Browse Articles

Validation and prognostic stratification limitations of the 8th AJCC ypTNM staging system in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy: A multicenter retrospective study

Multi-scale structural engineering enables ultra-strong and tough eutectogels

Dual‐ <i>Sabatier</i> Optima: How Reaction Mechanism Determines Activity Volcano Map of Dual‐Atom Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

ABSTRACT Dual‐atom catalysts (DACs) have demonstrated superior potential in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the single‐peak activity volcano derived from classical associative mechanism is contrast to the large‐scale experimental data from the Digital Catalysis Platform ( DigCat ). Herein, we studied ORR over 200 DACs from thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives, and found that the dissociative mechanism is generally dominant for DACs. By integrating potential‐related microkinetic modeling and machine learning (ML)‐derived interpretable structural descriptors, we discovered a dual‐ Sabatier optima volcano map against Δ G (OH*) (or structural descriptors), which was rigorously validated against available experimental data. Dual‐ Sabatier optima stem from the rate‐determining step of dissociative mechanism switching among three elementary reactions (O 2 dissociation → 2OH protonation → OH protonation), which can be extended across DACs containing transition metal, metal‐like, and non‐metal elements as center atoms. It opens a brand‐new perspective for rational design of DACs and atomically dispersed catalysts for other reactions beyond ORR, of which the dominant reaction mechanism may be different from single‐atom catalysts (SACs) and lead to diverse activity volcano maps. Most importantly, this work illustrates that new phenomenon can be identified from “old experimental data” under a large data scale, with the help of theoretical simulations integrated with interpretable ML .

Population thermal regime modulates the response of the agarophyte Gelidium corneum to marine heatwaves

Reinforcement learning in linear embedding space unlocks generalizable control across soft robot configurations

Regio‐ and Site‐Selective Organic Synthesis With Single‐Atom Catalysts

ABSTRACT Organic synthesis underpins the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and advanced materials. A key challenge is to selectively transform a specific region or site within a molecule while suppressing competing pathways, as different regio‐ and site‐isomers often show distinct properties and increase separation costs. Most strategies to achieve such control rely on homogeneous metal–ligand complexes, where selectivity is regulated through ligand design. Yet, in practice, once an effective ligand framework is identified, optimization often depends on substituent‐group modification, which allows only a relatively narrow tuning range of the electronic environment. Moreover, both ligand design and substituent modification require significant synthetic effort and extensive screening, making such tuning time‐consuming and economically demanding. By contrast, as heterogeneous catalysts, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are readily separated and recycled, and they provide complementary support‐derived handles for regio‐ and site‐selectivity control, including a confined microenvironment around isolated sites and wider‐window electronic‐structure tuning through metal–support interactions. Such control has enabled highly regio‐ and site‐selective hydroformylation, hydrosilylation, hydroboration, hydrophosphinylation, hydrogenation, azide–alkyne click chemistry, carbenoid insertion, hydrogen–deuterium exchange, and difunctionalization of alkenes. In this review, we summarize recent advances in these SACs‐catalyzed transformations, discuss the underlying principles of selectivity control, and outline future opportunities.

Contra‐Diffusion Engineering of Single‐Atom Catalytic Interlayers Enables Reversible Sulfur Redox Chemistry

ABSTRACT Achieving durable lithium–sulfur batteries with minimal catalyst loading remains challenging, particularly for interlayer designs where catalytic efficiency is often compromised by nonuniform active‐site utilization. Here we demonstrate that diffusion‐regulated precursor growth enables the construction of atomically dispersed Co–N x catalytic sites within a freestanding aramid nanofiber‐derived carbon interlayer. By synchronizing the bidirectional diffusion of metal ions and ligands, this process enforces spatially confined nucleation and homogeneous precursor evolution, yielding a uniformly accessible single‐atom catalytic architecture while preserving the intrinsic fibrous conduction network. The resulting interlayer simultaneously enhances polysulfide anchoring, accelerates bidirectional sulfur redox kinetics, and regulates Li 2 S nucleation and dissolution, as directly revealed by in situ Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical analyses. As a consequence, the system delivers exceptional cycling stability under high‐rate operation despite a low Co loading, highlighting the importance of diffusion‐regulated catalytic architectures for efficient sulfur redox regulation in lithium–sulfur batteries.

Integrative machine learning and multi-omics analysis reveals ATIC as a promoter of hepatocellular carcinoma progression

Navigating polymorph generation and distilled-potential development via entropy-symmetry landscapes for metal plasticity mechanisms

High‐Throughput Single‐Cell‐Resolved Spatial Proteomics Enabled by an Ordered Colloidal Crystal Column

ABSTRACT Spatial proteomics is essential to elucidate biological function and pathogenesis, for which nanoLC–MS coupled with tissue microdissection is a powerful tool. However, the throughput is limited by the time‐consuming nanoLC–MS analysis of numerous microdissected slices. Herein, to boost the throughput of spatial proteomics, an ordered colloidal crystal column was developed for fast nanoLC–MS analysis of microdissected slices with low‐input amounts, down to single‐cell resolution. Contributed by a highly ordered arrangement of 800 nm colloidal particles, the column efficiency reached 2 560 000 plates·m −1 , 10‐fold higher than that of commonly used sub‐2‐µm particle packed columns, enabling robust and rapid peptide separation. With such a column, high‐throughput nanoLC–MS analysis was achieved, as demonstrated by the identification of 5942 and 4388 proteins from 250 pg HeLa digests using 5‐ and 2‐min gradients, respectively. More notably, the column exhibited exceptional performance in single‐cell spatial proteomics, enabling the identification of up to 2304 proteins from a single hepatocyte slice within only a 5‐min gradient. Even under an ultrarapid 2‐min gradient, up to 1292 proteins were identified from single‐cell slices, which is 16 times faster than conventional methods. All these results demonstrated great promise of the colloidal crystal column for high‐throughput spatial proteomics with single‐cell resolution.

Retraction Note: A hybrid LSTM random forest model with grey wolf optimization for enhanced detection of multiple bearing faults

TMEM63B regulates nucleocytoplasmic transport and placental development

Multicomponent C−H Activation/Annulation Polymerizations Toward Structurally Regular Polyelectrolytes With Light‐Boosted Antibacterial Potency

ABSTRACT C−H activation/annulation polymerization (CAAP) has emerged as a powerful synthetic tool toward heteroaromatic polyelectrolytes, but its broader application is severely limited by the regioisomerization issues arising from the use of asymmetric diyne monomers. Access to structurally regular heteroaromatic polyelectrolytes via CAAP reactions is highly desirable yet remains challenging. In this study, we develop a one‐pot multicomponent CAAP strategy that intrinsically circumvents regioisomerization by employing symmetric and monofunctional internal alkynes as comonomers to polymerize with aromatic dialdehydes and diamines. A series of structurally well‐defined polyelectrolytes featuring multiaryl‐substituted dibenzo[ a , f ]quinolizium units were in situ generated with high molecular weights (absolute M w up to 224700 g/mol) in good yields (up to 91.2%). The resulting polyelectrolytes exhibited excellent solubility and readily tunable photophysical properties, with fluorescence emission extending to the first near‐infrared region. Moreover, these structurally regular conjugated polyelectrolytes exhibit synergistic photothermal and photodynamic effects, achieving potent light‐enhanced antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, including drug‐resistant strains. This work provides a versatile polymerization platform for the precise synthesis of diverse functional polyelectrolytes with promising applications in optoelectronics and antimicrobial therapeutics.

Stabilization and solidification of iron ore tailings using alkali-activated geopolymer

Ultrastructural diversity and subcellular organization of nigral Lewy pathology in Parkinson’s disease

Abstract Lewy bodies, the defining pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease, are intraneuronal inclusions enriched in aggregated alpha-synuclein (αSyn). We used correlative light and electron microscopy to selectively investigate phosphorylated αSyn (αSyn pS129 )-positive inclusions in the substantia nigra of end-stage postmortem Parkinson’s disease brain. Here we show that somatic αSyn pS129 inclusions in nigral dopaminergic neurons are consistently fibrillar, whereas the membranous-type inclusions are restricted to neuritic processes. These neuritic inclusions displayed marked ultrastructural heterogeneity, ranging from predominantly membranous to mixed membranous-fibrillar forms. The selective targeting of defined inclusions enabled detailed structural characterization of Lewy pathology, rather than quantitative or disease-stage comparisons. Our findings highlight clear ultrastructural differences between somatic and neuritic αSyn pS129 pathology and demonstrate the structural complexity and heterogeneity of Lewy pathology in human Parkinson’s disease brain.

Synergistic Modulation of Triplet Density and Heavy‐Atom Effect Accelerates Reverse Intersystem Crossing for Narrowband Multi‐Resonance TADF Emitters

ABSTRACT Combining rapid triplet‐to‐singlet spin conversion with BT.2020‐relevant color purity in a single purely organic emitter remains a major challenge for OLED development. Here, we report a synergistic strategy that couples increased triplet density with a modest heavy‐atom effect, in which an energetically matched sulfur‐containing fragment is fused into a multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) skeleton to accelerate reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) while preserving narrowband emission. The resulting emitter exhibits pure‐green emission at 514 nm with a full width at half‐maximum of 17 nm, together with an ultrafast RISC rate constant of 5.1 × 10 6 s −1 . Theoretical studies and control experiments jointly reveal a dense manifold of triplet states near S 1 and show that the sulfur atom enhances spin–orbit coupling between states of distinct electronic character, opening multiple efficient RISC pathways. Benefiting from these features, the corresponding non‐sensitized devices deliver a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 34.6% with minimal efficiency roll‐off (25.2% at 10 000 cd m −2 ) and Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.20, 0.74), ranking among the best‐performing green devices with a binary emitting layer. These results demonstrate a general design principle for overcoming the trade‐off between ultrafast RISC and color purity in MR‐TADF systems.

Assessment of bentonite, zeolite, and sodium alginate for soil stabilization in dust hotspots

Anisodine hydrobromide targets matk and prevents delayed rtPA thrombolysis-induced vasogenic cerebral edema in ischemic stroke

Novel 1-bit hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface

Abstract Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are anticipated to play a key role in future smart wireless networks by enabling control over the propagation environment and improving communication performance. However, most existing RIS designs rely on external channel information acquisition, thereby restricting their autonomy. By embedding sensing directly into the RIS, the resulting hybrid RIS (HRIS) can pave the way for a self-configuring wireless network. However, previous HRISs used complex geometries, resulting in low sensing signal strength or costly implementation. This paper proposes a novel 1-bit HRIS designed to sense the incident signal’s angle of arrival (AoA) and redirect it toward desired directions. This device consists of independently tunable resonant patch elements loaded with PIN diodes. To introduce sensing capabilities, a portion of the incident signal on each element is coupled into a parallel-plate waveguide (PPWG) via small rectangular slots. This PPWG is below the reconfigurable patch array of the HRIS and collects the coupled signal from all elements. Two coaxial connectors are then used to sample the signal coupled to the PPWG. We use computational processing and a multilayer perceptron (MLP) to analyze signals collected in this manner to detect AoA. Further, pre-coded phase randomization is implemented by varying slot sizes to suppress undesired quantization lobes. The proposed HRIS is simple and low-cost, and it can pave the way for intelligent wireless communication, power transfer, and sensing without requiring feedback loops.

Metacrystals: inversely-designed 3D-printed intelligent panels for 6G communications