Browse Articles

Anterior and posterior retrosplenial cortex form distinct visuospatial circuits in the mouse

Abstract The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) integrates sensory and mnemonic information to support spatial orientation and navigation, yet how visuospatial processing differs across its subregions remains unclear. Here, we combined cellular imaging in navigating mice with brain-wide anatomical input tracing to characterize how multimodal sensory and positional signals are integrated along the anterior–posterior axis of dorsal RSC. We identified consistent differences between anterior and posterior subregions in both functional response properties and long-range connectivity. Anterior RSC neurons displayed sharper and more reliable position tuning during tactile-cued navigation and preferential sensitivity to fast, low–spatial-frequency visual motion. In contrast, posterior RSC neurons showed broader position selectivity, stronger responses to slow, high–spatial-frequency visual patterns, and enhanced tuning in visually immersive virtual environments. Consistent with these differences, anterior RSC received denser projections from motor, somatosensory, and parietal areas, whereas posterior RSC received stronger input from primary and posteromedial visual cortices. Together, these findings identify an anterior–posterior functional gradient in RSC, with subregions differing in how they integrate sensory and positional signals during navigation.

Retraction Note: Microstructure and dry sliding wear evaluation of functionally graded coating deposited via atmospheric plasma spray

Active site design enables industrial scale H2O2 electrosynthesis with metal-free catalysts

TTEA: designing a quantum-ready and energy-conscious encryption model for secure IoT environments

Abstract The proliferation of resource-constrained IoT devices has intensified the conflict between robust security requirements and hardware limitations. Conventional lightweight encryption algorithms (e.g., TEA, Speck) often fail to resolve this tension, exhibiting known cryptanalytic vulnerabilities while imposing excessive computational and energy overhead. This paper presents the Two-Stage Encryption Approach (TTEA), an innovative cryptographic framework optimized for IoT ecosystems. TTEA incorporates a $$20 \times 20$$ bit-sliced S-box as a non-linear substitution layer to ensure high diffusion and resistance to differential attacks, together with an adaptive key scheduling mechanism that dynamically adjusts computational complexity based on device power states. Evaluation on standard IoT platforms such as ESP32 and Raspberry Pi demonstrates that TTEA reduces energy consumption by 39% compared to TEA, lowers memory requirements by 40%, and achieves 20% faster execution speeds. Security analysis confirms an avalanche effect of 48.5% and near-ideal ciphertext entropy (7.98 bits for 128B packets). Furthermore, TTEA shows resilience against differential and linear cryptanalysis, side-channel attacks, and quantum threats when integrated with CRYSTALS-Kyber for post-quantum key exchange. By bridging the gap between post-quantum security and energy efficiency, TTEA offers a validated solution for modern IoT deployments.

Sulfonic Acid Group Docking Synthesis of Platinum Clusters in MOFs Cavity Enables Low-Temperature Stable Selective CO ₂ Hydrogenation to Methanol

Atlas of predicted protein complex structures across kingdoms

Final adult height in Korean children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency after growth hormone treatment

Anion-Suppression Strategy Enables Palladium Metallaphotoredox-Catalyzed Desymmetric Carboxylation with CO ₂

Editorial Expression of Concern: Loss of Smad4 promotes aggressive lung cancer metastasis by de-repression of PAK3 via miRNA regulation

Leveraging butterfly meta material structures in a symmetric stub-loaded microstrip MIMO antenna for advanced biomedical and security applications

Substituent-induced oxidation-reduction molecular organic junction for interfacial hydrogen peroxide photosynthesis

Abstract The distribution of catalytic active sites critically dictates photocatalytic efficiency, but existing catalyst design operate at the same or adjacent sites still remain limitations toward photocatalytic reaction. To address this, a kind of spatially separable oxidation-reduction assignment in fluorine substituted molecular organic junction catalyst (covalent triazine framework, CTF-TF-0.5) is constructed. By modulating the coordination of F-substituted benzene linkers, we controlled the redox nature of triazine ring in CTFs to obtain the separable oxidation-reduction assignment. It achieves a interfacial hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) photosynthesis rate of 4664 µmol g −1 h −1 at triphasic interface with simulated sunlight and ultrasonic forces. With external forces, the photogenerated-holes allow to transfer to the oxidation site (triazine connected two benzene and a F-substituted benzene) and photogenerated-electrons to the reduction site (triazine connected a benzene and two F-substituted benzene) via benzene bridges for a dual-pathway of water oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions to synthesize H 2 O 2 . Additionally, this heterogeneous interfacial reaction system exhibits efficient purification capability for arsenic-containing mining wastewater. This study using the separable oxidation-reduction sites for addressing the coupling reaction at manipulable active sites to improve overall catalytic efficiency via molecular junction catalyst.

Plasma EAAT2 and GABA as candidate biomarkers in males with autism spectrum disorder: an exploratory case–control study with ROC analysis

Tailored Spin Coupling of Single-Molecule Magnets with a Single Charge-Density-Wave Metal Layer

Dual-atom Rh-Co catalysts for synergistically boosting nitrile hydrogenation

Estimation of surface PM2.5 over the Indo-Gangetic Basin using MERRA-2 reanalysis and machine learning

ENSO phase transition enables prediction of winter North Atlantic Oscillation one year ahead

Abstract The winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a dominant mode of climate variability affecting temperature and precipitation across the Northern Hemisphere, yet its prediction at seasonal-to-decadal (S2D) lead times remains challenging. Here, using multi-year hindcasts from a multi-model ensemble initialized on 1 November for 1962–2019, we show that NAO skill one year ahead improves significantly when the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) undergoes a phase transition next year. This improvement is linked to the northward propagation of anomalous atmospheric angular momentum, which dynamically organizes the NAO and is captured in reanalysis and models. During ENSO transition years, prediction skill increases with ensemble size, and when more than 10 members are used, the forecasts display the signal-to-noise paradox. These findings highlight the potential for enhanced one-year NAO predictability when ENSO transitions are present and large ensemble sizes are used in S2D prediction systems, given the skillful prediction of ENSO phase transitions at one-year lead times by multi-model ensembles.

PEO-sheathed liquid jets increase sample delivery stability for serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography

Abstract Viscoelastic jets can be generated by the polyethylene oxide (PEO) sheathing of an aqueous solution using double-flow focusing nozzles (DFFNs) and represent an efficient method to deliver samples that are dispersed in low and medium-viscosity liquids for X-ray diffractive imaging experiments. Due to their micrometre diameter and millimetre length, such jets can be used for pump–probe serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) in order to access a timescale of a few tens of microseconds. This range is in between the previously achievable ranges accessible at XFELs (picoseconds-to-microsecond time delays) and synchrotrons (a few hundred µs to millisecond delays), respectively. Here, we demonstrate their effectiveness to deliver protein microcrystals (lysozyme and photosystem II) in buffer compositions of various viscosities for SFX and explore capabilities of triple-flow focusing nozzles (TFFNs) that incorporate PEO-sheathing to control challenging-to-jet viscous buffers for time-resolved diffusive mixing experiments.

An Amino-Acid-Derived Metal–Organic Framework with Large Pores for Unspecific Enantioseparation

CRISPR tiling deletion screens reveal functional enhancers and allelic compensation effects (ACE) on SIN3A transcription

Abstract Precise transcriptional regulation is critical for cellular function and development, yet the mechanism of this process remains poorly understood for many genes. To gain a deeper understanding of the regulation of neuropsychiatric disease risk genes, we identify a total of 39 functional enhancers for four dosage-sensitive genes, APP , FMR1 , MECP2 , and SIN3A , using CRISPR tiling deletion screening in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-induced excitatory neurons. More importantly, we discover that allelic enhancer deletions at SIN3A could be compensated by increased transcriptional activities from the other intact allele. Such allelic compensation effects (ACE) on transcription are stably maintained during differentiation and, once established, cannot be reversed by ectopic SIN3A expression. Further, ACE at SIN3A occurs through dosage sensing by the promoter. Together, our findings unravel a regulatory compensation mechanism that ensures stable and precise transcriptional output for SIN3A , and potentially other dosage-sensitive genes.

Mismatch negativity-like responses in nitroglycerin-elicited migraine model