade 2 tumor after GTR and treated with radiotherapy (54 Gy). High-risk (group 3, n = 53) included a newly diagnosed grade 2 tumor after STR, newly diagnosed grade 3 tumor, or recurrent grade 2 or 3 tumor and treated with radiotherapy (60 Gy). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The median follow-up times for the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk cohorts were 12.1, 12.0, and 11.1 years, respectively. The 10-year PFS and OS rates for the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk cohorts were 85.2% and 94.1%, 72.2% and 84.7%, and 42.5% and 51.1%, respectively. Five patients (9.6%) and eight patients (15.1%) had a grade 3+ toxicity attributed to radiotherapy in the intermediate- and high-risk cohorts, respectively. The long-term outcomes using this risk-adapted approach support observation for low-risk patients, inform radiotherapy patient selection and practice standards for intermediate- and high-risk patients, and provide comparative benchmarks for future trials.

Enhancement of multiferroic response in La-doped PbTiO3–TbFeO3 perovskite

A novel solid solution of La-doped 0.80PbTiO3-0.20Tb(1−x)LaxFeO3, in the range 0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.15, was studied for ferroelectric, electromechanical, and magnetic properties. Notably, at x = 0.08, the material exhibits enhanced characteristics, including a maximum remanent polarization of 37 μC/cm2. Structural analysis indicates that x = 0.08 corresponds to a phase boundary region separating the coexistence of tetragonal (P4mm) + cubic (Pm-3m) phases and a single tetragonal phase (P4mm), highlighting the critical role of phase boundary region in enhancing properties.

Reply to: “Understanding the Contribution of Anti-EGFR Reinduction to Overall Survival in the TRIPLETE Study” and “TRIPLETE But Incomplete? Accounting for Postprogression Therapy When Interpreting Overall Survival”

Enhanced Curie temperature and large spin Hall conductivity due to the magnetic proximity effect in CrI3/Pt heterostructures

Metal/van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures enable versatile interfacial spin control for spintronic applications. Using density-functional theory, we investigate the interfacial magnetic proximity effect and spin-transport response in CrI3/Pt bilayer heterostructures. The proximity effect not only raises the Curie temperature of CrI3 from 45 to 70 K but also induces interfacial spin polarization in the Pt surface layers. This behavior is consistent with orbital-selective hybridization involving Pt dxz/yz and dz2 states, which generates pronounced spin polarization near the Fermi level. Within the same computational setup, the Pt layer in the CrI3/Pt heterostructure exhibits a spin Hall conductivity (σSH) of 2890 S cm−1, corresponding to an enhancement of about 45% relative to an isolated Pt slab with the same thickness and in-plane lattice constant. This high efficiency persists in CrI3/Pt/Co trilayers, suggesting potential device relevance. Our results suggest that interfacial orbital reconstruction plays an important role in interfacial magnetism and spin transport in vdW magnets, and that CrI3/Pt provides a viable platform for efficient spin–orbit torque generation in two-dimensional spintronic devices.

Pemigatinib for Unresectable or Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma With Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor–2 Rearrangement: Results From the Phase III FIGHT-302 Trial

PURPOSE Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare cancer associated with poor prognosis. Pemigatinib was the first FGFR1-3 inhibitor approved for second-line therapy and beyond, on the basis of the phase II FIGHT-202 trial. Here, we assess efficacy and safety of first-line pemigatinib. METHODS FIGHT-302 is a phase III, randomized, global trial evaluating pemigatinib as first-line therapy (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03656536 ). Adults with advanced cholangiocarcinoma with FGFR2 rearrangement were randomized 1:1 to receive pemigatinib (13.5 mg once daily) or chemotherapy (1,000 mg/m 2 gemcitabine plus 25 mg/m 2 cisplatin once per day on days 1 and 8 of every 3-week cycle for ≤8 cycles) and were stratified by prior receipt of chemotherapy, geographic region, and tumor burden. Pemigatinib crossover was allowed for patients progressing on chemotherapy. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary efficacy, safety, and exploratory end points were also analyzed. RESULTS Overall, 4,563 patients were prescreened, 196 were screened, and 167 randomly assigned to receive pemigatinib (n = 83) or chemotherapy (n = 84) before early closure of the study because of a change in standard of care. The median PFS was 8.3 months in the pemigatinib group versus 6.8 months in the chemotherapy group (hazard ratio, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.39 to 0.87]; nominal P = .0078); objective response rate was 47% versus 15%, and the median duration of response was 14.2 versus 6.3 months. Median overall survival was similar (24.4 v 25.0 months, respectively). In the crossover group (n = 42, second-line pemigatinib), the median PFS was 8.1 months. Safety was consistent with the known profile of pemigatinib. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this was the largest, first-line, randomized, phase III trial of a targeted therapy for advanced FGFR2- rearranged cholangiocarcinoma. Pemigatinib demonstrated prolonged median PFS compared with chemotherapy, with no new safety findings.

<i>In situ</i> estimation of local acoustic pressure amplitude by force balancing with a ferrofluid droplet probe

Acoustic tweezers enable non-contact manipulation of microscale objects, but quantitative in situ evaluation of the peak local pressure amplitude remains difficult in confined devices. Conventional hydrophone-based measurements are often limited at the microscale by probe size and installation constraints. Here, we present a force-balance method in which a trapped ferrofluid droplet serves as a local probe in a standing-wave acoustic field, and an externally applied magnetic field gradient is tuned so that the magnetic force balances the maximum primary acoustic radiation force on the droplet. From the magnetic force on the ferrofluid droplet, determined at the balance point, we estimate a peak local pressure amplitude of 2.2×105 Pa for 7.2 MHz operation at 10 Vpp. This approach provides a practical route for quantitative in situ characterization of microscale acoustic fields and for setting operating conditions in compact acoustofluidic devices.

No Smoker Left Behind: Evaluation of a Population-Based, Opt-Out Smoking Cessation Program for Patients With Cancer Who Smoke

PURPOSE We evaluated the reach, treatment selection, and effectiveness of a population-based, opt-out smoking cessation outreach program, No Smoker Left Behind, implemented in a socioeconomically and racially diverse cancer patient population. METHODS Patients seeking oncology care at the University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center between 2019 and 2024 were screened for smoking status as documented in the electronic health record. Adults age 18 years and older categorized as currently smoking (past month) were systematically contacted via interactive voice response phone calls, texts, and emails for up to 6 months. They were offered several cessation treatment options, including medication and counseling referrals (ie, group program, quitline, and text message program). Program involvement and cessation outcomes were compared by cancer type (ie, smoking- or non–smoking-related) and race. A cost-outcome analysis was also conducted. RESULTS Of 37,478 patients with cancer, 3,706 (9.9%) were deemed eligible and contacted, of whom 57.0% were male, 46.6% Black, and 63.8% publicly insured. Of those selecting cessation treatments (n = 1,089), most self-selected both medication and counseling (70.6%), with 873 receiving referrals or connection to cessation support. Among patients who completed day 180 follow-up (37.5% of those receiving referrals), 16.2% (53/327) self-reported ≥8-day abstinence. Patients with smoking-related cancers had higher abstinence rates than patients with non–smoking-related cancers (23.7% v 14.7%). Black patients had higher program involvement and treatment referral rates, but significantly lower smoking abstinence compared with White patients (14.4% v 25.7%). Costs-per-patient referred to treatment were $415 US dollars (USD) and costs-per-quit were $6,067 USD. CONCLUSION Population-based, proactive opt-out outreach programs provide a feasible approach for offering multiple cessation treatment options that allow for patient preference and customization to optimize treatment accessibility. As health care systems expand access to tobacco cessation as part of cancer care, implementing resource-efficient models will become increasingly important.

Wide-field magnetic imaging of shielding-current-driven vortex rearrangement under local heating using diamond quantum sensors

Understanding and controlling vortex motion in superconductors are important both for suppressing dissipation in superconducting devices and for device applications that exploit vortices. In this work, we quantitatively imaged the stray magnetic field distribution of vortices in an NbN thin film by wide-field magnetic imaging using a perfectly aligned diamond nitrogen-vacancy ensemble. By continuously measuring while stepwise varying the applied magnetic field under local laser heating, we captured a rearrangement of the vortex configuration in real space and in real time over more than 100 min. The observed vortex rearrangement is consistent with a reduction of the pinning force due to local laser heating and with the Lorentz force exerted by shielding currents induced by the field variation. These results provide insight into vortex dynamics and suggest potential applications, including vortex exclusion from sensitive regions of superconducting devices.

Intracranial Injection of Investigational Ex Vivo Expanded and Activated Gamma-Delta T Cells Engineered With a Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase–Expressing Lentivector in Patients With Primary Glioblastoma

PURPOSE We developed a novel approach to treat newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) using genetically modified gamma-delta (γδ) T cells following the forced upregulation of stress-associated targets on tumor cells. We leveraged the temozolomide (TMZ)-induced activation of the DNA damage response pathway to transiently upregulate the natural killer ligand (NKG2D-L) targets on GBM. Manufactured γδ T cells are engineered to be resistant to alkylating chemotherapies, including TMZ, through insertion of a methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)–expressing lentivector (DeltEx drug-resistant immunotherapy—DRI). METHODS A total of 23 patients were enrolled, and 13 were treated (62% male; median age 66 years [range, 21-75]; 92% isocitrate dehydrogenase wild type (IDH-WT), 54% MGMT unmethylated, 46% subtotal resection). Cohorts 1, 2, and 3 received 1, 3, or up to 6 doses, respectively (1 × 10 7 DRI cells/dose), using a Rickham catheter, which was placed into the resection cavity. The DRI cells were dosed in combination with 150 mg/m 2 intravenous (IV) TMZ once per day on Day (D) 1 of each maintenance cycle, which was followed by 4 days of oral TMZ. RESULTS No dose-limiting toxicities were seen nor were any occurrences of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or neurotoxicity (immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome) observed. The median follow-up of patients who received DRI γδ T cells was 15.6 months. For Cohort 1 patients who received a single dose of DRI γδ T cells, the median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 8.0 months; the median PFS was 9.9 months for all patients and 16.1 months for patients who received repeated doses in Cohorts 2 and 3. The median overall survival for all patients was 15.6 months. CONCLUSION To date, all patients had manageable toxicity with outpatient treatment and a continued encouraging trend in outcomes from repeated investigational treatments with intracranially delivered, longitudinal DRI γδ T cells.

Enhanced energy storage performance in PbZrO3 antiferroelectric films through synergistic doping and strain strategies

Antiferroelectric thin films, particularly PbZrO3-based systems, are attractive for advanced energy storage due to their field-induced phase transitions and high dielectric responses. However, achieving high energy storage density remains challenging in such film system, because the competition between ferroelectric and antiferroelectric phases in antiferroelectric thin films is very sensitive. In this study, we tackle the common challenges of insufficient polarization in PbZrO3 epitaxial films by introducing Y at the A-site and employing compressive strain simultaneously. Consequently, the Y-doped PbZrO3 epitaxial film exhibits a significantly enhanced maximum polarization (Pm) of 128.89 μC/cm2 and an impressive energy storage density (Ue) of 44.73 J/cm3. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of synergistic doping and strain strategies for designing high-performance antiferroelectric energy storage materials.

Understanding the Contribution of Anti-EGFR Reinduction to Overall Survival in the TRIPLETE Study

Dual-path gain in Si-based ZnGa2O4 MOSFET solar-blind ultraviolet phototransistors

Solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) photodetection on silicon platforms is an important step toward practical optoelectronic integration. Here, we demonstrate a bottom-gate ZnGa2O4 metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) solar-blind UV photodetector on a Si substrate with a Si3N4 gate dielectric. The device exhibits n-channel enhancement-mode operation with an on/off current ratio of ∼108 and a picoampere-level off-state current. Under solar-blind UV illumination, the phototransistor achieves a peak responsivity of 1.09 × 103 A/W, a detectivity of 1.74 × 1013 Jones, a UV-to-visible rejection ratio of 2.6 × 105, and rise/decay times of 22.7/19.2 ms. The photo-induced shift in the capacitance–voltage characteristics suggests the participation of charge trapping at the Si3N4/ZnGa2O4 interface, while cathodoluminescence and electrical analyses identify compensating zinc vacancy (VZn) acceptor defects coexisting with Ga-on-Zn (GaZn) antisite donors within the ZnGa2O4 channel. These trap states sustain two parallel gain pathways within the MOSFET architecture: vertical threshold-voltage modulation amplified through the subthreshold characteristic, and lateral photoconductive gain arising from carrier lifetime extension via hole capture by VZn acceptor defects. By distributing the total gain across two amplification channels rather than relying on prolonged carrier lifetime alone, this architecture offers a route to balanced high-gain and fast-response solar-blind UV detection on Si platforms compatible with CMOS technology.

Metabolic Modulation in Cancer Care: The Potential Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have revolutionized the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity by providing sustained improvements in glycemic control, weight loss, and cardiovascular outcomes. These benefits have led to increasing interest in their potential role in cancer treatment. Obesity and metabolic dysfunction are well-known factors that promote the development, progression, and resistance to therapy in various cancers, suggesting that drugs targeting these pathways may have anticancer effects. Emerging epidemiologic and clinical evidence shows that GLP-1RA therapy is linked to a lower risk of several obesity-related cancers, including GI, breast, endometrial, ovarian, prostate, and hematologic malignancies. Mechanistic studies also reveal effects on insulin signaling, long-term inflammation, angiogenesis, and immune system modulation. This comprehensive review integrates current knowledge of GLP-1RAs in cancer care, covering drug action, epidemiology, underlying mechanisms, and clinical application. We evaluate evidence for cancer prevention, their use as complementary treatments, and outcomes in patients with existing cancer. Overall, the evidence suggests that GLP-1RAs could become a novel class of agents linking metabolic health and cancer therapy, with potential applications in neoadjuvant treatment strategies, particularly in settings where prolonged neoadjuvant intervals allow for metabolic optimization before definitive surgical intervention.

Cluster-assembled CdO polymorph: A semiconductor with high carrier mobility and superior optical performance

Using the magic cluster Cd8O8 and a C linker, we constructed a new CdO polymorph, Tet-CdO, via bottom-up assembly. Tet-CdO exhibits good mechanical, thermal, and dynamical stability, with a B1-to-Tet transition at ∼322 K or −5.3 GPa, offering a viable synthetic route. With an optimal direct bandgap of 1.58 eV (HSE06), high absorption, low reflection, and high carrier mobility (up to 13.2 × 103 cm2 V−1 s−1), Tet-CdO achieves a theoretical photoconversion efficiency of 30.8%. A pronounced electron–hole mobility imbalance causes space charge accumulation and fill factor reduction; this can be mitigated by limiting the active layer thickness to 134–949 nm. Additionally, Tet-CdO exhibits inherently weak thermal dissipation, so device thinning, high-thermal-conductivity substrates, or active cooling are needed to suppress heat buildup. These findings establish Tet-CdO as a promising next-generation photovoltaic material.