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TONSL suppresses polymerase theta-dependent tandem duplications through chromatin-guided repair
Numerical study on the impact of coal fractures on seismic wave dispersion and attenuation: anisotropic WIFF effects
Tumor-infiltrating immature innate lymphoid cells in colorectal cancer are biased toward ILC1/tissue-resident NK cell differentiation
Abstract Peritoneal metastases (PM) occur in 10% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and are linked to poor outcomes. Although dysregulated innate lymphoid cells (ILC) have been described in CRC, their function in CRC-PM remains unclear. Here, we analyze tumor samples from CRC and CRC-PM patients using single-cell RNA sequencing (11 patients), flow cytometry (8 patients) and differentiation assays (24 patients). Healthy colon, primary CRC and CRC-PM tumors are infiltrated by heterogeneous populations of ILC3, ILC2, ILC1, tissue resident (tr)NK cells and conventional (c)NK cells. Compared to healthy colons, primary CRC and CRC-PM tumors are depleted of ILC3 but enriched for ILC1, trNK cells and cNK cells. CRC and CRC-PM tumors harbor two immature ILC populations, early NK and naïve (n)ILC, with nILCs being transcriptionally skewed toward ILC1 and trNK cells. Indeed, co-culture of isolated nILCs with OP9-DL1 cells induces intratumoral nILC differentiation into ILC1/trNK-like cells. These findings help understand the immune pathogenesis of CRC and CRC-PM and provide insights for future ILC1 and NK cell-based therapies.
Alleviation of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induced by tetracycline in rats by Coffee Arabica extract through autophagy signals (mTOR/LC3-B)
Abstract The autophagy mechanism is a key point for liver protection against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). By specifically selecting Coffea arabica , this study leverages its high concentration of chlorogenic acid to modulate autophagy, a critical cellular recycling process that is typically suppressed during the development of NASH-related liver damage. We investigated the impact of Coffea Arabica methanolic extract (CAME) on autophagy-related markers (mTOR and LC3-B) mediated abrogation of tetracycline (TET) induced NASH in rats. Sixty male albino rats weighing 150 ± 10 g were equally divided into six groups: group 1 (control) received a chow diet; group 2 (NASH) received TET orally (1 g/kg bw) for 8 days; group 3 (CAME) received Coffea Arabica methanolic extract (CAME) orally (100 mg/kg bw) for 28 days; group 4 (treatment) received TET then CAME treatment for 28 days; group 5 (preventive) received CAME (100 mg/kg) for 28 days then TET orally (1 g/kg) for 8 days; and group 6 (protective) received both TET and CAME orally for 8 days. ELISA technique was used to measure mTOR and LC3-B content in liver tissue homogenate. Moreover, transmission electron microscope analysis carried out to detect pathological alterations in liver tissue. Also, molecular docking analysis was done. Coffea Arabica methanolic extract analysis by GC/MS revealed that CAME contained the highest percentage of chlorogenic acid (12.7963%). The biochemical data obtained pointed out that the mTOR level was significantly increased (~71.62%) while LC3-B decreased (~28.08%) in the NASH group compared with control. Administration of CAME abrogated these abnormalities. Liver examination by electron microscope indicated improvement abnormalities caused by TET in treatment with CAME. Docking study showed that chlorogenic acid has binding energy − 7.554 favorable to mTOR than ATP-γS. We concluded that CAME stimulated a protective mechanism against NASH via LC3B and mTOR modulation which should attract further research to confirm our results and fully understand its mechanism of induction.
Defective three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks for enhanced hydrogen peroxide photosynthesis and organic transformation
Abstract Covalent organic frameworks with three-dimensional networks and interconnected porous structures show promising advantages for hydrogen peroxide photocatalysis. However, 3D COFs are typically constructed from 3D-oriented knots with less conjugation and insufficient light absorption, which significantly inhibits their performance. Herein, we present a universal defect engineering approach by systematically replacing T d knots with trigonal planar ligands and modifying linear linkers with electron-withdrawing/donating groups to achieve simultaneous enhancement of light absorption and precise electronic tuning of 3D donor-acceptor structures. Experimental results and theoretical analysis reveal that the optimized 3D COF with planar ligands induced defects and fluorine functional groups (COF-300-D-F), which achieve an H 2 O 2 production rate of 19.09 mmol g −1 h −1 and apparent quantum yield of 11.95% at 400 nm with benzyl alcohol as sacrificial agent. Moreover, the material maintains long-term stability during continuous operation exceeding 96 hours and exhibits high activity in photocatalytic benzylamine coupling reactions.
Characteristics of gut microbiota and metabolites in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and colorectal adenoma
SMART: spatial multi-omic aggregation using graph neural networks and metric learning
Albumin-on-a-chip: binding profiling of circulating human albumin via selective immunocapture and real-time SPR analysis
Conformational gating mechanism for processive catalysis of β(1,3)-glucans
KM-DBSCAN: an enhanced density and centroid based border detection framework for data reduction towards green AI
Abstract Green AI aims to design and train machine learning models while taking into consideration sustainable resource usage without sacrificing model efficiency. The exponential growth of training data has led to results in increasing computational cost and energy consumption. Techniques like pruning, quantization, and knowledge distillation are used to shrink AI models. Data reduction is one of these techniques that enhances both the training speed up factor and the green AI score. To overcome these challenges, we introduce KM-DBSCAN, a new data clustering algorithm for intelligent data reduction. It aims to combine the geometric simplicity of K-Means with the density-awareness and noise resilience of DBSCAN to enhance the performance and the efficiency of data clustering for better border detection even in overlapping scenarios. The effect of data reduction has been examined on training and testing different machine learning models including SVM, MLP and CNN on six benchmark datasets which are Banana, USPS, Adult9a, Collision, Dry Bean and Melanoma. KM-DBSCAN achieved up to 90% data reduction, training speedups up to 3.6 $$\times$$ to 6900 $$\times$$ , and carbon emission 0.0219 g to 5.374 g , while preserving competitive accuracy (e.g., 90.39% accuracy in melanoma classification using only 28.7% of the training data, with just 0.0061% accuracy loss and a 71.65% reduction in carbon emissions compared to training on the full dataset). These results demonstrate that KM-DBSCAN enables efficient and environmentally-conscious learning without compromising predictive performance.
Restoring early postnatal synaptic dysregulation rescues motor neuron degeneration in a mouse model of Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy
Digital twins: past, present and future
π-π Stacking origin of irreversible dispersibility of graphene oxide
Review of large YOLOv8 and RT-DETR energy efficiency on edge devices for real-time detection
Proton signaling links epithelial sensing to neural control of host defense in C. elegans
Abstract Effective host defense against pathogens requires coordinated behavioral and immune responses, yet the mechanisms that couple epithelial sensing to these systemic defenses remain poorly understood. Here, we identify a proton-mediated gut-to-neuron signaling pathway that orchestrates host defense in C. elegans . Intestinal pathogens stimulate mechanosensitive Ca 2+ influx into intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) through the TRP channel GON-2, activating the Na + /H + exchanger NHX-6 via the calmodulin CMD-1 to drive basolateral proton release. These protons activate cholinergic motor neurons through the acid-sensing ion channel ASIC-1, enhancing cholinergic transmission to promote both pathogen avoidance and intestinal innate immunity. Notably, mouse NHE1 and ASIC1a can functionally substitute for their nematode counterparts. Together, these findings demonstrate a role for proton signaling in gut-to-neuron communication, revealing a potentially conserved mechanism that links epithelial sensing to neuroimmune defense.
Mental health of palestinian undergraduates during the War on Gaza: a cross-sectional study on PTSD, CPTSD, and psychological distress
Programmable multimodal actuation in cholesteric liquid crystal elastomer hollow fibers beyond mechanochromism
Abstract Cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers (CLCEs) change color under strain, offering attractive prospects for soft robotics and photonic devices. However, the helical structure of CLCEs averages out the exceptional anisotropy and soft elasticity of the nematic phase, leaving little scope for also using the director orientation to program their thermal or mechanical actuation. Here, we develop programmable CLCE hollow fibers with longitudinal, circumferential, or twisted alignments via the integration of dynamic boronic ester bonds and mechanical force/pressure-induced orientation, all while preserving sufficient periodicity for structural color. Upon inflation, these fibers exhibit diverse motions—expansion, contraction, elongation, twisting—with synchronous color adaptation. Accordingly, we derive a membrane balloon model based on the non-ideal neo-classical LCE energy with suitable CLCE director profiles, successfully capturing key mechanical features including non-monotonicity and sub-criticality. This study provides a paradigm for the development of intelligent shape- and color-changing systems in a bespoke and versatile way.