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Editorial Note: Enhanced audience sentiment analysis in IoT-integrated metaverse media communication
Orchestrating Excited‐State Energy Flow in Benzobisthiazole Covalent Organic Frameworks for Solar Water Evaporation and H <sub>2</sub> O <sub>2</sub> Production
ABSTRACT The competing pathways of photothermal conversion and photocatalytic H 2 O 2 production present a long‐standing challenge in solar energy utilization, as efficient nonradiative dissipation inherently suppresses the long‐lived excited states required for catalysis. Herein, we demonstrate a precise molecular engineering strategy to orchestrate excited‐state energy flow in isoreticular benzobisthiazole‐linked covalent organic frameworks (BBT‐COFs) via post‐synthetic linker exchange. By rationally introducing steric hindrance (BBT‐TAPB), intramolecular motions and nonradiative decay are boosted for exceptional photothermal heating. In contrast, a strong donor–acceptor (D–A) architecture (BBT‐BTT) enhances intersystem crossing and triplet‐state population for singlet oxygen‐mediated H 2 O 2 photosynthesis. When integrated into a self‐rotating hydrogel evaporator, these COFs enable a dual‐functional solar‐driven platform for water evaporation and H 2 O 2 generation. Under 1‐sun irradiation, the BBT‐TAPB‐based hydrogel delivered an evaporation rate of 1.82 kg m −2 h −1 , whereas the BBT‐BTT‐based hydrogel achieved an H 2 O 2 production rate of 143 mM m −2 h −1 . This work highlights a cooperative regulation between molecular motion and D–A interactions in modulating excited‐state energy dissipation, providing a modular blueprint for tuning photothermal and photocatalytic solar energy conversion processes.
Sex Hormone Influences on Cardiovascular Risk
Design and implementation of a reconfigurable control architecture for flexible manufacturing teaching units based on EtherCAT
Development and internal validation of a prediction model incorporating SOFA, Prognostic Nutritional Index, and Neutrophil-to-Albumin Ratio for early prediction of in-hospital mortality in patients with Sepsis: A single-center retrospective study
Objective Sepsis prognosis is influenced by organ dysfunction, inflammation, and nutritional status. We aimed to develop and internally validate a prediction model incorporating the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and neutrophil-to-albumin ratio (NAR) for early risk stratification of in-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis. Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective study of 120 patients with sepsis. A multivariable logistic regression model was developed and internally validated using bootstrap resampling. Model performance was evaluated through discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis, with incremental predictive value assessed by net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement. Results The SOFA score and NAR were independently associated with in-hospital mortality, while PNI did not reach statistical significance in multivariable analysis. The combined model demonstrated good discrimination with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.904, higher than SOFA score alone (0.845) and quick SOFA (0.700), although the difference versus SOFA alone was not statistically significant (P = 0.075). Bootstrap internal validation yielded an optimism-corrected AUC of 0.870. Calibration was acceptable (Hosmer-Lemeshow P = 0.057; Brier score = 0.098). Decision curve analysis demonstrated greater net clinical benefit compared with SOFA score alone. The combined model showed potential improvement in risk reclassification (net reclassification improvement = 0.90; integrated discrimination improvement = 0.15; both P < 0.001), although its improvement in discrimination over the SOFA score alone did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions The combined model showed statistically significant improvement in risk reclassification (net reclassification improvement = 0.90; integrated discrimination improvement = 0.15; both P < 0.001), although its improvement in overall discrimination (AUC) over the SOFA score alone did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.075).
Molecular Tailoring of Self‐Assembled Monolayers Derived From Asymmetric Benzothienoindole for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
ABSTRACT Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) have emerged as efficient hole‐transporting materials for inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the synergistic design of SAMs that simultaneously optimizes electronic structure, molecular packing, perovskite crystallization, and interfacial contact remains underexplored, and the development of new SAMs is often impeded by complex synthetic routes. Herein, we developed an asymmetric [1]benzothieno[3,2‐b]indole (BTI) core via a concise Fischer indole synthesis. From this core, three SAMs are obtained by sequentially introducing substituents with electron‐donating to electron‐withdrawing characteristics. As the electron‐withdrawing ability of the substituents increases, the SAMs exhibited progressively enhanced electron delocalization, improved energy‐level alignment with perovskite, and preserved long‐range ordered molecular packing. The improved SAMs film quality enables them to act as effective templating layers for perovskite deposition, directing perovskite crystallization, improving buried interfacial contact, and suppressing interfacial nonradiative recombination. Consequently, the inverted PSCs with F‐4PABTI deliver a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.76%, a high open‐circuit voltage ( V OC ) of 1.203 V, and markedly improved operational stability. Notably, the large area device (1 cm 2 ), module (655.2 cm 2 ), and wide‐bandgap device (1.84 eV) achieve excellent PCEs of 25.38%, 20.59%, and 17.87%, respectively. This work offers a rational molecular design strategy for advancing high‐performance and stable PSCs.
LDL Cholesterol Targeting in Cardiovascular Disease
Rapid microwave-assisted synthesis of nanoflakes like β-SnWO4 nanoparticles towards Li-ion battery and dopamine sensing applications
Rainy-weather speed limit strategies on highways with variable longitudinal slopes
Rainfall substantially degrades highway traffic safety by reducing pavement friction, shortening driver perception distance, and amplifying the adverse effects of longitudinal grade on vehicle dynamics. To support refined speed management under rainy-weather conditions, this study develops a dynamic safe speed-limit model that jointly accounts for pavement friction, longitudinal slope, and perception distance. An improved Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) is further proposed to represent rainy-weather car-following behavior and speed adaptation. The proposed model was evaluated using the Hangzhou West-Fuxi highway section, and simulation experiments were conducted under different rainfall intensities and slope conditions. Model validation showed that the simulated speeds were consistent with observed speed characteristics, with RMSE values of 2.13–3.08 km/h and MAPE values of 2.31%−4.12%. The safety evaluation results indicated that the proposed speed-limit strategy reduced conflict rates by 7.1%, 73.6%, and 82.4% across the three rainfall scenarios compared with the unrestricted-speed condition. Sensitivity analysis further showed that increasing rainfall intensity reduced the pavement friction coefficient, increased braking distance, and narrowed the safety boundary, particularly on downhill sections. The results indicate that no additional speed restriction is generally required for rainfall intensities of 0–1.0 mm/min, whereas rainfall intensities of 1.0–5.0 mm/min require progressively stricter speed limits. A longitudinal slope of +1% provides the most favorable operating condition, while a −3% slope represents the most adverse case. These findings provide a quantitative basis for adaptive highway speed-limit control under rainy-weather conditions.
Boron Cluster‐Based X‐Ray Scintillators for Highly Efficient Radioluminescence
ABSTRACT Organic scintillators represent a promising alternative to conventional inorganic scintillators; however, their practical applications are severely hampered by inferior x‐ray absorption and inefficient exciton utilization, which lead to unsatisfactory scintillation performance. Herein, we designed and synthesized a novel class of highly efficient boron cluster‐based organic scintillators featuring a donor–acceptor architecture, constructed by covalently integrating a carbazole donor into an iodophenyl carborane cluster acceptor. These materials exhibit high absolute quantum yields up to 95.8% and an ultralow x‐ray detection limit of 76 nGy s −1 , representing exceptional scintillation performance compared to the commercial inorganic BGO (Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 ) scintillator (105 nGy s −1 ). Mechanistic studies reveal that the bright radioluminescence originates from intramolecular charge transfer from the carbazole moiety to the carborane core, which leads to thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emission and enables theoretically 100% exciton utilization. This work establishes that metal‐free boron clusters can serve as versatile building blocks for constructing high‐performance organic scintillators, opening a new avenue for next‐generation x‐ray scintillators.
Cross-Correction in HSC Gene Therapy for Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
Targeting Trichophyton rubrum with phytochemicals: a computational approach for antifungal drug discovery
Resilience factors, pain, and physical activity in adolescent chronic musculoskeletal pain: Design and protocol of a pilot phase 2 single-group, non-randomized clinical trial
Introduction Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMSKP) in adolescence is associated with physical, psychological, social, and academic impairment and increased risk for chronic pain in adulthood. Although physical activity interventions are an evidence-based approach for managing pediatric chronic pain, many adolescents with CMSKP avoid physical activity due to fear of increased pain, low confidence in physical functioning, and other pain-avoidance behaviors. Resilience-focused interventions targeting self-efficacy, motivation, and mental flexibility may improve engagement in valued activities despite pain. This study describes the design and protocol of the Pain REsilience Promotion for Youth (PREP-Y) intervention, a resilience-focused physical activity intervention for adolescents with CMSKP. Methods and analysis This single-site, pilot phase 2, single-group, non-randomized clinical trial will enroll 40 adolescents aged 12–17 years with CMSKP from Nationwide Children’s Hospital in Columbus, Ohio, USA. Participants complete questionnaires, objective physical functioning assessments, and physical activity monitoring using activPAL devices as baseline measures. Participants then complete 4 virtual resilience-focused intervention sessions targeting pain resilience, self-efficacy, motivation, and adaptive coping related to physical activity. Garmin watches are used to track activity during the intervention period. Follow-up assessments occur post-intervention and at 3 months post-intervention. Primary outcomes include feasibility and acceptability, assessed through recruitment, retention, attendance, intervention fidelity, and completion of study measures. Exploratory outcomes include physical activity, sedentary behavior, pain-related functioning, pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, self-efficacy, and resilience-related constructs. Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by the Nationwide Children’s Hospital Institutional Review Board. Findings will inform a future randomized clinical trial. This manuscript reflects protocol version 5.0 dated 23 March 2026. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06923891 .
In Silico to In Cerebro—Development of the Orexin Receptor Antagonist “Photorexant” for Photomodulation In Vitro and in Mouse Brains
ABSTRACT In this study, we report the first photoswitchable small molecule dual ligands for the orexin receptor subtypes 1 (OX1R) and 2 (OX2R) as molecular tools for optical control of orexin signaling. The orexin system is critical for several physiological processes and has been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of various psychiatric disorders. We implemented a prospective structure‐based design approach, generating azobenzene‐containing derivatives of the FDA‐approved dual orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant with a computational workflow that featured a novel fragmentation and azobenzene‐fusion strategy. The derivatives were subsequently evaluated by molecular docking to ensure preservation of the characteristic binding mode of suvorexant. Top candidates were synthesized and characterized by photophysical and pharmacological methods, namely our recently developed β‐arrestin 2 and miniGα q recruitment assays for both receptor subtypes. Optimization of the photoswitchable moiety yielded the highly potent antagonist “photorexant,” exhibiting an up to 11‐fold activity difference between photoisomers. A newly optimized assay protocol for the characterization of photoswitchable GPCR antagonists demonstrated dynamic, reversible photomodulation of orexin receptors by photorexant in vitro. Electrophysiological studies in hypothalamic and locus coeruleus neurons in mice demonstrated photomodulation of its antagonistic properties in vivo, positioning photorexant as an excellent tool for further investigation of orexin signaling.
Medical Standards by Federal Fiat
Comparative analysis of ocular surface restoration following different techniques of allogeneic limbal transplantation in a rabbit model of limbal stem cell deficiency
Current immunosuppressive treatment and self-reported lifetime stroke history among United States adults: A cross-sectional study
Current immunosuppressive treatment is used for autoimmune, inflammatory, malignant, transplant-related, and other chronic conditions that may carry elevated cerebrovascular burden. Nationally representative evidence on current immunosuppressive treatment status and self-reported lifetime stroke history remains limited. This cross-sectional study used pooled 2023–2024 National Health Interview Survey Adult Sample data. The analytic sample included adults aged 18 years or older with valid survey weights and complete data on exposure, outcome, and selected covariates. The exposure was current self-reported use of medications that weaken the immune system. The outcome was self-reported lifetime stroke history. Survey-weighted logistic regression estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, accounting for National Health Interview Survey stratification, clustering, and adjusted sampling weights. The final analytic sample included 60,026 adults, representing approximately 250 million United States adults. The weighted prevalence of current immunosuppressive treatment was 4.6%. Stroke history was more common among adults receiving immunosuppressive treatment than among those not receiving treatment (6.0% versus 2.8%). In unadjusted analysis, immunosuppressive treatment was associated with higher odds of stroke history (odds ratio 2.24, 95% confidence interval 1.86–2.70, p < 0.001). After full adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, hypertension, diabetes, smoking status, coronary heart disease, and income-to-poverty category, the association persisted (adjusted odds ratio 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.40–2.08, p < 0.001). Current immunosuppressive treatment status, likely reflecting both medication exposure and underlying disease burden, was associated with higher odds of self-reported lifetime stroke history among United States adults. Because of the cross-sectional design, broad exposure definition, self-reported outcome, and potential confounding by indication, these findings should be interpreted as an association rather than evidence of causation.
Sulfone Activation Triggered by Iodide Anion for Photoinduced Fluoroalkylations
ABSTRACT Radical fluoroalkylation via electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex photochemistry stands out as a particularly attractive approach, owing to its mild conditions and the absence of an external metal photocatalyst or organic dye. Fluoroalkyl sulfones, valued for their stability, accessibility, and structural tunability, have emerged as versatile precursors for radical fluoroalkylation. Herein, we present a photocatalyst‐free and straightforward method for direct fluoroalkylation through an EDA complex, utilizing inexpensive iodide anion as an electron donor and fluoroalkyl sulfones as acceptors. Upon visible light irradiation, the EDA complex undergoes single‐electron transfer (SET) to generate fluoroalkyl radicals, which subsequently react with a diverse array of silyl enol ethers with high efficiency. The method features mild reaction conditions, broad functional group compatibility, and an extensive substrate scope that encompasses bioactive molecules and sterically demanding architectures. Mechanistic investigations indicate the involvement of an iodide‐mediated EDA complex and support the proposed radical‐generation pathway. This work establishes a practical and sustainable platform for fluoroalkylation, underscoring the utility of iodide in EDA‐based photochemistry and broadening the scope of radical synthetic methods.