Browse Articles
Discover research articles across all indexed journals
Solvent Anchored Electrolytes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries Working at High Voltage and Wide Temperature
ABSTRACT Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) suffer from severe performance fading under coupled conditions of high voltage and wide temperature because cold retards Li + migration and desolvation kinetics while heat or high voltage exacerbates parasitic reactions and electrode destabilization. Herein, we propose a solvent‐anchored paradigm for electrolyte design via electrostatic potential matching to enable stable battery operation across the demanding voltage‐temperature matrix. The fine‐tuned electrolyte, which is composed of well‐matched dimethyltrifluoroacetamide solvent and fluorotoluene diluent, features a site‐specific solvation structure with anion‐dominated inner shell and solvent‐anchored outer cluster. This unique configuration facilitates fast Li + desolvation and robust interphase formation on both the lithium/graphite anode and LiCoO 2 cathode. Remarkably, the formulated electrolyte enables stable operation of graphite||LiCoO 2 full cells up to a charging voltage of 4.5 V from −60°C to 80°C, indicating its promising applicability to fortify LIB performance under harsh conditions.
A Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO)-derived AAGC Model for In-hospital Mortality Prediction in Sepsis Incorporating Age, APACHE II Score, Glasgow Coma Scale, and Creatinine: A Prospective Study
Interpretable and extrapolation-stable model for predicting nanofluid thermal conductivity
Abstract Accurate prediction of nanofluid thermal conductivity is essential for the design of advanced thermal systems; however, existing approaches often face a trade-off between predictive accuracy and physical interpretability. In this study, a physics-guided hybrid modeling framework is proposed by integrating a Generalized Additive Model (GAM) with a Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) to address this limitation. The proposed methodology combines a spline-based GAM to capture global thermophysical trends with a regularized boosting model to learn localized nonlinear corrections. A comprehensive preprocessing pipeline is implemented, including feature engineering, Box-Cox transformation for variance stabilization, and a Random Forest-based outlier detection strategy. The hybrid model is evaluated against several state-of-the-art machine learning methods, including Random Forest, Support Vector Regression, Gaussian Processes, Neural Networks, and Decision Trees. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves high predictive accuracy (RMSE $$\thickapprox 0.0048$$ W/mK) while maintaining physically consistent behavior across the studied domain. The model’s generalization capability is further validated using a Leave-One-Group-Out (LOGO) protocol, where it exhibits stable performance when predicting unseen base fluids. Additionally, the hybrid approach produces smooth and interpretable response profiles that align with known thermodynamic trends. These findings indicate that physics-guided hybrid modeling provides a balanced and reliable approach for thermophysical property prediction, offering improved interpretability without compromising predictive performance.
Achieving Multimodal Trainable Self‐Strengthening Elastomers Through Mechano‐Oxidative Synergistic Induced Crosslinking
ABSTRACT Mechanically induced radical crosslinking strategies for material self‐strengthening have been widely applied in soft robotics and impact protection. However, this mechanism predominantly relies on polymer chain scission to generate active radicals, necessitating large loads to initiate reactions. This often induces damage and fails to address low‐energy, precise reinforcement needs. Here, we introduce a mechano‐oxidative synergistic strategy by incorporating the mechanosensitive small molecule initiator triethylborane‐4‐methoxypyridine (TEB–MeOPy) into a block copolymer network. At only 0.15 MPa stress, mechanical force synergizes with ambient oxygen to convert TEB–MeOPy into active radicals that drive efficient, irreversible crosslinking in the solid‐state polymer, giving rise to an increment in mechanical strength for elastomers. This enables self‐reinforcement triggered by localized high stress fields, bypassing the need for global high stress activation. Moreover, predictions from our stress–crosslinking degree model match well with the system's dynamic evolution, enabling controlled self‐strengthening of the elastomer. The material exhibits superior responses under multimodal loading, surmounting environmental dependencies in solid‐state polymer and conventional high threshold constraints, offering fresh insights for mechanochemically driven next‐generation intelligent soft materials.
Author Response: Lung Ultrasound Protocols: From Diagnostic Expansion to Physiological Integration
First evidence of underground extractive tool use by chimpanzees in Kibale National Park, Uganda
Long‐Lived Luminescence Over an Ultra‐Broad Temperature Range via Sequential Exciplex and Chemiluminescence Pathways
ABSTRACT Persistent luminescent polymers have recently attracted significant research interest due to their tunable afterglow properties and flexible molecular design. However, these systems typically fail to exhibit long‐lived luminescence at elevated temperatures, primarily due to the rapid non‐radiative deactivation of triplet excitons and accelerated charge recombination. Herein, we report a relay strategy utilizing exciplexes and chemiluminescence that enables ultralong persistent luminescence across a broad temperature range (from 255 to 573 K). This can be facilely achieved by doping a dihydroacridine derivative into a polyethylene terephthalate matrix. The resulting flexible film exhibits a long exciplex emission (detectable after 32 h at room temperature), with a chemiluminescence that intensifies from 360 to 573 K and persists for over a month at 400 K. While these two luminescence modes exhibit opposite dependencies on temperature and oxygen, they share the same fundamental structural basis for achieving high performance: the design incorporating multiple isopropylidene bridges. Consequently, a switch between the two mechanisms occurs around 360 K, resulting in color‐tunable, ultra‐long persistent luminescence over a remarkably wide temperature range. This combination of properties paves the way for developing advanced optical materials for sensing and secure information technologies capable of operating in extreme environments.
Letter in Response to the Article: Network Meta-analysis of the Efficacy of Different Music Therapy Interventions for Delirium in Adult Intensive Care Unit Patients
Lightweight deep learning model for nonconvulsive status epilepticus diagnosis using EEG time–frequency analysis
Surface Polarity Reinforced Radicals Mediated C─N Coupling Towards Photoelectrochemical Synthesis of Energetic Nitro Compounds
ABSTRACT The direct synthesis of nitroaromatics from waste nitrogen sources represents a longstanding challenge in organic electrosynthesis, as prevailing heterogeneous C─N coupling pathways are kinetically and thermodynamically constrained to producing reduced nitrogen species. Herein, we report a photoelectrocatalytic strategy that bypasses these limitations by leveraging in situ‐generated nitrogen dioxide radicals (·NO 2 ) as homogeneous nitrating agents. Using a BiVO4 photoanode and nitrite as a sustainable nitrogen feedstock, ·NO 2 radicals mediate the direct C─H nitration of benzene via a radical aromatic substitution mechanism, obviating the need for reactant co‐adsorption. By engineering a polar interfacial layer on the photoanode, the local concentration of nitrite was remarkably enhanced, thereby boosting ·NO2 generation and enabling efficient coupling even under practically relevant dilute conditions (5 mM NO 2 − ). The optimized photoanode achieves a 29.6‐fold enhancement in p‐dinitrobenzene production rate over the unmodified BiVO4 and the scaled system further demonstrated a p‐DNB production rate of ∼58 µmol·h −1 with near exclusive selectivity and exceptional operational stability. This work establishes a waste valorization and sustainable platform for the synthesis of nitroaromatics from ambient conditions.
Widely linear precoding with interference exploitation for improper signals in MU-MISO systems
Converting 1,1‐Bisborylalkanes into 1,2‐Bisborylalkanes Enabled by Iron Ligand‐to‐Metal Charge Transfer (LMCT) Photocatalysis
ABSTRACT We report herein a strategy to convert 1,1‐bisborylalkanes into 1,2‐bisborylalkanes through iron ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) photocatalysis. Under the optimized conditions, 1,1‐bisborylalkanes undergo hydrogen atom abstraction to generate an initial radical intermediate. Subsequent radical‐induced 1,2‐boryl group migration furnishes an open‐shell species that is more stable thermodynamically. The resulting carbon‐centered radical can be intercepted by electron‐deficient alkenes, affording a range of synthetically useful 1,2‐bisborylalkanes.
A serious game for assessing upper-limb visuomotor adaptation in children with cerebral palsy during reaching tasks in virtual reality
Abstract Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common non-progressive neurodevelopmental disorder, associated with impairments in motor control, posture, and adaptability. Understanding how patients with CP adapt to different task demands is essential to design effective assessment and rehabilitation tools. The aim of this study is to provide a detailed characterization of the movement patterns observed between a group of patients with CP and a Control Group, with the goal of identifying specific motor control features that may influence adaptability in several mapping conditions of the game. A cohort of 15 individuals with CP and 10 controls performed game-based tasks under varying mapping conditions. Kinematic and performance metrics were extracted and analyzed to quantify differences in motor strategies, variability, and adaptability across groups. Patients with CP showed distinct movement patterns compared to controls, particularly in adaptability metrics. The adaptability of motor control was influenced by the mapping condition, revealing group-specific limitations. This study highlights characteristic motor control features in CP that influence adaptability to task constraints. These findings may inform the development of personalized rehabilitation protocols and adaptive game-based interventions for motor training.
Solvent‐Induced Covalent Bond Softening Boosts Battery Voltage
ABSTRACT Increasing cell voltage is a key strategy for enhancing the energy density of lithium batteries. Previously, this was mainly achieved by adjusting the redox potentials of transition‐metal‐based cathode materials through inductive effects that altered the covalency of metal—oxygen bonds. Here, we present a novel strategy for increasing battery voltage that consists of acting on the redox potential of the electrochemically active electrode through charge transfer with the electrolyte. To demonstrate this new concept, we used CF x ‐type electrodes, which are found in commercial primary batteries, and successfully achieved an impressive increase in redox potential of over 250 mV. This was done by increasing the ionicity of the C─F bond via a lactam‐based electrolyte with high electron‐donating capability. This finding, which was extended to other electrodes, namely I 2 , was rationalized through an array of analytical techniques and computational methods. Contrary to common belief, we clearly demonstrate that the electrolyte itself can significantly impact the bulk redox properties of electrodes, such as voltage. The new proposed inductive effect, driven by interactions between the solvent and the redox center, opens up new avenues of research in chemical bond regulation. It would also be highly valuable in energy‐related systems, including electrocatalyst and beyond.
Development and external validation of a machine learning–based Cox model for predicting in-hospital survival in classic heatstroke: a multicenter retrospective study
Interfacial Energetics Reconstruction via Bridging Engineering for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
ABSTRACT Energy losses at perovskite/C 60 interface, stemming from energetic mismatch due to suboptimal interfacial contact, critically restricts the performance and stability of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we introduce nitromethyl phenyl sulfone (NMePS) to comprehensively optimize interfacial states, thereby minimizing energy losses of devices. Leveraging the bridging effect, NMePS not only significantly reduces the trap state density in perovskite films, but also yields a superior morphology conducive to subsequent C 60 deposition. More importantly, NMePS provides additional π–π interaction sites and modulates the chemical state of C 60 to promote the uniform dispersion and compact stacking of C 60 electron transport layer (ETL). The resulting perovskite/C 60 interface also enables favorable energy alignment through tailoring the electronic properties, which further optimizes charge transport dynamics. Thus, the inherent interfacial nonradiative recombination is effectively suppressed via interfacial energetic reconstruction, leading to significantly mitigated performance degradation. Consequently, NMePS‐modified devices achieve efficiencies of 26.87% (0.045 cm 2 ) and 25.06% (1.00 cm 2 ), while demonstrating exceptional long‐term stability ( T 90 > 2600 h, 30°C), thermal stability ( T 80 > 500 h, 85°C) and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) stability ( T 90 > 1200 h, 30°C). Encouragingly, the 655.2 cm 2 active‐area solar module with NMePS modification delivers a remarkable efficiency of 19.28%, demonstrating its tremendous potential for up‐scaling.
Integrating BERT-XL with multi-dimensional knowledge graphs for knowledge completion and relation reasoning in archival fragmented texts
Palladium/Photoredox‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling for Glycoconjugation
ABSTRACT Glycoconjugation—the installation of sugar moieties onto molecular targets—represents a powerful strategy for modulating biological functions, yet the intrinsic structural intricacy of both carbohydrate donors and aglycone acceptors has long rendered this endeavor a formidable synthetic hurdle. Although the Pd‐catalyzed allylic substitution is widely exploited to build complex frameworks, its use in glycoconjugation remains scarce. Here we disclose a visible‐light‐driven, Pd(0)‐catalyzed, three‐component coupling that assembles elaborate glycoconjugates. The protocol employs readily accessible, bench‐stable ortho‐iodobiphenyl S ‐glycosides as glycosyl donors, and proceeds through glycosyl radical intermediates. The Pd(0) catalyst serves dual roles: it liberates glycosyl radicals from the S ‐glycosides and converts these radicals, together with 1,3‐butadiene, into closed‐shell allyl‐Pd electrophiles. Capture of these allyl‐Pd complexes by diverse nucleophiles delivers the corresponding glycoconjugates. The transformation, showcasing a strategy to deploy the Pd‐catalyzed allylic substitution in glycoconjugation, exhibits broad functional‐group compatibility and enables late‐stage modification of oligopeptides and bioactive small molecules. Experimental studies provide insights into the reaction mechanism and elucidate the origin of glycosyl radicals.