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Tailoring activated carbon and carbon black adsorbents for efficient PAH removal

Scientific Reports Zainab A. Alaithan, Mohammed A. Alkhunaizi, Nadrah A. Alawani et al. May 23, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-53736-5

Lenalidomide ameliorates cognitive impairment via putative AChE inhibition: an in silico and in vivo study in a scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment model

Scientific Reports Salehin Sheikh, Md. Shadin, Tanzila Akter Eity et al. May 23, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-49461-8

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) causes progressive cognitive decline, and current therapies provide limited benefit. This study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of lenalidomide (LLM), a thalidomide derivative, in a scopolamine-induced mouse model of cognitive impairment, with emphasis on its acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory potential. Mice received LLM (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg), donepezil (DNP) (3 mg/kg), or a combination and were assessed using Y-maze, passive avoidance, novel object recognition, and Morris water maze tests. In silico analysis, including molecular docking, 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation and ADMET profiling were performed to investigate the interaction of LLM with AChE. Memory performance showed a significant and dose-dependent improvement after the treatment of LLM. The 20 mg/kg dose exhibited effects comparable to DNP. LLM and DNP work together to increase effectiveness. Docking and simulation analyses revealed strong, stable binding to AChE while ADMET values indicated good drug-likeness. LLM exhibits neuroprotective and cognition enhancing effects in the scopolamine-induced model. In silico study also shows its potential as an AChE inhibitor. The study’s anti-inflammatory mechanisms might also be helpful but need more exploration.

Dense MASW shear-wave imaging of weak-zone networks and preferential leachate pathways beneath rumah landfill site, central saudi arabia

Scientific Reports Kamal Abdelrahman, Saad S. Alarifi May 23, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-54326-1

FedAK: a semi-supervised one-shot framework for heterogeneous federated learning via feature-level attention-based knowledge distillation

Scientific Reports Hassan Salman, Jean-François Pradat-Peyre, Sonia Guehis et al. May 23, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-52408-8

Measuring stereotype and deviation biases in large language models

Scientific Reports Daniel Wang, Eli Brignac, Minjia Mao et al. May 23, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-52923-8

Machine learning-driven optimization of performance and emissions in a butanol/diesel CI engine

Scientific Reports K. Siva Prasad, T. R. Vijaybabu, G. Kiran Kumar et al. May 23, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-54687-7

Assessing nurses’ knowledge and confidence in adult sepsis: evidence from two hospitals in eastern China

Scientific Reports Wang Pei, Ju Xueting, Liu Jiali et al. May 23, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-53878-6

BCG immunisation through intranasal instillation protects mice against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection by enhancing alveolar macrophage activity

Scientific Reports Valentin Sencio, Camille Bouzet, Joan Fine et al. May 23, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-53277-x

Diabetes and the risk of delayed union or non-union of fractures: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis

Scientific Reports Jun Li, Zixin Cai, Yi Shen et al. May 23, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-53682-2

Starch-modified date palm leaf fibers for eco-friendly epoxy biocomposites: microstructural, structural, and thermal characterization

Scientific Reports Abbes Ouaar, Hamida Boussehel, Youcef Djebloun et al. May 23, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-54723-6

A natural coumarin, benjaminin, suppresses proliferation and migration and induces apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells

Scientific Reports Melissa Kilus, Shaari Daud, Nurhuda Mohamad Ansor et al. May 23, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-51303-6

Changing patterns of telework in spain: the growing gap between preference and practice among teleworkers

Scientific Reports Eva Ariño-Mateo, Matías Arriagada-Venegas, Ana M. Ruiz-Ortega et al. May 23, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-52666-6

Maternal and cord-blood inflammatory markers and BDNF in diabetic vs. non-diabetic pregnancies

Scientific Reports Michael P. Wendel, Heather L. Moody, Eric R. Siegel et al. May 23, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-54318-1

Exploring the effect of higher loading of short carbon fibers on mechanical and physico - mechanical characterization of polyamide66 and polytetrafluroethylene blend composites

Scientific Reports M. P. Sandeep, B. M. Rudresh, M. K. Prasanna Kumar et al. May 23, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-53792-x

Permittivity evaluation of electrically thin low-loss materials by using a generalized free-space model without any formal calibration

Scientific Reports Ugur C. Hasar, Hüseyin Korkmaz, Yunus Kaya May 23, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-50597-w

Abstract A general free-space model based on reflection and transmission measurements is proposed for accurate permittivity determination of low-loss and electrically thin ( $$W < \lambda /4$$ where W is the sample thickness and $$\lambda$$ is the wavelength) samples. Unlike previous free-space methods studied in the literature, the proposed new model generalizes previous free-space models by considering the case that transmitting and receiving antenna regions have different reflection and transmission properties. Such a model, valid at any frequency or over the entire frequency band, considers different antenna characteristics or different cable connections in addition to unequal and non-zero reflection properties due to impedance mismatches and ringing effects between antennas and the sample. An objective function constructed on this model is derived. This function is shown to be free-from error network terms of transmitting and receiving antenna regions and not dependent on reference-plane transformation factors. The effect of sample misalignment is considered to evaluate its effect on permittivity determination by the proposed extraction method. Free-space measurements at X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz) of low-loss Rogers 4350B sample ( $$W \approx 1.52$$ mm) and FR-4 sample ( $$W \approx 1.60$$ mm) were then carried out to validate our method.

Multi-criteria ranking of power supply options for long-endurance autonomous marine pollution monitoring platforms using entropy-weighted VIKOR and ELECTRE

Scientific Reports Liang Qu, Tao Liu, Yongzhi Wang et al. May 23, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-53060-y

Lipid and glucose profiles in children and adolescents: associations with body composition and metabolic risk factors—a cross-sectional study

Scientific Reports Piotr Matłosz, Justyna Wyszyńska, Anna Bartosiewicz et al. May 23, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-53879-5

Abstract The increasing prevalence of obesity and metabolic disturbances among children and adolescents underscores the need to evaluate early risk factors. This study aimed to assess the associations between anthropometric indices, physical activity, sleep duration, and lipid and glucose profiles in a sample of Polish youth. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 308 school-aged children and adolescents (7–17 years) in southeastern Poland. Anthropometric parameters and body composition were measured using standardized protocols and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Physical activity and sleep were objectively monitored using ActiGraph accelerometers. Lipid and glucose profiles were obtained via fasting capillary blood samples. A substantial proportion of participants exhibited abnormal lipid levels: 20.8% had borderline or high total cholesterol, 25.6% had elevated triglycerides, and 34.7% had suboptimal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Over one-third were classified as overfat or with obesity. Stepwise logistic regression identified low muscle mass as a significant predictor of high triglycerides (OR = 0.20; p  < 0.001), and higher waist or hip circumference centiles were associated with low high-density lipoprotein levels. Only 25.5% of participants met physical activity recommendations, which was associated with lower triglyceride levels. Sleep duration did not significantly correlate with lipid or glucose outcomes. Dyslipidemia and excess adiposity are prevalent among Polish youth and are strongly associated with unfavorable body composition and low physical activity levels. Waist and hip circumferences emerged as important indicators of lipid risk. These findings highlight the importance of early prevention strategies targeting body composition and physical activity to mitigate long-term cardiometabolic risks.

Research and experiments on the performance optimization of hydraulic impact hammers

Scientific Reports Hu Chen, Boqiang Shi, Hui Guo et al. May 23, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-54483-3

Geospatial multi-scale GNN for urban food security in climate-stressed environments

Scientific Reports Geethamani Rajamani, Jaganathan Subramani May 23, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-53396-5

A detection method for dense emitters based on a separation and boundary-aware collaborative enhancement detection network

Scientific Reports Ziyi Zhang, Youchen Fan, Shunhu Hou et al. May 23, 2026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-54246-0