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Software application in early blight detection in tomatoes using modified MobileNet architecture
MPPT algorithms for grid-connected solar systems including deep learning approaches
Hydrogen inhalation is associated with a transient rightward shift in prefrontal oxyhemoglobin asymmetry and autonomic modulation
Comparative cumulative index for assessment of regression of oral homogeneous leukoplakia
Abstract Effective treatment of oral homogeneous leukoplakia requires the use of an antioxidant with optimal properties to ensure a regression of the lesion with respect to size and colour, which is evaluated clinically and also with the help of salivary MDA levels. Despite the availability of various antioxidants, an improved standard evaluation system is needed for adjunct therapy of herbal antioxidants to widely systemically administered lycopene; a standardised evaluation system still needs to be improved. To develop a Comparative Cumulative Index (CCI) for assessment of regression of oral homogeneous leukoplakia that systematically evaluates and ranks adjunct herbal antioxidants to systemically administered lycopene based on their regression in size and colour of lesion and salivary MDA levels. CCI was developed through a structured process involving expert identification, panel discussions, and the establishment of scoring criteria. Two herbal antioxidants as an adjunct to systemically administered lycopene and lycopene alone (Groups A, B, C) were evaluated. Mean values for the core properties were calculated, and antioxidants were ranked accordingly. The total CCI for each antioxidant was computed based on the assigned scores for each property. Lesion size, lesion colour, and salivary MDA parameters all showed differences in CCI between the assessed treatment groups. Group C, with a 50% CCI. Group B’s performance, with a CCI of 41%, is highlighted by deficiencies in several properties, whereas Group A came in third with a CCI of 34%. CCI provides a comprehensive antioxidant evaluation approach to assist practitioners in making informed decisions. The significance of balancing regression in lesion size and colour as well as salivary MDA levels is highlighted by Group C’s high CCI. The results are in line with earlier studies that emphasized the significance of these traits in the treatment of oral homogeneous leukoplakia. The CCI makes it easier to compare adjunct antioxidant therapy based on empirical data and offers a reliable and equitable method of evaluating antioxidants. Future research should enhance the index and validate its use in a range of clinical contexts in order to improve treatment outcomes in oral homogeneous leukoplakia.
A time-coupled multi-objective distributionally robust chance-constrained framework for grid resilience enhancement using mobile emergency generators
Bayesian reinforcement learning for adaptive control of energy recuperation in hydraulic excavator arms
Abstract Hydraulic excavators are among the most energy-intensive machines in construction and mining, with conventional hydraulic systems often operating under fixed pressure and flow settings that lead to significant energy loss. Improving energy efficiency while ensuring safety and adaptability under uncertain operating conditions remains a critical challenge. This study proposes a novel adaptive control framework that integrates Bayesian inference with reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance energy recuperation in hydraulic excavator arms. The framework explicitly models system dynamics, including hydraulic cylinders, pumps, valves, and accumulators, while accounting for uncertainties from soil resistance, temperature-dependent viscosity, component wear, and sensor noise. A Bayesian particle filter is employed to continuously estimate latent states such as soil resistance multipliers and accumulator pre-charge offsets, enabling belief-space reinforcement learning to make informed control decisions. The learned control policy adjusts pump pressure and valve commands in real time, while a safety-projection layer enforces strict operational constraints (5–35 MPa hydraulic pressure, 12–28 MPa accumulator window, valve rate limits, and section-level relief protections).
Identification of candidate microRNA biomarkers of endometriosis in different bodily fluids
Abstract Endometriosis is a chronic estrogen-dependent disorder affecting up to 10% of women of reproductive age, and the absence of reliable noninvasive diagnostic tools contributes to delayed diagnosis and disease progression. To identify potential biomarkers, we profiled miRNA expression in serum, saliva, and vaginal mucus from 20 women (10 with endometriosis and 10 controls) using next-generation sequencing. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, and their predicted targets underwent Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. Serum proteomics by data-independent acquisition LC–MS/MS was integrated with miRNA data to construct potential miRNA–protein interaction networks. Distinct miRNA profiles were observed across the three bodily fluids, with serum showing the most abundant miRNAs and saliva the lowest. Thirteen, three, and six differentially expressed miRNAs were detected in serum, saliva, and vaginal mucus, respectively. Enrichment analysis implicated apoptosis, Wnt signaling, autophagy, and cellular senescence. Integrated analysis revealed 59 upregulated serum proteins targeted by dysregulated miRNAs, including WNK2, CD44, USP15, GNAI3, HUWE1, and NRAS. ROC analysis suggested that serum miR-200a-3p and miR-200b-3p, may have potential utility as noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of endometriosis, pending further validation.
Isolation and proteomic analysis of intracellular vesicles from the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans
Abstract The oomycete Phytophthora infestans is a filamentous plant pathogen and the causal agent of potato late blight resulting in annual crop losses of billions of dollars worldwide. Key to the success of this pathogen are the effector proteins it secretes during infection, whose functions include breaching the plant cell wall and suppression/evasion of plant immunity. Currently, little is known regarding the intracellular trafficking of effectors enroute to secretion. Here, we developed a robust density gradient ultracentrifugation method to isolate and separate diverse populations of intracellular vesicles from P. infestans based on buoyancy for the purpose of identifying vesicle-associated proteins by DIA-mass spectrometry. Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis of buoyant fractions revealed enrichment for proteins associated with membranes and vesicle trafficking. Buoyant fractions were also enriched in RXLR effectors, carbohydrate-active enzymes, and signal peptide containing secretory proteins, all representing potential vesicle cargo. Recently identified P. infestans extracellular vesicle markers were also present. Unravelling how effector proteins are trafficked for secretion is a critical step in developing robust strategies for combating potato late blight disease; the proteomics dataset and method presented here are valuable resources from which potential biomarkers for P. infestans vesicles can be identified for future studies towards this end.