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Detection of previously undiagnosed conditions in midlife preventive health examinations

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of previously undocumented suspected diagnoses identified during preventive health examinations in middle-aged adults, and to examine their associations with clinical and behavioral factors. In this cross-sectional study, 1,040 adults aged 45–59 years underwent preventive clinical examinations comprising self-reported medical histories, anamneses, previous medical records, and laboratory tests (LDL cholesterol, blood pressure, HbA1c, TSH). Suspected diagnoses were defined by clinical thresholds (e.g., LDL > 116 mg/dl, hypertension ≥ 140/90 mmHg, HbA1c > 6.0%). Multivariable logistic regression analyzed associations between multiple variables and the three binary outcomes, any suspected diagnosis of hypertension and elevated cholesterol. The mean age of participants was 52.93 years (sd = 4.17), with 61% male (n = 631). In total, 421 (41%) had at least one newly identified suspected diagnosis. The most frequent findings were elevated LDL cholesterol (n = 287, 28%) and hypertension (n = 93, 9%). Male sex was associated with higher odds of any suspected diagnosis (OR: 1.42; 95%-CI: 1.09–1.85) and having hypertension (OR: 2.24; 95%-CI: 1.31–3.99). BMI was associated with hypertension (OR: 1.15; 95%-CI: 1.08–1.21) and showed a weak association with elevated cholesterol (OR: 1.04; 95%-CI: 1.00–1.08). A recent blood test was linked to lower odds of any suspected findings (OR: 0.65; 95%-CI: 0.50–0.84). No consistent associations were observed for lifestyle factors. A family history of dyslipidemia was associated with elevated cholesterol (OR: 1.55; 95%-CI: 1.01–2.40). Preventive health screenings can reveal a substantial number of previously undiagnosed conditions, particularly among individuals with limited healthcare contact or elevated risk. The findings suggest that such screenings may offer a significant value for targeted risk groups in midlife. Further research should evaluate long-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness.

Intermolecular β-sheet Formation Guides the Interaction between Ubiquitin-like Modifier FAT10 and Adapter Protein NUB1L

Correction: Synthesis of a metal–organic framework with red mud for organic pollutant adsorption using response surface methodology for sustainable chemistry

Promoting Heterogeneous Nickel Catalysis with Surface-Atomically Dispersed Tungstate Species

Progression-free survival as a potential surrogate endpoint for overall survival after conversion therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (GUIDANCE008)

Silymarin conserves the efficacy of quinolone and sulfonamide in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) subjected to aflatoxicosis and Streptococcus agalactiae infection

Abstract Aflatoxins (AFB) are adventitious plant toxins that act as immunosuppressants. Experimental Nile tilapia were divided into eight groups: AFB0 (control, uncontaminated diet), AFB50 (50 ppbAFB 1 ), AFB100 (100 ppbAFB 1 ), AFB150 (150 ppbAFB 1 ), AFB0 + Sil (0 ppbAFB 1 +Sil), AFB50 + Sil (50 ppbAFB 1 +Sil), AFB100 + Sil (100 ppbAFB 1 +Sil), and AFB150 + Sil (150 ppbAFB 1 +Sil). The AFB 1 -residues in fish liver (AFB0, AFB50, AFB100, and AFB150) were 0.34, 0.54, and 0.82 ppb, respectively, while traces were recorded in muscles. Sil-supplemented fish had lower residues than other contaminated groups, which were still higher than AFB0. The gene expression of GPx , SOD , IL-1β , and TNF-α was significantly and linearly decreased with increasing aflatoxin levels, whereas Sil-supplementation (AFB50 + Sil) resulted in a high and significant increase of 3.86, 5.37, and 7.85 fold-change, respectively, compared with the fish groups and the control. While, CAT expression increased in response to a low aflatoxin level (AFB50; 2.17-fold-change), it decreased linearly with increasing aflatoxin level. Moreover, IL-10 expression was significantly higher in fish of AFB100 and AFB150, with 8.7- and 8.85-fold changes, respectively, compared to the control. Significant declines in immunoglobulin (Ig)M-2 and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) gene expression were observed in fish receiving AFB 1 -contaminated diets and Sil could enhance the expression. Innate immunity of the experimental fish was assessed by measuring the following parameters; serum antibacterial activity (SAB), oxidative burst activity (OBA), phagocytic activity (PA), phagocytic index (PI), and lysozyme (LYZ) as well as by challenge with Streptococcus agalactiae . Nile tilapia fed AFB 1 -contaminated diets showed immune-antioxidant suppressive status, indicating compromised health and a lowered survival rate (SR%) during bacterial challenge and antibiotic treatment Sil-supplementation could improve SR%.

Energy Transfer-Enabled Photocycloaddition of Oxazino Pyridines with Vinyl Azides to Access <i>Meta</i> -Functionalized Pyridines

Soluble PD-L1-secreting umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells transiently attenuate established xenogeneic T cell activation in vivo

Altered Intracellular Trafficking as a Mechanism for Prolonged Duration of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Activation

Electrolyte abnormalities and clinical outcomes in heart failure patients: a retrospective cohort study using MIMIC-IV database

Abstract Electrolyte abnormalities commonly complicate heart failure management, yet their prognostic significance and optimal monitoring strategies remain incompletely characterized. We examined the prevalence, temporal patterns, and clinical outcomes associated with electrolyte abnormalities in hospitalized heart failure patients. Retrospective cohort study of 30,678 heart failure patients (80,408 admissions) from the MIMIC-IV database (2008–2022). Clinically significant electrolyte abnormalities (CSEA) were defined as patients whose potassium remained consistently &lt; 3.5 or &gt; 5.0 mEq/L, or whose sodium remained consistently &lt; 135 or &gt; 145 mEq/L throughout all measurements during hospitalization. Primary outcomes were 30-day all-cause readmission and mortality. We developed a clinical risk score incorporating electrolyte abnormalities and examined temporal electrolyte patterns. CSEA occurred in 950 patients (3.1%) in the full cohort, of whom 713 (2.3%) survived to discharge and constituted the primary analysis cohort for post-discharge outcomes. Patients with abnormalities had paradoxically lower 30-day readmission (3.9% vs 15.3%; adjusted HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.21–0.40) but substantially higher mortality (15.4% vs 7.0%; adjusted HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.57–2.38), reflecting competing mortality risk. Individual electrolyte abnormalities were independently associated with mortality: hypokalemia HR 1.45 (1.28–1.65), hyperkalemia HR 1.67 (1.48–1.89), hyponatremia HR 1.34 (1.19–1.51). Temporal analysis revealed biphasic patterns—initial correction followed by recurrence—identified the highest-risk subset (composite event rates 27.6% for potassium, 28.5% for sodium). A five-variable risk score (electrolyte abnormality, age ≥ 75, chronic kidney disease, multiple admissions, coronary artery disease) achieved C-statistic 0.593. CSEA are independently associated with mortality in heart failure patients despite paradoxically lower readmission rates due to competing risks. Biphasic electrolyte patterns identify particularly high-risk patients. Simple risk stratification using routinely collected electrolyte data may enhance post-discharge risk prediction and inform targeted monitoring strategies.

Low-valent Iridium Enables “Outer-Sphere” Radical–Radical Coupling in Photoinduced Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation

A cross-sectional assessment of the quality and reliability of sleep disorder information on Douyin (TikTok in China)

Abstract Short-video platforms such as TikTok have become significant sources of health information, particularly among younger populations. However, the quality and reliability of health-related content on these platforms remain a concern. This investigation examines the current landscape of sleep disorder information on Douyin (TikTok in China). To evaluate the quality, trustworthiness, and thematic completeness of sleep disorder-related short videos on Douyin (TikTok in China). We conducted a cross-sectional study by retrieving the top 200 videos from Douyin using a combination of three Chinese keywords (“睡眠障碍” [sleep disorders], “失眠” [insomnia], and“睡眠” [sleep]). The top 200 videos from each keyword search were pooled. After removing duplicate listings, commercial advertisements, and off-topic videos, 154 videos were included in our final study. Engagement metrics—including likes, comments, favorites, and shares—were collected to quantify the influence of the short videos. The quality of these videos was evaluated using the modified DISCERN instrument, the JAMA benchmark criteria, the Global Quality Scale (GQS), and a content-specific tool designed to assess six key domains. Double-blinded assessments were performed. Most videos were created by healthcare professionals. Overall quality was moderate (median scores: GQS = 2, JAMA = 2, mDISCERN = 2). Notable content gaps were identified: 34.4% lacked information on detection, 40.3% provided minimal treatment details, and 52.6% omitted outcomes. Videos from healthcare professionals scored significantly higher ( p  &lt; 0.05). Engagement metrics correlated positively with quality scores. Sleep disorder-related content on Douyin (TikTok in China) is of moderate quality, with professional sources demonstrating superior reliability, suggesting the need for greater efforts to standardize health-related content on such platforms. Strengthening content verification and encouraging professional involvement are essential.

A Novel Amidation Reaction Couples Siderophore Bait with the SB-217452 Warhead to Complete the Biosynthesis of the Trojan-Horse Antibiotic Albomycin δ ₂

Adaptive super-twisting sliding mode control for robust tracking of wearable PAM-driven robotic manipulator

Cyclo- <i>para</i> -azulenes: Segments of Metallic Nonalternant Carbon Nanotubes

The influence of potassium post-deposition treatments on grain boundaries and surfaces of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorbers

Abstract Alkali metal post-deposition treatments (PDTs) have played a pivotal role in the development of high-efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 thin film solar cells. The PDTs impact the near-surface region of the absorbers, the grain boundaries, and the bulk. Since Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 solar cells are polycrystalline, the investigations turn out to be very challenging as each grain/grain boundary is affected slightly differently by the PDTs. Therefore, we synthesized Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 absorbers on microcrystalline GaAs substrates to form millimeter-sized epitaxial domains with well-defined grain boundaries. This model system allows us to study the same surface orientation and grain boundary before and after PDTs. We find strong preferential (112) facets and Cu depletion on the surface, with the grain boundaries exhibiting very similar Cu-depleted compositions. After K deposition and annealing, Cu is pushed into the absorber, leaving a K-rich compound at the near-surface. Furthermore, we find different diffusion rates of K through the grain interior and via the grain boundaries. The exchange of Cu with K at the surface also occurs at the grain boundaries as measured with atom probe tomography. High-resolution KPFM measurements performed on the same grain boundary before and after PDT treatment show almost negligible grain boundary band bending. Cu-depleted K-rich area at the surface and grain boundaries exhibit very similar compositions, which gives rise to small band bending values. Our results give an unprecedented view of the mechanisms that occur at the surface, grain boundaries, and the bulk of CIGSe solar cells, paving the way to further develop the materials and improve the power conversion efficiency.

A Global Ligandability Map of Tryptoline Butynamide Stereoprobes Identifies Covalent Inhibitors of the Actin Maturation Protease

Evolution of moral expression in song lyrics

Abstract This study examines the evolution of moral expressions in popular music lyrics over six decades. Using the WASABI dataset (1960-2010) and Billboard year-end charting songs (1960-2023), we analyse temporal trends in moral narratives across artist genders and musical genres. Transformer-based language models fine-tuned for moral foundation prediction were applied to quantify ten moral dimensions derived from Moral Foundations Theory. Our findings reveal an increase in moral vices (e.g., Harm, Cheating, Subversion), and a decline in expressions of moral virtues (e.g., Care, Purity), alongside a rise in negative sentiment, anger, and disgust. We show that moral dimensions can be inferred by lyrical cues, such as thematic content, sentiment, and emotion, with predictive accuracy improving notably when models are trained on specific music genres. These findings reveal that shifts in lyrical morality co-occur with broader societal changes in values and identity, underscoring how popular music may serve as a cultural barometer for evolving moral norms.

Functionally Regulating the Oxygen Defects in High-Entropy Oxide Catalysts for Reverse Water–Gas Shift Conversion

A combined experimental and DEM study on the mechanical and failure characteristics of fissured sandstone under complex stress conditions