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An efficient and consistent framework for multi-rank taxonomic identification in wildlife images
Weight optimization of MIMO-UWB distributed beamforming for implant communications
The optimization study of the operational ventilation system for long tunnels on secondary highways
Abstract Long tunnels and extremely long tunnels on highways are becoming increasingly common. As tunnel lengths continue to increase, pollutants in the air can easily accumulate inside the tunnels, leading to air quality that fails to meet driving requirements, which poses health risks to drivers and passengers. This paper uses the Donggang Mountain secondary highway long tunnel as the engineering background and establishes a 1:1 full-scale model using the numerical simulation software Fluent. It studies the extreme traffic congestion conditions in long highway tunnels, exploring the distribution patterns of pollutant gas concentrations within the tunnel and the role of the longitudinal ventilation system under different operating conditions in reducing tunnel pollutant gas concentrations and improving air quality. Furthermore, the study investigates the ventilation efficiency of a combined ventilation method using ventilation shafts and jet fans. Compared to the full jet longitudinal ventilation method, the carbonic oxide (CO) concentration growth rate after the ventilation shafts decreased by 50%.
Study on vibration characteristics of roadheader cutting pre-cracked hard rock
Abstract To address severe equipment vibration and large load fluctuations during hard-rock excavation, this study proposes mechanical pre-cracking as a preparatory treatment. A hard-rock model containing pre-cracked holes is developed using the discrete element method; the crack initiation and propagation induced by a hydraulic cracker are simulated. The rock models before and after pre-cracking and a rigid–flexible coupling model of the roadheader are then analysed jointly via DEM–MFBD two-way coupling, and the cutting loads and vibration responses are systematically examined. Results indicate that the three-way average load on the cutting head is reduced by 8.2% and the load fluctuation coefficient decreases from 0.0242 to 0.0213 following rock pre-cracking, effectively mitigating impact loads. Frequency-domain analysis shows that, within the principal vibration band of 20–30 Hz, the vibration-acceleration amplitudes of the cutting head, cutting arm and slewing table are reduced by 14.7%, 8.7% and 3.6%, respectively, demonstrating a “near-loaded component” vibration response. This reveals an attenuation law along the transmission path: components closer to the load exhibit superior vibration damping compared with remote elements. The study confirms that mechanical pre-cracking achieves effective vibration attenuation at the source by reducing the overall stiffness of the rock mass and altering the rock-breaking pattern, thereby providing a theoretical basis and engineering reference for improving the efficiency and reliability of hard-rock tunnelling equipment.
Effect of HIFU frequency on gold removal efficiency from e-waste
Evidence for fluorescence-supported species recognition in syntopic harvestmen
Abstract Biofluorescence is reported as a widespread phenomenon in a variety of animal species, but in most cases its biological relevance is poorly understood. Possible functions of biofluorescence as visual signals for species recognition are disputed or have not been convincingly demonstrated. Here, we report on the discovery of a strongly fluorescent structure in largely crepuscular and nocturnal harvestmen. Five syntopic species of harvestmen from the family Cosmetidae were observed and collected in a lowland rainforest of Peruvian Amazonia. Their most prominent species-specific character is a whitish structure on the dorsal scutum, called equuleus. Its shape is extremely constant intraspecifically, but strongly differs among these closely related species. The equuleus shows strong fluorescence in the blue frequency spectrum, which is enhanced by a subjacent layer of guanine crystals, acting as a reflector for the incoming light, as well as for the emitted fluorescence. We hypothesize that the equuleus most likely provides a visual signal for intra- and inter-specific species recognition in dim visible light, which is amplified by UV-induced fluorescence, excited by moonlight.
Organoplatinum(II) Type II Immunogenic Cell Death Inducers Target Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B to Drive Immunogenicity
Correction: Optimization of range based self-localization problem in wireless sensor networks using improved cuckoo search algorithm
Dynamic signature of activity-stability tradeoff in lactamase evolution
Abstract Our ability to understand protein evolution hinges on understanding how evolutionary landscapes are shaped at the fundamental protein level. Using TEM-1 β-lactamase we show that molecular traits related to the statistical ensemble nature of protein structure contribute to broader substrate specificity, active site-scaffold communication, and the selection of stabilizing substitutions. During the evolution of cefotaxime resistance, the initial mutation reorganizes the active site, introducing a new function conformation. Secondary substitutions improve catalytic efficiency by redistributing the ensemble and restoring a significant population of the original conformation, rather than by stabilizing the new conformation. Stability defects associated with initial mutations are not evenly disseminated but are clustered at specific distal scaffold elements. The capacity of mutants to independently modulate the populations of individual active site walls and scaffold regions through narrow residue networks, produces conformational epistasis and a combinatorial set of cefotaximase states, which enables local compensation of scaffold defects.
The pcMPO-AF rule for predicting postoperative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting
Multiomics insights into eating time patterns and cardiovascular risk among Chinese children
Generalizability and transferability of machine learning models using hyperspectral reflectance data for maize traits
Abstract Hyperspectral reflectance provides rapid, non-destructive phenotyping of plant leaves. These data have been used to develop machine learning models for predicting diverse plant traits, yet key challenges remain. We collected hyperspectral reflectance data together with 25 anatomical, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence traits from 320 recombinant inbred lines grown over three seasons. Using these data, we systematically (1) compare the performance of PLSR and SVR across a wide range of traits, including also slow fluorescence kinetics, (2) assess model generalizability and transferability, and (3) investigate how different aggregation strategies affect predictive accuracy. Based on a nested cross-validation framework, single cross-validation with MSE as metric performed comparably to repeated cross-validation or PRESS-based calibration. Optimal performance of trait-specific predictions was found to be dependent on the combination of model and data aggregation levels. Structural and biochemical traits showed the best generalizability and transferability, whereas physiological traits, particularly those derived from gas exchange and fluorescence kinetics, exhibited markedly reduced transferability. Together, these results provide a rigorous benchmark for evaluating machine learning models for trait prediction from hyperspectral reflectance data, and highlight both the opportunities and limitations for achieving robust generalization across diverse environments and genotypes.
Ice sublimation transfer of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes for residue-free and structure-preserving integration
Network analysis of depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic
Structural basis for the dynamic conformations of AP-4 and its association with ARF1
Professional perspectives on recurrent characteristics of dogs with separation-related problems: a qualitative study in three nordic countries
Abstract Separation related problems (SRPs) are common in companion dogs and give rise to serious problems for both dog welfare and owner quality of life. However, they are not well understood, making them difficult to prevent and treat. A so far underutilised source of knowledge is experience from professional behaviour practice. In this qualitative study, we explored professionally situated knowledge to identify factors that may contribute to the development of SRPs in dogs. The study is based on 15 semi-structured interviews with a diverse group of dog professionals (veterinarians, animal behaviourists, dog trainers) involved in the treatment of SRPs in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. The transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Six central themes emerged from this analysis, which were labelled “co-occurring behavioural difficulties”, “a body in flux”, “dog training gone wrong”, “breed type”, “changes to routine and environment”, and “psychological interplay between dogs and their owners”. These themes reflect professional observations of recurring contexts in SRP cases, rather than empirically established risk factors. While some align with existing scientific findings (e.g. comorbidity with noise sensitivity), others highlight underexplored areas, such as effects of adolescence and owner stress. The findings serve to underpin a broad, context-aware view of SRPs.