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CORRIGENDUM: Correction to “Colloidal Phase Control in Plasmonic Metal Oxide Nanocrystals via Competitive Metal‐Ligand Equilibria”
Network topology and recovery delay thresholds determine cascading failure vulnerability in sports systems
A nanoscale robotic cleaner
Abstract Photon-recoil–based actuation enables maneuvering of micro- and nanoscale objects without beam steering or tight focusing, mitigating system complexity and photodamage. Recent light-driven microdrones achieved full control in two dimensions using multiple laser fields; however, for many applications, sacrificing degrees of freedom allows substantial miniaturization and improved propulsion efficiency. Here, we demonstrate sub-micrometer nanorobots actuated by a plasmonic directional antenna that simultaneously provides propulsion force and orientation control. The nanorobots reach propulsion speeds up to 50 μm/s, with their motion direction intrinsically locked perpendicular to the linear polarization axis. Circularly polarized light pulses lift the resulting twofold orientational degeneracy through spin–momentum transfer. Using opto-thermophoretic forces, nanorobots efficiently capture, transport, reversibly assemble, and release bacteria. By sequencing linear and circular polarization states, they execute complex, high-precision trajectories to systematically sweep defined regions, functioning as light-driven robotic cleaners. This work expands the capabilities of nanorobots for biological manipulation and high-speed, localized sensing.
A looming belowground threat: assessment of climate-driven global expansion risk of Meloidogyne spp. in tobacco-growing regions
Rapid subsurface warming in the subpolar North Atlantic from freshening
Interaction between oxygen saturation and renal function on 30-day mortality in emergency department patients
Abstract Emerging evidence suggests that bidirectional lung–kidney crosstalk may influence outcomes, but this has not been systematically evaluated in unselected emergency department populations. We therefore examined the association between peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and 30‑day mortality, and tested whether the prognostic association of oxygenation with mortality differs across levels of kidney function (and vice versa), using an SpO₂×eGFR interaction term to model effect modification We analyzed 12,651 adults with complete data on SpO₂, creatinine-derived eGFR, lactate, C-reactive protein (CRP), RETTS triage, and prespecified covariates from the Skåne Emergency Medicine (Skåne 17/18) cohort (2017–2018). We fitted multivariable logistic regression models including SpO₂ and eGFR (Model 1) and then added an SpO₂×eGFR interaction term (Model 2). Nested models were compared using a likelihood-ratio test, and discrimination was compared using AUROC (DeLong test) based on model-predicted probabilities. In a predefined subgroup with arterial blood gases ( n = 3,068), we evaluated eGFR in relation to PaO₂/FiO₂ (P/F). In the full cohort, SpO₂ and eGFR were significantly correlated. Adding the SpO₂×eGFR interaction term improved model fit versus the main-effects model (LRT ΔDeviance = 15.77, p = 7.17 × 10⁻⁵), but discrimination was essentially unchanged (AUROC 0.744 vs. 0.745; ΔAUROC 0.0009; 95% CI − 0.00227 to 0.00046; DeLong p = 0.193). In the interaction model, higher SpO₂ and eGFR were associated with lower 30-day mortality (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.77–0.85; OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.80–0.91), and the interaction term indicated stronger protection when both were higher (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.86–0.95). Exploratory subgroup analyses suggested the interaction effect was most pronounced among patients presenting with chest pain. SpO₂ and eGFR showed evidence of interaction in relation to 30-day mortality. Although adding the interaction term improved model fit, it did not meaningfully improve discrimination compared to main model (without interaction). This suggests that, in unselected ED populations, measuring and interpreting SpO₂ and eGFR remains clinically useful, whereas explicitly modeling their interaction is unlikely to add substantial predictive benefit.
Aurka-Bhlhe41 axis prevents premature aging-like microglial dysfunction and promotes remyelination
Abstract Aging accelerates central nervous system remyelination failure and neurodegeneration. Microglia promote remyelination by phagocytosing myelin debris, but this function is impaired by aging-related CD22 upregulation. However, the molecular mechanisms counteracting premature aging-related microglial dysfunction and remyelination impairment remain unclear. Here, we report that Aurka-Bhlhe41 axis prevents premature aging-like microglial dysfunction and promotes remyelination by restraining progressive CD22 upregulation. We identified that microglia-enriched Bhlhe41 was negatively autoregulated and inhibited by Aurka loss. Bhlhe41- or Aurka -deficient young mice exhibited aging-like microglial morphology, phagocytic deficits, progressive CD22 upregulation, and remyelination impairment in cuprizone-induced demyelination model. Conversely, ectopic Bhlhe41 expression induced hypertrophic microglia, and counteracted phagocytic deficits and CD22 upregulation in Aurka -deficient microglia. CD22 blockade restored phagocytic function and remyelination in Bhlhe41 -deficient mice. Notably, a conserved pattern of CD22 upregulation was observed in human PCDH9 high microglia subsets with BHLHE41 downregulation. These findings offer insights into potential therapeutic strategies to combat aging-related neurodegeneration and central nervous system functional decline.
The de novo transcriptome of the freshwater copepod Cyclops abyssorum tatricus reveals high-elevation adaptation
Abstract Copepods, small aquatic crustaceans, are one of the most abundant zooplankton in the world. These animals play a critical ecological role in aquatic ecosystems such as oceans, streams, or, as in this study, alpine lakes. In these ecosystems, copepods have adapted to stressful and dynamic environments, a process which can be investigated via comparative transcriptomics. An assembled transcriptome is a pre-requisite to applying transcriptomic tools in physiological research, but there are few transcriptome assemblies available for copepods. To address this gap, we assembled a de novo transcriptome of Cyclops abyssorum tatricus by merging Pacific Bioscience long reads from copepods collected in two lakes at two different time points. The final assembly consisted of 52,521 contigs with a BUSCO score of 80.7%. We annotated a total of 26,255 (49.99%) protein sequences using the eggNOG database. Gene ontology analyses revealed that most gene annotations were involved in cellular processes and signaling (34.61%). Comparisons with two other copepod species showed that the transcriptome assembly of C. abyssorum tatricus is enriched for cold acclimation genes, consistent with its long-term adaptation to cold water environments. This de novo transcriptome will enable comparative transcriptomic studies in this species, allowing us to investigate physiological adaptations to alpine environments.
All-inorganic lattice-contracted fabric image sensors for extreme-temperature radiography
Return to work and cancer survivorship needs of breast cancer survivors: an observational prospective single-cohort study in Italy
Abstract Because work participation is an important goal of individuals with breast cancer (BC), we aimed to investigate the factors that may influence return to work in employed individuals as well as cancer survivorship needs regardless of employment status. Adult individuals with BC were followed up for 12 months after surgery. The impact of patient characteristics on return to work and needs was explored using penalized generalized linear mixed models. Of the 111 participants, 85 were working age and employed. Having children (odds ratio (OR) 0.81), undergoing lymph node dissection (OR 0.66), having targeted therapy (OR 0.78), and having a physically demanding job (OR 0.64) and a more severe disability of the upper limbs (OR 0.98) seemed to be associated with reduced return to work, as did taking sick days between diagnosis and surgery (OR 0.74) and taking sick leave after surgery (OR 13.78). More severe anxiety (OR 0.66), reduced sleep quality (OR 0.40), and upper limb disability (OR 0.13) seemed associated with higher needs. These findings suggest that employment is shaped by key determinants, whose early identification may help mitigate adverse work outcomes and support the timely addressing of needs.
Associations of continuous glucose monitor derived time in range and glycaemic variability with diet lifestyle and demographics
Development and validation of a tool for detecting misinformation risk in diet, nutrition, and health content (Diet-MisRAT)
Abstract Misinformation in diet and nutrition is recognised as a major public health threat, with the potential to misguide dietary choices and contribute to preventable harm. To address this, we developed a Misinformation Risk Assessment Model (MisRAM), grounded in the World Health Organization’s hazard risk assessment principles. MisRAM conceptualises misleading content traits as stratifiable agents of informational adverse effects, weighed by their severity and likelihood of increasing recipient susceptibility. Building on this model, we designed the Diet-Nutrition Misinformation Risk Assessment Tool (Diet-MisRAT), a structured instrument that evaluates medium-to-long form content across four risk dimensions (inaccuracy, incompleteness, deceptiveness, health harm), yielding five-tier risk estimates from very low to very high. Validation involved five rounds: expert reviewers, trainee dietitians, postgraduate nutrition students, highly experienced nutrition professionals, and zero-shot prompt-based generative-AI risk detection. Results showed strong to very strong alignment with expert-derived benchmarks, supporting the tool’s interpretability and concurrent validity. ChatGPT demonstrated high test–retest reliability, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and F1 scores under blinded untuned conditions, suggesting that adequately constructed, expert-designed prompting tools may help overcome training-dataset limitations. Diet-MisRAT offers a scalable, graded alternative to binary detection. Domain-calibrated risk stratification could guide proportionate interventions in content oversight, regulation, education, misinformation inoculation, and infodemic mitigation.
TaCNGC-2A suppresses seed dormancy and activates pre-harvest sprouting through modulating calcium and hormonal signaling pathways
Experimental study on portable multi-parameter intelligent wind measurement sensor
Supernetwork-based efficient mapping of deep learning applications to mixed-precision hardware using model adaptation
Endogenous and environmental factors that induce DNA replication defects and genomic instability in ER-negative heterozygous BRCA1 cells
Abstract Carriers with a germline mutation in the BRCA1 gene have an increased lifetime risk of breast and ovarian cancer and other malignancies. Cancer initiation is linked to mutagenesis and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in BRCA1 carriers. Approximately 70% of BRCA1-associated breast cancers are triple negative (TNBC; progesterone (PR), HER2, estrogen receptor (ER)-negative), which were reported to develop from ER/PR-negative luminal progenitor cells. However, the mechanisms and factors inducing carcinogenesis in ER/PR-negative cells carrying a BRCA1 germline mutation are not known. Also, ER/PR-negative breast cancer cells are not responsive to ER hormone therapy, making it challenging to treat TNBC cancers. We investigated ER-negative mammary cells and found that estrogen and estrogen metabolites, which are known to form DNA adducts, inhibit replication fork progression in heterozygous BRCA1 mut/+ mammary cells. Furthermore, estrogen triggered DNA breaks, large deletions, and cancer-initiating mutations, such as LOH in BRCA1 mut/+ mammary cells. In addition, we found that one of the most commonly used herbicides in the US, the endocrine-disruptor Atrazine, also hinders replication fork progression and induces genomic instability in these cells. To counteract the genotoxic effect, we tested several dietary compounds and found that Indole-3 carbinol (I3C) prevents the replication stress and reduces genomic instability in BRCA1 mut/+ mammary cells. In summary, these results reveal that alterations in estrogen metabolism caused by environmental or endogenous factors are genotoxic for ER-negative BRCA1 mut/+ mammary cells. And our results also show that the dietary compound I3C can prevent estrogen-induced DNA damage, and suggest that I3C can be a potential cancer-preventive therapeutic agent for BRCA1 carriers.
Polyglutamate-loaded chitosan nanogels reprogram plant metabolism for increased growth and viral resistance
Unveiling the antifungal potential of extracts in leaves and branches from Nicotiana glauca for wood biofungicides
Abstract Wild-growing medicinal plants are a rich source of bioactive compounds, which serve as antimicrobial agents for various medicinal, pharmaceutical, and wood preservation uses. In this study, branches and leaves from Nicotiana glauca Graham, a wild plant from Egypt, were used to extract bioactive compounds using the ethanol solvent. The ethanol extracts (EEs) were analyzed for their chemical components using HPLC and GC-MS. The EEs were applied to Fagus sylvatica L. wood to evaluate their activity against the growth of three fungi, namely Phoma glomerata , Fusarium circinatum , and Pythium tardicrescens . By HPLC analysis, the abundant phenolic and flavonoid compounds in EE from the branches were rutin (1529.37 µg/g dry extract), quercetin (856.96 µg/g dry extract), and gallic acid (813.79 µg/g dry extract). The N. glauca leaf EE contained high amounts of rutin (23364.18 µg/g dry extract), chlorogenic acid (3136.67 µg/g dry extract), gallic acid (1133.30 µg/g dry extract), and coumaric acid (1066.13 µg/g dry extract). The GC-MS analysis of the branches EE showed the abundant compounds methyl oleate (19.39%), oleic acid (17.09%), 9-octadecenal (15.65%), methyl palmitate (14.08%), and methyl 12,13-tetradecadienoate (8.99%). In the leaves EE, the primary compounds were anabasine (11.44%), palmitic acid (11.29%), oleic acid (10.96%), hydnocarpic acid (8.34%), and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (6.76%). The EEs at 1000 µg/mL exhibited the best activity against the growth of P. glomerata , P. tardicrescens , and F. circinatum with fungal inhibition percentage (FIP) values of (35.92% and 27.77%), (58.15% and 47.41%), and (55.55 and 55.18%), respectively. The MICs with the branch and leaf extract ranged from 15.6 to 250 µg/mL with all fungal isolates. This study offers significant and important applications of Nicotiana glauca as a source of natural extracts for wood-biofungicides application against some fungi isolated from diseased branches and roots of Pinus halepensis .