Browse Articles

Dynamic balance of CRISPR-Cas immunity and resistance plasmid anti-immunity mediated by a bifunctional protein AcrIE10

Lysophosphatidylinositol-enriched environment promotes the progression of colitis-associated cancer

Decoding the mechanisms of cooperative DNA binding by the Paired-like homeodomain family

Early 48-h glucose-to-lymphocyte ratio trajectories and 28-day mortality in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: a retrospective landmark secondary analysis using MIMIC-IV

Abstract Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is a common and clinically important phenotype of critical illness, yet early risk assessment still relies mainly on static variables. We evaluated whether early 48-h glucose-to-lymphocyte ratio (GLR) trajectories were associated with 28-day mortality in critically ill patients with SA-AKI. This retrospective landmark secondary analysis used a curated SA-AKI cohort derived from MIMIC-IV. Adults who survived beyond 48 h, stayed in the intensive care unit for at least 24 h, had no pre-existing renal disease or malignancy, and had paired glucose and lymphocyte measurements in the 0–24-h and 24–48-h windows were included. Patients were classified into four trajectory groups according to baseline GLR and early GLR change. Associations with 28-day mortality were examined using Kaplan–Meier analysis, multivariable Cox models, restricted cubic splines, multiple imputation, measurement-frequency summaries, alternative exposure definitions, and model-performance comparisons. Among 1,179 included patients, 241 (20.4%) died within 28 days after the 48-h landmark. In the primary multiple-imputation fully adjusted model, both the high baseline + decreasing (pooled HR 1.53; P = 0.049) and high baseline + increasing trajectories (pooled HR 1.83; P = 0.012) were associated with higher mortality. In the complete-case sensitivity analysis, the high baseline + increasing trajectory remained associated with higher mortality (HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.14–3.17; P = 0.014), whereas the high baseline + decreasing trajectory was attenuated (HR 1.49, 95% CI 0.93–2.38; P = 0.094). Baseline GLR analyzed continuously remained associated with mortality, while absolute and percentage GLR change alone were not. Baseline GLR carried the most robust prognostic signal, while early GLR trajectory provided modest additional context, particularly among patients with high baseline GLR. Early dynamic metabolic-immune monitoring may therefore help refine, but should not replace, baseline risk assessment in SA-AKI.

Potential of different area-based governance mechanisms for achieving Global Biodiversity Framework goals

Abstract The Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) includes a target to protect 30% of land by 2030, identifying other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) as complementary to Protected Areas (PAs). However, their contribution to conservation outcomes remains uncertain. Here we show the level of human pressure across the global OECM network and assess the impact of different governance mechanisms on deforestation and associated carbon emissions in the Peruvian Amazon from 2005 to 2021. We evaluate Indigenous Lands (ILs), Non-Timber Forest Product Concessions (NTCs), Logging Concessions (LCs), Mining Concessions (MCs), and PAs using statistical matching. Globally, OECMs show higher human pressure than strictly protected PAs, but similar levels to less strictly protected PAs. In the Peruvian Amazon, PAs are most effective at reducing deforestation (49–53% avoided), followed by NTCs and ILs (33% and 20%, respectively). In contrast, LCs and MCs are associated with increased deforestation (13% and 24%). These findings highlight the complementary role of OECMs and the effectiveness of different governance mechanisms in reducing deforestation and carbon emissions, informing efforts to achieve global biodiversity targets.

AtmosChemNet-AI for chemistry-informed urban air pollution forecasting using spatiotemporal deep learning

Free electron topological bound state induced by a light beam with a twisted wavefront

Conversions of Tungsten(IV) Cycloalkene Complexes to Metathesis‐Active Cycloalkylidene Complexes Are Catalyzed by Cycloalkene and Can be Inhibited by Cycloalkene

ABSTRACT Olefin metathesis reactions catalyzed by molybdenum or tungsten alkylidene (M═CRR’) complexes are robust methods of forming carbon‐carbon double bonds, but how catalytically active alkylidene complexes are formed from olefins alone has not been determined. Here we show that two electron reductions of W(NR)(OR') 2 Cl 2 complexes in the presence of cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene, or cyclooctene yield W(NR)(OR') 2 (cycloalkene) and/or W(NR)(OR') 2 (cycloalkylidene) complexes (R = 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl (Ar), 2,6‐dichlorophenyl (Ar Cl ); OR' = OSiPh 3 , OCMe 2 (CF 3 ) (OR F3 ), OCMe(CF 3 ) 2 (OR F6 ), OC(CF 3 ) 3 (OR F9 )). Mechanistic studies suggest that alkylidenes are formed from unobserved bis ‐alkene complexes through the transfer of an allylic proton from one bound olefin to the second to give an alkyl/allyl intermediate followed by the return of an α proton from the alkyl to form an alkylidene (the AA mechanism). Tungstacyclopentane complexes formed from two equivalents of cyclopentene or cyclohexene can be isolated, but there is no compelling evidence that these complexes can form alkylidenes through a thermal ring‐contraction mechanism. In fact, these metallacyclopentanes appear to inhibit alkylidene formation.

Computer vision syndrome and its preventive ergonomic practices among undergraduate medical and health science students in the United Arab Emirates

Electrodeposition-initiated, self-catalyzed growth of 2D amorphous Fe-group metal–boron alloy mesoporous films

Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Diaryl Ethers via Rhodium‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition

ABSTRACT Axially chiral diaryl ethers are important structural motifs in biologically active molecules, functional materials, and chiral catalysts. However, their enantioselective synthesis remains challenging because rotation around the Ar–O bond often occurs with relatively low rotational barriers, and most existing methods rely on desymmetrization strategies that inherently limit the accessible substitution patterns. Here we report a rhodium‐catalyzed enantioselective [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of triynes bearing alkynyl ether units that provides axially chiral diaryl ethers with high enantioselectivity. In this transformation, benzannulation simultaneously constructs the aromatic ring and restricts rotation about the Ar–O bond while introducing diverse substituents, thereby enabling efficient atroposelective synthesis. The reaction exhibits a broad substrate scope and affords the desired products in good yields and enantioselectivities. In suitably designed substrates, the benzannulation process generates multiple atropisomeric axes in a single step, providing complex stereochemical architectures with up to four stereogenic axes. DFT calculations indicate that steric and dispersion interactions during oxidative cyclization govern the stereochemical outcome, and a stepwise alkyne insertion, featuring shortened Rh–C bonds in the transition state, likely enables efficient stereoinduction within the chiral environment, accounting for the observed high enantioselectivity.

Optimizing one-dimensional bin packing for conveyor belt logistics via pointer-network-based A2C and heuristics

Serotonergic psychedelics induce distinct patterns of metabolic activity and covariance within biologically informed rat brain networks

Assessment of microsatellite instability in prostate tissue samples from patients with prostate cancer in Burkina Faso

Retraction Note: An autocatalytic multicomponent DNAzyme nanomachine for tumor-specific photothermal therapy sensitization in pancreatic cancer

β-Propeller structure of the CJ1041C protein from Campylobacter jejuni and its interaction with Ca2+ ions

Unbiased screen of human transcriptome reveals an unexpected role of 3’UTRs in translation initiation

The effectiveness of a PEN-3 model-based intervention on breast cancer screening knowledge, attitude, and practice among women in bandar abbas

Abstract Today, breast cancer is a major cause of mortality and a major concern about women’s health in the world. This cancer is the most common type among women, which can lead to mortality. The present study aimed to explore the effect of an educational intervention based on the PEN-3 model on women’s participation in breast cancer screening in Bandar Abbas city. This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 186 women visiting comprehensive health centers in Bandar Abbas. Four centers were assigned to intervention ( n  = 2) or control ( n  = 2) groups. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity (face and content validity) and reliability were substantiated through the test-retest method and Cronbach’s alpha test (0.806). The educational intervention was implemented face to face and online for the intervention group, their husbands and families, and the results were analyzed in SPSS24 using descriptive statistics, paired-samples T-test, independent-samples T-test, and analysis of covariance. The intervention significantly increased the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, enablers, and nurturers in the intervention group compared to the control group ( P  < 0.001). Following the intervention, the frequency of breast self-examination ( P  < 0.001) and clinical breast examination ( P  = 0.003) increased significantly, while mammography uptake showed no significant change ( P  = 0.306). The mean age of participants was 35.45 ± 8.24 years, and the majority were married (93.5%). As the present findings showed, education based on PEN-3 model can be useful and effective in promoting breast cancer screening behaviors.

Biosynthesis and heterologous production of the α-agarofuran scaffold of Celangulin V from Celastrus angulatus

Photothermal‐Responsive Artificial Enzyme Assembly Engineering for Near‐Unity Nitrate‐to‐Ammonia Electrocatalysis

ABSTRACT Natural enzymatic nitrate (NO 3 ‒ ) conversion exhibits inherent limitations under anthropogenic disturbances. Herein, we proposed an artificial enzyme assembly engineering that integrated a photothermal module with a biomimetic catalytic framework, aiming to transcend the functionality of natural enzyme. The integrated catalyst (Cu x /Cu 1 ‐NC) features coexisting Cu clusters and single atoms anchored on a nitrogen‐doped carbon substrate. In a photo‐electro system, the catalyst exhibited nearly 100% ammonia (NH 3 ) selectivity, with an NH 3 yield increased by 23.1 times compared to the unmodified single‐atom catalyst (Cu 1 ‐C). Mechanistic studies at the atomic and molecular levels reveal that, Cu clusters and Cu single atoms successfully mimic T1Cu and T2Cu in copper‐containing nitrite reductase (Cu‐NIR), supplying electrons and protons during NO 3 ‒ reduction process. Nitrogen‐doped carbon substrate possesses an asymmetric electron distribution function akin to that of amino acid residues in enzymes, constructing an efficient *H transfer network. In situ detection and physical modeling demonstrated that, the plasmonic resonance of Cu clusters generates an electromagnetic field intensity of 44.8 on a log 10 (|E| 2 ) scale at the interatomic gaps and produces an interfacial thermal field of 80.1°C within 1 min under irradiation of 400 mW·cm −2 , thereby promoting reactivity. This work offers a state‐of‐the‐art photothermal‐responsive artificial enzyme assembly strategy for directed NO 3 ‒ conversion.