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Temperature dependent immunological responses of Spoladea recurvalis exposed to entomopathogenic fungi
Ensemble-based detection of distributed denial-of-service attacks in IoT networks using majority decision mechanisms
Concerted Harnessing of Interfacial Concentration Field and Electronic Field for Boosting Electrocatalytic Semi‐Hydrogenation of Alkynol
ABSTRACT Electrocatalytic semi‐hydrogenation offers a sustainable and atom‐economical route for alkynes to alkenes conversion. However, a prevalent activity–selectivity trade‐off plagues the electrocatalyst design that relies exclusively on electronic structure tuning. Herein, an interfacial dual‐field synergy strategy was proposed for achieving high Faradaic efficiency (FE) and selectivity in electrocatalytic alkynol semi‐hydrogenation. The tip‐induced accumulation of hydrated K + and the introduction of Pd atoms were verified by theoretical screening as an effective method to acquire the concentration and electronic field synergy. Guided by it, the Cu nanothorns deposited with Pd atomic clusters were well‐constructed, which delivered high selectivity of 99% and FE of 96.5% toward alkenol with robust stability at a low potential of −0.18 V versus RHE. Detailed analysis was demonstrated to rationalize the interfacial alkynol and hydrated K + accumulation by concentration field regulation, as well as the electron divergence of Pd δ+ and Cu δ − atoms with concerted C≡C and H binding on Pd δ+ sites by electronic field modulation. Benefiting from the interfacial dual‐field synergy building a favorable reactant‐rich and intermediate‐coordinating microenvironment, the origin of dual achievement in both high FE and selectivity was illustrated. Our work provides a technically feasible and economically valuable solution for transcending the activity–selectivity dilemma for electrocatalysis.
Enhancing IELTS writing automated scoring with M-LoRA fine-tuned LLAMA-3 and human feedback-driven PPO reinforcement learning
Atomic‐Mesoscale Synergy in Amorphous Iridium Oxide Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
ABSTRACT Amorphous iridium oxide (IrO x ) is among the most active Ir‐based catalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), yet its stability is severely limited because lattice‐oxygen participation often triggers irreversible oxygen loss that leads to iridium dissolution and structural degradation. Here, we present a surfactant‐directed synthesis of mesoporous IrO x electrocatalysts featuring a hollandite‐type local structure. This unique structure creates an atomic‐mesoscale synergy that enhances OER activity without sacrificing stability and improves high‐current‐density performance. At the atomic level, the hollandite‐type local structure promotes high OER activity and corrosion resistance. In situ spectroscopic and isotopic labeling experiments reveal a reversible cycle of lattice oxygen loss and reformation during OER. This process enables the flexible iridium local structure to transition between an initial six‐coordinate state and a low‐coordinated active state. At the mesoscale, an interconnected porous network ensures efficient mass transport and maximizes active‐site accessibility. As a result, this mesoporous electrocatalyst achieves a low cell voltage (1.75 V @ 2 A cm −2 ) and excellent stability for more than 2000 h (@ 2 A cm −2 ) in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE).
Gender shapes the relationship between productivity and journal prestige in science
Modulating Hydrogen Species for Efficient and Sustainable Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia
ABSTRACT The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO 3 RR) represents a promising strategy for sustainable NH 3 synthesis and environmental remediation. However, developing an NH 3 production process that achieves both high current density and Faradaic efficiency (FE) is challenging owing to the strong electrostatic repulsion of NO 3 − from the electrode surface and the competing hydrogen evolution reaction at high current densities. Here, Cu/C electrode, modified using 1‐dodecanol (C 12 OH), achieves an exceptional NH 3 yield rate of 4.50 mmol cm −2 h −1 and FE NH3 of 98.9% at 1.0 A cm −2 . This performance significantly surpasses that of the pristine Cu/C catalyst and most reported state‐of‐the‐art catalysts. C 12 OH modification, which induces the reconstruction of the hydrogen‐bonded network on the electrode surface, not only enhances NO 3 − enrichment but also promotes H • radical generation. This new pathway, mediated by H • radicals, is both thermodynamically and kinetically favorable and underlies the promoted NH 3 production.
Low-data cross-modal adaptation for remote sensing with proxy-enhanced multi-granularity feature caching
Structural and mechanistic insights into α2β1 and α5β1 integrin targeting by bioengineered extracellular vesicles originating from lung cancer cells
Abstract Integrins are transmembrane receptors that mediate bidirectional signaling across the plasma membrane and play a crucial role in tumor progression, metastasis, and cellular communication. In this study, we performed a comparative structural and biophysical analysis of the PTHTRWA-functionalized extracellular vesicles (PTHTRWA-EVs) interacting with α 2 β 1 and α 5 β 1 integrins to investigate the molecular determinants underlying selective recognition. Surface plasmon resonance experiments were used to characterize multivalent bioengineered EVs --- integrin binding under physiological conditions, while molecular dynamics simulations provided residue-level insight into local ligand-receptor interaction patterns and conformational preferences. These results indicate that PTHTRWA binding is associated with local conformational rearrangements consistent with stabilization of an open-like binding geometry at the integrin interface. Together, these complementary approaches highlight the potential of PTHTRWA-functionalized EVs as a platform for targeted drug delivery and cancer diagnostics.
Nonlinear dynamics of Nosema ceranae and the fragile resilience of honeybee colonies under environmental strain
Abstract The health and sustainability of honeybee populations are essential for global food production and ecological balance. More than one-third of agricultural crops depend on pollination, making honeybees indispensable to the global economy. However, colonies worldwide are increasingly threatened by the gut parasite Nosema ceranae , whose recurrent outbreaks cause severe productivity losses and economic damage to the apicultural and agricultural sectors. Despite its prevalence, the nonlinear mechanisms responsible for the persistence and resurgence of Nosema ceranae remain poorly understood. This study aims to develop a mathematical model that interpret the complex epidemiological behaviour of Nosema ceranae under realistic biological conditions, specifically focusing on renewal of colony-level susceptibility and the strained resources available for control and management. A nonlinear Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Susceptible (SIRS) model incorporating renewal of colony-level susceptibility and resource saturation is formulated and analysed using stability theory and numerical bifurcation techniques. Analytical derivations identify the conditions for transcritical and Hopf bifurcations, while numerical continuation analysis and time series simulations validate the theoretical predictions and reveal the rich dynamical structure. The analysis uncovers two critical thresholds governing colony dynamics. A forward (transcritical) bifurcation marks the transition from disease eradication to endemic persistence, while a Hopf bifurcation arising from resource limitations induces sustained oscillations representing recurrent infection waves. The coexistence of stable equilibria and periodic orbits highlights bistability, indicating that small perturbations or change in control interventions can trigger large amplitude outbreaks. These nonlinear feedbacks provide a mechanistic explanation for the cyclical prevalence of Nosema ceranae observed in distinct colonies. The proposed framework establishes, for the first time, how the interplay between partial recovery and limited resource availability can drive complex epidemic patterns in honeybee colonies. Beyond its theoretical contribution, the study provides actionable insight for the agriculture industry: efficient allocation of control resources and timely interventions are essential to prevent recurrent epidemics that threaten pollination services and agricultural productivity. The results bridge mathematical modelling and ecological management, offering a predictive foundation for mitigating the economic and environmental impact of Nosema ceranae on global food security.
Active artisanal mining-induced radiogenic hazards: insights from radiogeochemistry of Wamba Areas, north-central Nigeria
Multi-objective scenarios analysis for optimizing mariculture spatial allocation: a case study of Lianyungang, China
It is a matter of size—manipulating body size with virtual reality modulates reward sensitivity
Controls on hydrocarbon accumulation in ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs of the Ordovician Yingshan Formation, Catake Uplift, Tarim Basin
Disentangling solvent effects on optical response via p-π and sp² lone-pair contributions in non-aromatic fused systems
Rapid microwave assisted RAFT synthesis of amphiphilic HEMA-co-AMPS copolymers for high performance Cu2+ and Cr6+ removal from water
Abstract An amphiphilic HEMA-co-AMPS copolymer was synthesized through microwave-assisted RAFT polymerization using a rapid and energy-efficient approach. Comprehensive characterization confirmed successful copolymer formation, high structural stability, and the presence of abundant negatively charged sulfonate groups. The copolymer exhibited excellent adsorption performance toward Cu 2+ and Cr 6+ ions, achieving maximum capacities of 165 mg g⁻¹ and 115 mg g⁻¹, respectively, within ≤ 3 h. Adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, while equilibrium data were best described by the Langmuir model for Cu 2+ and the Freundlich model for Cr 6+ . Thermodynamic analysis indicated spontaneous adsorption, with Cu 2+ uptake occurring through an endothermic process and Cr 6+ uptake proceeding exothermically. The copolymer retained more than 87% of its initial adsorption capacity after multiple cycles, demonstrating strong reusability. Overall, these findings highlight microwave-assisted RAFT polymerization as an efficient and sustainable strategy for producing high-performance polymeric adsorbents for water treatment applications.
Sleep stage-specific effects of 0.75 Hz phase-synchronized rTMS and tACS on delta frequency activity during sleep
Abstract Slow oscillatory activity during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep plays a crucial role in both physical health and cognitive functions. Enhancing slow oscillatory activity during sleep has the potential to benefit these domains, yet an optimal stimulation protocol has not been established. This study aimed to investigate whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), synchronized with the trough phase of 0.75 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can modulate EEG activity in the delta frequency range during sleep and enhance cognitive functions. Healthy adults participated in a within-subject, counterbalanced study design comparing real and sham stimulation conditions. Combined rTMS and tACS was applied over the bilateral prefrontal cortex before sleep. We evaluated (1) power spectral density and functional connectivity within the delta frequency range during resting state and sleep, (2) retention of declarative memory learned before sleep, and (3) sleep parameters including spindle activity, sleep stage ratios, sleep onset latency and sleep efficiency. The combined rTMS and tACS protocol significantly increased delta oscillatory activity during the N3 sleep stage compared to sham. Functional connectivity, as measured by global efficiency, was enhanced during the N2 sleep stage. However, the stimulation did not improve declarative memory retention, spindle activity or other sleep parameters. These findings demonstrate the potential of combined rTMS and tACS as a non-invasive method to enhance delta oscillatory activity during sleep. While the stimulation did not improve memory performance, its ability to modulate delta activity during sleep suggests potential clinical applications for addressing pathological alterations in slow wave activity during sleep.
An unbiased approach to measure aberrant DNA methylation alterations
Abstract The ability to accurately measure aberrant DNA methylation levels is integral to the understanding of DNA methylation biology. It is well-established that in cancer, the largest, and thus, most biologically important absolute gains of DNA methylation levels occur at CpG sites with low native levels while the largest losses occur at CpG sites with high native levels. Conventional wisdom assumes that the observed association between the degree of the alterations and the native levels are largely due to the limitations of change within the DNA methylation scale. Here, we present evidence that this association is largely caused by alterations occurring as a global rate of change relative to the native level. We show that DNA methylation alterations can be accurately compared by calculating the rate of change relative to the native level. Most importantly, this approach enables the identification of more biologically significant DNA methylation alterations.