Browse Articles

TDP-43 oxidation and PP1 crosstalk at RNA granule-mitochondria contact sites

Infrared thermographic emissivity of heat generated during enamel versus dentin preparation: a linear regression model

Abstract The preparation of dental cavities generates heat through friction that can affect the internal structure of the tooth, especially the dentin. This study explores the infrared thermal emissivity in enamel and dentin, with and without irrigation, using different types of rotary burs to identify safer practices during dental procedures. An in vitro experimental study was developed following the CRIS Guidelines in the Orthodontics Laboratory at UNFV. Human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons ( n  = 20 per group) were used and randomly assigned to conditions with or without irrigation in the enamel and dentin. The cavities were prepared with round and cylindrical burs using a KaVo high-speed turbine. The surface temperatures were recorded with a Fluke TiS55 + thermal imaging camera, calibrated and focused at 1 m. Statistical analysis included Student’s t-tests and multiple linear regression models in Stata 17.0. Dentin without the use of irrigation had a higher thermal emissivity than enamel (up to 39.5 °C compared to enamel 32.05 °C), indicating that dentin has greater sensitivity to friction. Irrigation was able to reduce the temperature to approximately 22 °C in both tissues with no significant difference between bur types. The statistical model demonstrated that for every 1 °C increase in enamel temperature, dentin temperature rose by an additional 0.40 °C ( p  < 0.05). In contrast, variations in bur geometry did not exert a significant influence on dentin heat generation, underscoring that tissue response was primarily driven by thermal transfer rather than instrument design. Irrigation demonstrated strong efficacy as a thermal regulator, significantly reducing dentin temperature during cavity preparation. These results underscore the critical role of irrigation in preserving the integrity of internal dental tissues—particularly in clinical scenarios where direct cooling is not applied.

Targeting fibroblast TXNDC5 resolves tumor desmoplasia and PD-1 resistance in colorectal cancer with mesenchymal traits

A novel method for estimating the atmospheric turbulence vertical structure using coherent doppler wind lidar data from cone scanning

A pegivirus associated with encephalitis in red-legged partridges shows neurotropism across avian species

Abstract Pegiviruses are generally regarded as non-pathogenic viruses with controversial clinical significance. Here, we describe an avian pegivirus (partridge pegivirus, ParPgV) associated with field outbreaks of encephalitis in red-legged partridges ( Alectoris rufa ). Next-generation sequencing identified ParPgV in brain tissues, revealing two distinct avian-origin pegiviruses. Histopathology and electron microscopy revealed encephalitic lesions, neuronal degeneration, and viral particles within neurons. Field surveillance demonstrated widespread vertical transmission across multiple partridge flocks. Experimental inoculation of red-legged partridges, grey partridges, and specific-pathogen-free chickens demonstrated viral neurotropism and systemic distribution with differences in humoral immune response. Infected red-legged partridges developed cerebellar atrophy detectable by MRI. Detection of negative-strand RNA replication intermediates confirmed active viral replication across different experimental hosts, and RNAscope in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry further confirmed viral RNA and antigen in neural and lymphoid tissues. Here, we show experimental evidence supporting an association between a pegivirus and encephalitis, and suggest underappreciated neuropathogenic potential.

Evaluating chest-worn light logger adherence: development and application of a wear/non-wear model

Genome scale CRISPRi reveals both shared and strain-specific vulnerabilities in genetically diverse drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A systematic evaluation of transformer-based architectures for fake news detection in the low-resource Burmese language

Atypical B cells and inflammatory profiles delineate immunity to influenza vaccination in First Nations and non-Indigenous people with chronic multimorbidity

Abstract Indigenous people are disproportionately impacted by influenza viruses and chronic multimorbidity. Yet, the impact of comorbidities on immunity towards influenza vaccination is unknown. We recruited Australian First Nations and non-Indigenous people vaccinated with seasonal inactivated influenza vaccines and assessed their humoral and cellular responses in the context of comorbidities at baseline and after immunisation. Our study highlights prevalence of multimorbidity in First Nations people, associated with elevated baseline cellular activation, pro-inflammatory cytokines and agalactosylated IgG. Following vaccination, all groups had increased antibody titres and haemagglutinin-specific IgD - B-cell frequencies as compared to baseline. However, we reveal increased prevalence of pro-inflammatory atypical B cells within influenza haemagglutinin-specific IgD - B cells and lack of significant circulating T follicular helper type-1 cell activation in individuals with comorbidities, correlating with multimorbidity-associated baseline inflammatory features. Our findings thus reveal that vaccinees with comorbidities, both Australian First Nations and non-Indigenous participants, can mount antibody responses following influenza vaccination, although their cellular immune features, haemagglutinin-specific IgD - B cells and cT FH 1 compartments, display features of perturbed humoral axis functionality linked to multimorbidity-associated inflammation and IgG glycosylation patterns at baseline. Our study supports influenza vaccination for individuals with comorbidities, especially relevant to Indigenous populations with prevalent multimorbidity.

Influence of siderite aggregate substitution on chloride resistance, durability, and gamma-ray shielding of heavy concrete

AMC-F1 regulates mitochondria-autophagy crosstalk independent of nutrient stress

Dual effects of soil conditioners on wheat yield and soil properties in southern henan

Abstract Aimed at addressing the constraints of farmland soil acidification on soil health and crop productivity in southern Henan Province, this study investigated the comprehensive ameliorative effects of different soil conditioners and identified the optimal amendment strategy. Based on a continuous fixed-point field experiment conducted from 2023 to 2025, treatments including NB (nitrogen fertilizer + biochar), NL (nitrogen fertilizer + lime), NM (nitrogen fertilizer + microbial fertilizer), NC (nitrogen fertilizer + calcium magnesium fertilizer), and controls were established. Crop yield, biomass, yield components, soil pH, ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻-N), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), soil organic carbon (SOC), aggregate size distribution, and rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities were measured, and Spearman correlation analysis together was employed to link soil properties with microbial taxa and to reveal yield regulation pathways. The results indicated that the NB treatment exhibited the most pronounced comprehensive improvement: it achieved a grain yield of 8.38 t·ha⁻¹ (46.5% higher than the control), increased thousand grain weight by 12.3%, raised soil pH by 15.8% (from 3.49 to 4.04), and significantly increased soil NH₄⁺-N and NO₃⁻-N contents while maintaining stable available nitrogen supply, as well as significantly enhanced AP (40%), AK (85.6%), and SOC (33.1%). The proportion of macro- and meso- aggregates (0.25–2 mm) reached 19.06%, and fungal richness was notably increased, with key soil physicochemical indicators strongly correlated with specific microbial genera. Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) further revealed that SOC exerted opposite regulatory effects on bacterial and fungal communities. The superior performance of NB is attributed to its multi pathway synergistic regulation—chemical pH buffering, physical structure improvement, nutrient retention especially for available nitrogen, and biological stimulation—achieving comprehensive and stable amelioration. Biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer (NB) is the optimal amendment strategy for acidic soils in southern Henan, providing scientific evidence for the application of organic carbon conditioners in the management of acidified farmland.

Gate-tunable giant negative magnetoresistance in tellurene driven by quantum geometry

Abstract Negative magnetoresistance in conventional two-dimensional electron gases is a well known phenomenon, but its origin in complex and topological materials endowed with nontrivial quantum geometry remains elusive. Here, we report a giant negative magnetoresistance reaching  −90% of the zero-field resistance, R 0 , in n -type tellurene films. The effect persists up to 35 T at cryogenic temperatures and is suppressed when the chemical potential moves away from the conduction-band Weyl node, suggesting a quantum geometric origin. We propose two mechanisms: quantum geometric enhancement of diffusion and a magnetoelectric spin interaction that locks the spin of a cyclotron-moving Weyl fermion, in the presence of an intrinsic inversion-breaking polar field $${{\boldsymbol{{\mathcal{E}}}}}$$ E and an applied magnetic field B , to its guiding-center drift, $$({{\boldsymbol{{\mathcal{E}}}}}\times {{{\bf{B}}}})\cdot \sigma$$ ( E × B ) ⋅ σ . The resulting diffusion enhancement yields $$\Delta {R}_{zz}/{R}_{0}=-{\beta }_{g}{({{\boldsymbol{{\mathcal{E}}}}}\times {{{\bf{B}}}})}^{2}$$ Δ R z z / R 0 = − β g ( E × B ) 2 , with β g set by the quantum metric. Our findings establish a quantum geometric, non-Markovian memory effect in magnetotransport.

Translation, cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Slovene version of the Heart Failure-Specific Health Literacy Scale in patients with heart failure

A chemoproteomic atlas of the human purine interactome for regioselective ligand discovery

Machine learning-based prediction of global solid waste generation and composition

Stress granule phase separation in stress-responsive cytosolic extract-in-oil droplets

Abstract Stress granules (SGs) are biomolecular condensates that form transiently in the cytosol of mammalian cells in response to stress. Dysregulation of their assembly or disassembly is implicated in human age-related diseases. While phase separation is the key process underlying SG assembly, understanding of their function, composition and regulation in response to physiological stimuli is limited. This knowledge gap reflects the challenge of gaining comprehensive and quantitative insights into the dynamic regulation of the complex composition of SGs at the single-cell level. Here we present an emulsion-based microfluidics method to overcome this limitation. “Cytosolic extracts-in-oil droplets” (CEODs) recreate a confined active cytosolic milieu that undergoes phase separation and SG formation in response to stress under physiological conditions. This approach led to the discovery of seven previously unrecognised SG components involved in signalling pathways. CEODs provide a versatile and cost-effective screening platform for future mechanistic and therapeutic studies.

A longitudinal evaluation of a four-level practical engineering education framework based on OBE-CDIO principles

Asymmetric alloying for heterogeneous metal-ion clusters of chiral-at-carbon CAuI4AgI6 polyhedra exhibiting red to near-infrared photoluminescence

A multi-mechanism chaotic evolution approach for 3D path planning of UAVs

Abstract 3D UAV path planning intends to produce safe, feasible, and optimized flight trajectories in complex 3D environments containing multiple obstacles and coupled constraints. Nevertheless, many existing optimization approaches encounter difficulties when dealing with high-dimensional constrained search spaces, since limited population diversity and premature convergence can significantly reduce optimization effectiveness. To overcome these issues, this paper presents an improved chaotic evolution optimization (ICEO) algorithm that combines several collaborative optimization strategies. Initially, a good point set initialization method is introduced to enhance the uniformity and diversity of the initial population distribution. Subsequently, a multi-scale gradient memory mechanism is developed to provide adaptive search guidance by utilizing historical evolutionary information. In addition, an adaptive Lévy flight strategy is incorporated to enhance global exploration capability while balancing exploration and exploitation performance in a more effective manner. Experimental assessments on the CEC benchmark functions show that ICEO achieves competitive convergence precision and stable optimization behavior in comparison with several representative metaheuristic algorithms. Moreover, in simulated 3D UAV path planning scenarios, the proposed approach can produce feasible, smooth, and comparatively efficient flight trajectories under multiple coupled constraints. These findings suggest that the proposed method has promising potential for constrained trajectory optimization tasks in complex 3D environments.