PEO-sheathed liquid jets increase sample delivery stability for serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography
Abstract
Abstract Viscoelastic jets can be generated by the polyethylene oxide (PEO) sheathing of an aqueous solution using double-flow focusing nozzles (DFFNs) and represent an efficient method to deliver samples that are dispersed in low and medium-viscosity liquids for X-ray diffractive imaging experiments. Due to their micrometre diameter and millimetre length, such jets can be used for pump–probe serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) in order to access a timescale of a few tens of microseconds. This range is in between the previously achievable ranges accessible at XFELs (picoseconds-to-microsecond time delays) and synchrotrons (a few hundred µs to millisecond delays), respectively. Here, we demonstrate their effectiveness to deliver protein microcrystals (lysozyme and photosystem II) in buffer compositions of various viscosities for SFX and explore capabilities of triple-flow focusing nozzles (TFFNs) that incorporate PEO-sheathing to control challenging-to-jet viscous buffers for time-resolved diffusive mixing experiments.
Article Details
Authors (33)
Mohammad Vakili
European X-ray Free Electron Laser, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
Saša Bajt
Johan Bielecki
Sabine Botha
Claire Cerniglia
Henry N. Chapman
Carsten Deiter
Raphael de Wijn
Katerina Dörner
Juncheng E
Petra Fromme
Raimund Fromme
Alfonso M. Gañán Calvo
Huijong Han
Phan Bao Ngoc Huynh
Chan Kim
Marco Kloos
European X-ray Free Electron Laser, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
Faisal H. M. Koua
Romain Letrun
José Domingo Meza-Aguilar
José M. Montanero
Katherine Morin
Tomas Popelar
Alejandro Rubio González
Christina Schmidt
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Münster (IMD-4), Corrensstraße 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
Sunidhi Sharma
Egor Sobolev
Jui-Tung Tseng
Oleksii Turkot
Agnieszka Wrona
Jay-How Yang
Gayathri Yogaganeshan
Richard Bean