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A self attention based deep learning framework for accurate and efficient dental disease detection in OPG radiographs
Predicting dialyzer fiber blocking is hard due to high intrapatient variability and limited utility of thrombin generation markers
Structural and computational supported development of 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole analogues as active LOX, urease, and α-glucosidase inhibitors
Abstract A series of N -substituted analogues of 1,3,4-oxadiazole were synthesized and screened for their enzyme inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase, α-glucosidase, and urease enzymes. Spectroscopy studies including IR, 13 C-NMR, and 1 H-NMR techniques were used to confirm structures of the novel compounds obtained. Compounds 7a , 7f , 7i , 7l , and 7n were found to be the best inhibitor candidates with the highest % of inhibition (89.42 ± 1.33, 78.79 ± 1.29, 84.87 ± 1.53, 75.67 ± 1.62, and 89.54 ± 1.48, respectively) and the least IC 50 values (7.15 ± 1.34, 14.26 ± 1.07, 9.12 ± 1.17, 14.31 ± 1.19, and 7.03 ± 1.08 µM, respectively) against α-glucosidase compared to acarbose used as a standard. Compounds 7b , 7h , and 7n were found to be the most potent with % of inhibition 92.2 ± 0.5, 94.5 ± 0.6, and 92.8 ± 0.8, respectively, and with the IC 50 values 4 ± 1.05, 1.0 ± 0.3, and 1.5 ± 0.5 µM, respectively, against the lipoxygenase. With the IC 50 value of 21.85 ± 1.43 µM and the percentage inhibition of 98.45 ± 1.69%, compound 7l was found to be more active in comparison with the standard drug thiourea. Docking analysis further supported these biological outcomes by demonstrating strong, well-oriented binding poses and favorable interaction profiles for the most active inhibitors.
Indispensable Role of Indazole −NH in Cyclometalated Ir(III) Complexes to Drive ES-PCET with High Phototherapeutic Index
Molecular crowding effects on protein stability in a bacterial proteome
Abstract Molecular crowding refers to the restriction of space available for molecular mobility in solution due to the presence of other macromolecules. Crowding can influence biological phenomena such as protein stability and folding, diffusion, enzyme kinetics, molecular interactions, and phase separation. However, the relative contributions of entropic (excluded volume) and enthalpic (direct chemical interactions) is still an open question. In contrast to biochemical studies that employ dilute solutions containing a small number of reactants, the cellular environment is considered to be highly crowded, with up to 40% of cell volume occupied by many thousands of proteins and other large biomolecules. We examined the protein stability effects of widely used molecular crowders in a bacterial proteome ( Cupriavidus necator ) using the Thermal Proteome Profiling (TPP) method, whereby melting temperature is estimated based on protein denaturation and aggregation over a heat gradient. While all six tested compounds (Ficoll 70, Ficoll 400, dextran 40, dextran 86, PEG 1, PEG 8) reduced the global mean melting temperature, significantly increased or decreased stability was observed among distinct subsets of the proteome, with some individual proteins showing sensitivity to multiple crowding agents. Proteins displaying enhanced stability in the presence of crowding agents were more likely to be annotated as hydrophobic, to show classic enzyme-like properties, or propensity for protein interactions. Our data favour a direct binding/preferential exclusion model of enhanced stability, rather than alternative models based on viscosity or crowding.
Integration of AR and deep learning–based image classification using CNN for construction project monitoring
Exploring the actual stacking height of metal powder bed in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
The relationship between natural hydrogen flow rates and production viability
Abstract Despite the widespread occurrence of mostly low concentrations of molecular hydrogen (H₂) in nature, the quantity of commercially recoverable natural hydrogen underground remains uncertain. Two production variants are conceptually considered: a self-replenishing system, in which underground generation balances off-take; and accumulation systems, in which H₂ is trapped underground over long periods and is extracted similarly to conventional natural gas deposits. To assess the potential of natural hydrogen, we compiled and harmonised global data on H₂ flow rates, flux rates, and concentrations from various sources like seeps, springs, mines, and wells. Across different geological settings, observed large natural H₂ flow rates typically fall between 10⁵ and 10⁷ cubic meters per year (m³/yr). When comparing these values to the output of producing natural gas wells and economic viability thresholds for modelled H₂ projects, we find that commercially viable rates must be at least an order of magnitude higher (≥ 10⁷–10⁸ m³/yr). Furthermore, sustained production at high hydrogen purity over two to three decades is generally required for commercial success. Based on this analysis, we argue that economically recoverable natural hydrogen from self-replenishing systems is unlikely.
Prophage-encoded RexAB-type phage defense system in Pseudomonas putida
Abstract Temperate bacteriophages in their prophage form are abundant residents in bacterial genomes. As the fitness of a prophage depends on the welfare of its host, prophages often encode genes that enhance their host’s fitness, thereby also contributing to their own survival. One such strategy for mutual survival is to protect the host from superinfection by other phages. We recently showed that four cryptic prophages contribute to the phage resistance of Pseudomonas putida , a metabolically versatile and industrially promising model bacterium. Here, we show that prophages 1, 2, and 3 exhibit anti-phage activity against specific phages in our CEPEST collection. Focusing on P1-mediated phage defense, we uncover that P1 genes PP_5643 and PP_5644 encode a two-component RexAB-type phage immunity system. The RexA pp is a DNA-binding protein that shares structural similarity with phage lambda RexA. RexB pp is a membrane protein that acts as a cell growth-suppressing effector when stimulated by RexA pp overexpression, and probably by phage infection. The activation of RexB pp results in membrane damage, as evidenced by increased membrane permeability to SYTOX Green and propidium iodide, as well as leakage of cytoplasmic enzymes. Our data suggest that RexB pp causes growth cessation of infected bacteria and thus aborts the infection.
Association of a five-metabolite and early-symptom profile with Parkinson’s disease and its clinical progression
Protein content of extracellular vesicles from patients with advanced melanoma changes upon progression to anti-PD1 therapy
Deploying the high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS) approach for the identification of new lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitors with anticancer assets
Correction: Somatic mutations in the TG and RELA genes specific for radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer
Three–dimensional deformation of strata that are rich with water during construction of a plane skew connecting channel using artificial ground freezing technique
Overcoming Candida albicans biofilm drug resistance via azole-sophorolipid synergy
Presence, levels, and distribution of organic and elemental pollutants in Zooplankton from the Northwestern Mediterranean sea
Factors associated with morbidities among persons with disabilities in Malaysia
Abstract Persons with disabilities (PWDs) face disproportionate health risks, particularly from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes and hypertension, which remain leading causes of mortality globally. In lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) like Malaysia, disability and NCDs perpetuate a cycle of vulnerability, yet evidence on morbidity patterns among PWDs remains limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with morbidity among PWDs in Malaysia. Data were drawn from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2023: Non-Communicable Diseases, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of adults aged ≥ 18 years, using a multi-stage stratified sampling design. Disability was assessed with the locally validated Washington Group Short Set, and morbidity was defined as the presence of either diabetes, hypertension or hypercholesterolemia. Multivariate binary logistic regression with complex sample analysis was performed using SPSS v25.0. The prevalence of disability among Malaysian adults was 8.2% (95% CI: 7.37–9.17). Among PWDs, 73.9% reported comorbidities, with hypertension (56.9%) being most prevalent. Compared with older PWDs, those aged 18–35 years (aOR = 0.123; 95% CI: 0.052–0.300) and 36–59 years (aOR = 0.443; 95% CI: 0.247–0.739) had significantly lower odds of morbidity. Education was protective, with secondary (aOR = 0.608; 95% CI: 0.350–1.057) and tertiary education (aOR = 0.270; 95% CI: 0.104–0.586) associated with reduced odds compared with no formal education. Ethnicity also emerged as a determinant, with those categorised as “Others” showing lower morbidity risk than Malays (aOR = 0.360; 95% CI: 0.111–1.166). While the prevalence of disability in Malaysia mirrors international estimates, the burden of morbidity among PWDs is alarmingly high. Targeted strategies, including enhanced screening, health literacy initiatives, and equitable access to care, are urgently needed, particularly for ethnic minorities and individuals with lower educational attainment, to reduce health disparities and improve outcomes for this vulnerable population.